Submitted by Danielle Karla Martins Silva (danielle.martins@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T13:29:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DIssertacao_Mestrado_Heloisa_Onias_PG_Fisica.pdf: 9805428 bytes, checksum: 00e0f3bac6584320107351966c70da69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T13:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DIssertacao_Mestrado_Heloisa_Onias_PG_Fisica.pdf: 9805428 bytes, checksum: 00e0f3bac6584320107351966c70da69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / O circuito RLD, formado por um resistor, um indutor e um diodo em série, apresenta uma dinâmica muito rica quando forçado por uma tensão externa harmônica e vem sendo estudado há décadas. Contudo, ainda existem tópicos em dinâmica não-linear sendo estudados com variantes deste circuito. Varreduras nos parâmetros de controle podem fazer com que esse sistema oscile eletronicamente entre regiões periódicas e regiões caóticas. O diodo é o elemento não linear responsável pelo surgimento do caos. Utilizando um modelo de capacitância não linear para descrever o comportamento do diodo, podemos escrever as equações para esse sistema e estudar a sua dinâmica numericamente. Nosso principal objetivo foi o estudo de expoentes críticos complexos em bifurcações dinâmicas. Para isso, realizamos um estudo numérico do circuito RLD forçado senoidalmente utilizando como parâmetros de controle a frequência e a amplitude da tensão de entrada. Construímos, a partir das séries temporais da corrente total e da tensão no diodo, diagramas de bifurcação com diferentes cortes estroboscópicos, que apresentam cascata de dobramento de período, janelas periódicas e transição intermitente. Também realizamos estudos numéricos do comportamento da média na região de transição caos-periódico na busca de encontrar um expoente crítico característico e oscilasções na média, elementos que já foram observados no mapa logístico. Não foram possíveis observar numericamente as oscilações, mas observamos um decaimento exponencial com expoente crítico de aproximadamente 0,5. Montamos um sistema de controle, aquisição e tratamento de dados experimentais no qual é possível a realização remota de experimentos simultâneos com dois circuitos diferentes. Obtivemos diagramas de bifurcações experimentais nos quais observamos que o sistema apresentahisterese e alta sensibilidade às condições do experimento como, por exemplo, o passo de varredura do parâmetro de controle.

In today’s competitive automotive industry, most companies are trying to make their new designs and features implemented in their products to be ahead of their competitors. However, in the preliminary design stage of CEVT vehicles, dynamic simulation consumes excessive amount of time depending on the complexity of the dynamic model and simulation settings. It is beneficial and possible to shorten the simulation time. This thesis focuses on reducing the dynamic simulation time in ADAMS/Car in engine suspensions’ early development stage. Five simulation time reducing methods, i.e., reducing end time in driver control maneuver, stopping similar simulations, converting specific flexible parts to rigid parts, properly increasing the step size and performing simulation for engine suspension subsystem instead of the full vehicle system, were proposed and investigated separately to study their effects on the simulation time and the accuracy of the fatigue damage results of the engine suspension. With the proper combination of the five methods, total dynamic simulation time was effectively reduced to 61% and the variation of fatigue damage results of each engine suspension component was controlled within 30%. Dynamic modelling of an exhaust system is also included in this thesis and it provides referential data for the packaging design of exhaust system. / I dagens konkurrensutsatta bilindustri försöker de flesta företag att göra sina nya mönster och funktioner implementerbara i sina produkter för att vara före sina konkurrenter. I det preliminära konstruktionsstadiet av CEVT-fordon förbrukar dynamisk simulering dock en stor tid beroende på komplexiteten hos den dynamiska modellen och simuleringsinställningarna. Det är fördelaktigt och möjligt att förkorta simuleringstiden. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att minska den dynamiska simuleringstiden i ADAMS / Car i motorupphängningens tidiga utvecklingsstadium. Med hjälp av bakgrundsstudier och erfarenheter från CEVT’s personal provades fem olika sätt att minska simuleringstiden, samtidigt som simuleringsresultatens noggrannhet kontrollerades. Varje metod användes separat i simuleringen för att studera effekten på resultatens noggrannhet. I slutet kombineras alla metoder i simuleringen för att få bästa möjliga simuleringstid utan att förlora noggrannhet. Genom att kombinera de fem metoderna reducerades den totala dynamiska simuleringstiden till 61% och variationen i utmattningsskadans resultat av varje motorupphängningskomponent kontrollerades inom 30%. Dynamisk modellering av ett avgassystem ingår också i denna avhandling, vilket ger referensdata för framtida förpackningsdesign av avgassysteme

Submitted by Helmut Patrocinio (hell.kenn@gmail.com) on 2017-12-01T23:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Heloisa_Onias_Dissertacao_2012.pdf: 9805428 bytes, checksum: 00e0f3bac6584320107351966c70da69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ismael Pereira (ismael@neuro.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T12:33:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Heloisa_Onias_Dissertacao_2012.pdf: 9805428 bytes, checksum: 00e0f3bac6584320107351966c70da69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T12:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Heloisa_Onias_Dissertacao_2012.pdf: 9805428 bytes, checksum: 00e0f3bac6584320107351966c70da69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08 / O circuito RLD, formado por um resistor, um indutor e um diodo em s?rie, apresenta uma din?mica muito rica quando for?ado por uma tens?o externa harm?nica e vem sendo estudado h? d?cadas. Contudo, ainda existem t?picos em din?mica n?o-linear sendo estudados com variantes deste circuito. Varreduras nos par?metros de controle podem fazer com que esse sistema oscile eletronicamente entre regi?es peri?dicas e regi?es ca?ticas. O diodo ? o elemento n?o linear respons?vel pelo surgimento do caos. Utilizando um modelo de capacit?ncia n?o linear para descrever o comportamento do diodo, podemos escrever as equa??es para esse sistema e estudar a sua din?mica numericamente. Nosso principal objetivo foi o estudo de expoentes cr?ticos complexos em bifurca??es din?micas. Para isso, realizamos um estudo num?rico do circuito RLD for?ado senoidalmente utilizando como par?metros de controle a frequ?ncia e a amplitude da tens?o de entrada. Constru?mos, a partir das s?ries temporais da corrente total e da tens?o no diodo, diagramas de bifurca??o com diferentes cortes estrobosc?picos, que apresentam cascata de dobramento de per?odo, janelas peri?dicas e transi??o intermitente. Tamb?m realizamos estudos num?ricos do comportamento da m?dia na regi?o de transi??o caos-peri?dico na busca de encontrar um expoente cr?tico caracter?stico e oscilas??es na m?dia, elementos que j? foram observados no mapa log?stico. N?o foram poss?veis observar numericamente as oscila??es, mas observamos um decaimento exponencial com expoente cr?tico de aproximadamente 0,5. Montamos um sistema de controle, aquisi??o e tratamento de dados experimentais no qual ? poss?vel a realiza??o remota de experimentos simult?neos com dois circuitos diferentes. Obtivemos diagramas de bifurca??es experimentais nos quais observamos que o sistema apresentahisterese e alta sensibilidade ?s condi??es do experimento como, por exemplo, o passo de varredura do par?metro de controle. / The RLD circuit, formed by a resistor, an inductor and a diode in series, displays a very rich dynamics when forced by an external harmonic voltage, and it has being studied for decades. However, there are some topics in nonlinear dynamics that are still studied with variants of this circuit nowadays. Changes in the control parameters may cause electronic oscillations between regular and chaotic regions.The diode is the nonlinear element responsible for the appearance of chaos. Using a nonlinear capacitance model to describe the behavior of the diode, we can write the equations for this system and study its dynamics numerically. Our main objective was the study of critical exponents in complex dynamic bifurcations. For that, we did a numerical study of the RLD circuit forced sinusoidally using as control parameters the amplitude of the input voltage and the frequency. We made, from the time series obtained, bifurcation diagrams with different stroboscopic cuts, which have cascade of period-doubling, periodic windows and intermittent transition. We also did numerical studies of the average behavior in the periodic-chaos transition region searching for characteristic critical exponent and oscilas??es on average, elements that have been observed in the logistic map. It was not possible to observe the oscillations numerically, but we observed an exponential decay with critical exponent of approximately 0.5. We set up a system able to control, acquire and process experimental data making it possible to perform remote simultaneous experiments with two different circuits. We have obtained experimental diagrams bifurcations in which we observe that the system has hysteresis and high sensitivity to the conditions of the experiment such as the step of scanning the control parameter.

Durch den in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland stark ausgeweiteten Spargelanbau wird der Kostendruck auf die Erzeuger immer größer. Um eine Spargelfläche ökonomisch erfolgreich zu bewirtschaften sind Anbauempfehlungen die auf einer objektiven Grundlage beruhen unersetzlich. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu ist das Messen der Reservekohlenhydratkonzentration (RKH-Konzentration) in den Speicherwurzeln. Ein sehr großer Nachteil dieser Methode ist, dass die Speicherwurzelmasse, die einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die verfügbare Gesamtmenge an Reservekohlenhydraten hat unberücksichtigt bleibt. Hinsichtlich der Wurzelmasse und der Wurzelverteilung im Boden bestanden bislang große Wissenslücken. Um den Einfluss der Bewässerung auf die Wurzelmasse und die Wurzelverteilung zu ermitteln, wurde ein Praxisversuch angelegt. Zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten in der Vegetationsperiode wurden Proben auf einer bewässerten und einer unbewässerten Variante entnommen. In der bewässerten Variante waren zu jedem Zeitpunkt signifikant mehr Speicherwurzeln vorhanden. Auch die Speicherwurzelfrischmasse war signifikant größer. In der Tiefenverteilung unterschieden sich jedoch die Varianten nicht. Auch in Gefäßversuchen konnten diese Ergebnisse bestätigt werden. Die Faserwurzelverteilung unter Praxisbedingungen unterschied sich jedoch erheblich von der Speicherwurzelverteilung. In der bewässerten Variante war der Boden im untersuchten Profil komplett mit Faserwurzeln durchwachsen, während in der unbewässerten Variante die Faserwurzeln lediglich in den oberen Bodenschichten zu finden waren. In Gefäßversuchen durchwurzelten die Faserwurzeln unabhängig von der Bewässerungssteuerung das gesamte Bodenvolumen. Unter mehrjährigen Praxisbedingungen lag die RKH-Konzentration in der unbewässerten Variante immer über der Konzentration in der bewässerten Variante. Die Gesamtmenge an RKH lag jedoch aufgrund der größeren Speicherwurzelmasse in der bewässerten Variante höher. Daher muss bei der Verwendung der RKH-Methode als Steuerinstrument im Spargelanbau unbedingt auch die Speicherwurzelmasse berücksichtigt werden. / The cultivation of asparagus in Germany has strongly expanded over the last years. Hence the cost pressure is increasing vastly on the producers. For the cultivation of asparagus, impartial cultivation recommendations are necessary. One possibility is measuring the carbohydrate concentration (CHO-concentration) in the storage roots. A great disadvantage of this method is that the root mass, which has a substantial influence on the total quantity of available carbohydrates, remains unconsidered. Regarding to the root mass and the distribution of roots in the soil so far large gaps in the grower’s knowledge are existent. In order to determine the influence of the irrigation on the root mass and the distribution of roots, a trial was prepared. Samples of a watered and an unwatered variant were taken at certain points in the vegetation period. In the watered variant were significantly more storage roots were present at each time. Further the storage root fresh mass was significantly bigger. However, in the vertical distribution the variants did not differ, which could also be confirmed in container trials. The distribution of fibre roots under practical conditions did indeed differ substantially from the storage root distribution. In the watered variant the soil profile was completely filled with fibre roots, whereas in the unwatered variant the fibre roots were only found in the upper soil layer. In container trials the fibre roots were distributed throughout the entire soil volume independently of the irrigation control. Under practical conditions the CHO concentration was always higher for the unwatered variant compared to the watered variant. However, the total quantity of CHO was higher in the watered variant due to the larger storage root mass. Therefore the storage root mass has to be considered when using the CHO method as an instrument in the cultivation of asparagus.

L'évolution des Réseaux Locaux Domestiques (RLD) est influencée par l'augmentation irréfrénée du nombre de terminaux connectés dans nos domiciles et par le déploiement de réseaux d'accès optiques haut débit qui délivrent désormais des services dépassant le Gigabit/s. Pour continuer à échanger efficacement les données, les RLD doivent évoluer vers le multi-Gigabit/s, et plus particulièrement la très appréciée connectivité sans fil. Les systèmes radio actuels ont des capacités limitées, néanmoins de nouveaux standards dont le débit excède 7Gbit/s voient le jour. Mais comme ces derniers exploitent la bande millimétrique, entre 57 et 66 GHz, leur couverture radio est limitée à la taille d'une pièce. En effet, à de telles fréquences, les pertes en espace libre sont très élevées et les ondes ne traversent pas les murs. Cette thèse propose de résoudre cette limitation au moyen de solutions Radio sur Fibre (RoF pour Radio over Fiber). Cette technique consiste à capturer les signaux radio émis dans une première pièce, puis à les convertir en signaux optiques pour les transmettre par fibre optique jusqu'à une seconde pièce où ils seront réémis. Plusieurs transducteurs RoF seront donc installés dans le domicile et interconnectés entre eux au moyen d'une infrastructure optique adaptée, créant ainsi des systèmes se comportant à la fois comme répéteurs and comme système de distribution. Pour le marché du RLD, de telles solutions sont compétitives que si elles sont bas coût. Par conséquent, ce travail se focalise sur la modulation directe avec détection directe (IM-DD) en Fréquence Intermédiaire (FI). En d'autres termes, le signal radio à 60GHz est translaté à une plus faible fréquence, autour de 5GHz, pour moduler directement un laser, puis il est restitué à 60GHz après la détection directe. Concernant la fibre optique, la multimode silice (MMF) est privilégiée puisqu'elle permet l'utilisation de composants optoélectroniques bas coût et largement disponible. Cette thèse propose différentes architectures RoF, de la point-à-point reliant deux pièces à la multipoint-à-multipoint agissant comme un bus logique. Après une caractérisation analogique des composants optoélectroniques, du lien RoF et du câble domestique, ces architectures sont construites et caractérisées étape par étape sur la base d'une modulation OFDM conforme aux standards radio 60GHz. Des transmissions temps réel entre terminaux commerciaux sont également réalisées afin de valider ces architectures. Pour finir, des infrastructures RoF avancées sont proposées. Premièrement, les systèmes RoF peuvent être améliorés si l'accès à leur couche optique est contrôlé par la couche MAC radio. Cette approche est donc étudiée, démontrant ainsi sa faisabilité. Deuxièmement, les systèmes optiques, perçus par les utilisateurs comme des produits premium, doivent supporter aussi bien les services de base du RLD que ceux qui vont émerger dans les années à venir. Ainsi, des infrastructures multiservice and multiformat innovantes transportant sur un unique câble optique des données IP, la télévision hertzienne et satellite, les signaux radio 60GHz et d'autres formats spécifiques tels que l'HDMI sont proposées puis testées / The evolution of the Home Area Network (HAN) is lead by the proliferation of connected devices inside the home and the deployment of high broadband access network which now allows the delivery of services that can exceed 1Gbit/s. To ensure efficient in-house exchanges, the HAN has to move rapidly toward multi-Gigabit/s connections, in particular the wireless connectivity generally preferred by the customers. Current wireless systems have limited capacities, but new radio standards delivering data-rates up to 7Gbit/s are emerging. Nevertheless, as they address the unlicensed millimeter-wave band, from 57 to 66 GHz, their radio coverage is limited to a single room. Indeed, at such frequencies, the free-space losses are high and the waves do not cross the walls. This thesis proposes to solve this problem by means of the Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology. This consists in capturing the 60GHz radio signals emitted in one room, converting them into optical signals for transmission through optical fibers, and reemitting them in another room. Thus, several RoF transducers will be installed in the home and interconnected by a suitable optical infrastructure to create systems acting at the same time as repeaters and as distribution systems. From the viewpoint of the HAN market, such systems will be competitive only if they are low cost. As a consequence, this work focuses on direct modulation with direct detection (IM-DD) at Intermediate Frequency (IF). In other words, the 60GHz signal is down-converted at a lower frequency around 5GHz before the laser modulation and up-converted to 60GHz after the photodetection. Concerning the optical fiber, silica multimode fiber (MMF) is privileged as it allows the use of low cost and largely available optoelectronic devices working at 850nm.The thesis proposes different RoF architectures, from point-to-point interconnecting two rooms to multipoint-to-multipoint acting as logical buses. After an analog characterization of the optoelectronic components, the RoF link and the domestic cable, these architectures are designed, built and characterized step by step using OFDM modulation according to existing wireless 60GHz standards. Real-time transmissions between commercial devices have also been performed to validate these architectures. Moreover, advanced RoF infrastructures are proposed. First, the RoF systems can be easily improved if the access to their optical media is managed by the radio MAC layer. This approach is therefore studied showing its feasibility. Secondly, an optical system, seen by users as a premium product, has to support the legacy home services commonly used as well as the new ones that could emerge in the future. Thus, innovative multiservice and multiformat infrastructures conveying on a unique optical cable wired IP data, broadcast terrestrial or satellite television, the 60GHz wireless connectivity, and specific formats as HDMI signals are proposed and tested