Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-29T16:47:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lizia Brito da Cunha.pdf: 5020684 bytes, checksum: 4b8626104d83eb8de1f36f4e1110c8ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T16:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lizia Brito da Cunha.pdf: 5020684 bytes, checksum: 4b8626104d83eb8de1f36f4e1110c8ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-27 / Between the some sanitary problems that affect the wild avian, the parasitic diseases are the most frequent, since causing sub-clinics infections until the death. The endoparasites are very common in captivity kept birds, mainly in cases of high population density. The ectoparasites provoke serious damages that compromise the health of the wild avian being able to take them it the death, as well as indirect damages that intervene with the behavior and the performance of these animals in captivity. Being thus, the present work had for objective to relate the prevalence of endo and ectoparasites in cracides maintained in captivity at Dois Irmãos Zoo Park, Recife-Pernambuco. Dois Irmãos Zoo Park pertaining birds of the Cracidae family had been studied. These animals were born at breeders from different regions of Zona da Mata of Pernambuco State. Samples of excrement and sand had been collected. For the analysis of these samples four excrement collections and one of sand in a period of 60 days had been made. A total of 84 feces samples of 21 species of cracides of 58 animals were collected. The harvested material was submitted to examinations by direct method and spontaneous sedimentation. The results had been positive for Strongyloides sp, Ascaridia sp, Capillaria sp and cysts of Entamoeba coli and eggs of the Strongyloidea family. Two collections with interval of 60 days of plumes to search ectoparasites had been made. A total of 42 samples of plumes had been examined of 21 cracides species. This material was submitted to optic microscope direct examination of identification. The results had evidenced the presence of Analgidae, Glycyphagidae and Pterolichidae mites and Menoponidae lices. / Entre os vários problemas sanitários que afetam as aves silvestres, as enfermidades parasitárias estão entre as mais freqüentes, podendo causar desde infecções sub-clínicas até a morte. Os endoparasitos são muito comuns em aves mantidas em cativeiro, principalmente em casos de alta densidade populacional. Os ectoparasitos provocam danos diretos que comprometem a saúde das aves podendo levá-las à morte, bem como danos indiretos que interferem no comportamento e no desempenho destes animais em cativeiro. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar a prevalência de endo e ectoparasitos em cracídeos criados em cativeiro no Parque Dois Irmãos, Recife-PE. Foram estudadas aves da família Cracidae pertencentes ao acervo do Parque Dois Irmãos, as quais foram oriundas de criatórios particulares, da Região Metropolitana e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. Para isto, foram coletadas amostras de fezes e areia. Para a análise dessas amostras foram feitas quatro coletas de fezes e uma de areia em um período de 60 dias, com um total de 84 amostras fecais de 21 espécies de cracídeos de 58 animais. O material colhido foi submetido a exames coproparasitológicos pelo método direto e de sedimentação espontânea. Os resultados foram positivos para Strongyloides sp, Ascaridia sp, Capillaria sp e cistos de Entamoeba coli, além de ovos pertencentes a grande família Strongyloidea. Para os ectoparasitos, foram feitas duas coletas de penas, com intervalo de 60 dias entre as duas, ao total foram examinadas 42 amostras de penas de 21 espécies de cracídeos. O material colhido foi submetido ao exame de identificação direto, feito através do microscópio óptico. Os resultados constataram a presença de ácaros pertencentes às famílias Analgidae, Glycyphagidae e Pterolichidae, e piolhos da família Menoponidae.

Durch den in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland stark ausgeweiteten Spargelanbau wird der Kostendruck auf die Erzeuger immer größer. Um eine Spargelfläche ökonomisch erfolgreich zu bewirtschaften sind Anbauempfehlungen die auf einer objektiven Grundlage beruhen unersetzlich. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu ist das Messen der Reservekohlenhydratkonzentration (RKH-Konzentration) in den Speicherwurzeln. Ein sehr großer Nachteil dieser Methode ist, dass die Speicherwurzelmasse, die einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die verfügbare Gesamtmenge an Reservekohlenhydraten hat unberücksichtigt bleibt. Hinsichtlich der Wurzelmasse und der Wurzelverteilung im Boden bestanden bislang große Wissenslücken. Um den Einfluss der Bewässerung auf die Wurzelmasse und die Wurzelverteilung zu ermitteln, wurde ein Praxisversuch angelegt. Zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten in der Vegetationsperiode wurden Proben auf einer bewässerten und einer unbewässerten Variante entnommen. In der bewässerten Variante waren zu jedem Zeitpunkt signifikant mehr Speicherwurzeln vorhanden. Auch die Speicherwurzelfrischmasse war signifikant größer. In der Tiefenverteilung unterschieden sich jedoch die Varianten nicht. Auch in Gefäßversuchen konnten diese Ergebnisse bestätigt werden. Die Faserwurzelverteilung unter Praxisbedingungen unterschied sich jedoch erheblich von der Speicherwurzelverteilung. In der bewässerten Variante war der Boden im untersuchten Profil komplett mit Faserwurzeln durchwachsen, während in der unbewässerten Variante die Faserwurzeln lediglich in den oberen Bodenschichten zu finden waren. In Gefäßversuchen durchwurzelten die Faserwurzeln unabhängig von der Bewässerungssteuerung das gesamte Bodenvolumen. Unter mehrjährigen Praxisbedingungen lag die RKH-Konzentration in der unbewässerten Variante immer über der Konzentration in der bewässerten Variante. Die Gesamtmenge an RKH lag jedoch aufgrund der größeren Speicherwurzelmasse in der bewässerten Variante höher. Daher muss bei der Verwendung der RKH-Methode als Steuerinstrument im Spargelanbau unbedingt auch die Speicherwurzelmasse berücksichtigt werden. / The cultivation of asparagus in Germany has strongly expanded over the last years. Hence the cost pressure is increasing vastly on the producers. For the cultivation of asparagus, impartial cultivation recommendations are necessary. One possibility is measuring the carbohydrate concentration (CHO-concentration) in the storage roots. A great disadvantage of this method is that the root mass, which has a substantial influence on the total quantity of available carbohydrates, remains unconsidered. Regarding to the root mass and the distribution of roots in the soil so far large gaps in the grower’s knowledge are existent. In order to determine the influence of the irrigation on the root mass and the distribution of roots, a trial was prepared. Samples of a watered and an unwatered variant were taken at certain points in the vegetation period. In the watered variant were significantly more storage roots were present at each time. Further the storage root fresh mass was significantly bigger. However, in the vertical distribution the variants did not differ, which could also be confirmed in container trials. The distribution of fibre roots under practical conditions did indeed differ substantially from the storage root distribution. In the watered variant the soil profile was completely filled with fibre roots, whereas in the unwatered variant the fibre roots were only found in the upper soil layer. In container trials the fibre roots were distributed throughout the entire soil volume independently of the irrigation control. Under practical conditions the CHO concentration was always higher for the unwatered variant compared to the watered variant. However, the total quantity of CHO was higher in the watered variant due to the larger storage root mass. Therefore the storage root mass has to be considered when using the CHO method as an instrument in the cultivation of asparagus.