Much has been written about Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, but as far as I am aware no one has compared the two characters of Vladimir and Estragon in order to analyse what makes Vladimir more willing to wait than Estragon. This essay claims that Vladimir is more willing to wait because he cannot deal with the fact that they might be waiting in vain and he involves himself more in his surrounding than Estragon. It is Vladimir who waits for Godot, not Estragon, and Vladimir believes that Godot will have all the answers. This will be explored by examining four topics, all of which will be dealt with from a psychoanalytical point of view and in relation to waiting. Consciousness in relation to the decision to wait; Uncertainty in relation to the unknown outcome of waiting; Coping mechanisms in relation to ways of dealing with waiting; Ways of waiting in relation to waiting-time and two kinds of waiting-characters.

Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

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The 1991 reforms to Britain's health service established a quasi-market where the purchasing function was performed by health authorities and those general practices that joined the fund-holding scheme. Whilst the literature lacked any direct comparison of the performance of these agencies as purchasers, there was much controversy about the equity implications of the system. Most notably this focused upon alleged differences in the waiting times for hospital services of patients registered with fund-holding and non fund-holding practices. However, such allegations were based on anecdotal evidence and open to contradiction. The thesis moves this debate beyond a reliance on anecdotal evidence and for one service, elective surgery, redresses the lack of evaluation in the relative merits of fund-holders and health authorities as purchasers. The waiting times of fund-holding and non fund-holding patients for operations covered by the fund-holding scheme were compared at four public providers over a four-year period. Fund-holding patients from the elective waiting list generally had significantly shorter waits than their non fund-holding counterparts. Because such trends became evident after practices joined the scheme, shorter waits were linked to fund-holding status. Another important aim was to ascertain why this tendency occurred. A series of hypotheses were tested, including the generosity of fund-holders' budgets, contrasts in the surgical case mix of each population, plus differences in the way fund-holders and health authorities perform their purchasing roles. An aspect of this last hypothesis was confirmed. Hospitals admitted fund-holding patients sooner to dissuade fund-holding practices from referring elsewhere. This connects to the income hospitals receive from fund-holders being more closely attributable to actual patient throughput than was the case with their income from health authorities. In discussing the policy implications of the study, the thesis then addresses how public sector quasi-markets can work in the contexts of both equity and efficiency.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Maternal and perinatal mortality remains significantly high in low‐income countries with over 800 deaths per day of women around childbirth. Greater than 90% of such deaths occur in low‐income countries. The concept of maternity waiting homes (MWH) was reintroduced to aid in decreasing maternal and perinatal mortality. Since the previous Cochrane Review in 2012 on maternity waiting homes, there have not been any published randomized controlled studies. Do observational studies on MWHs demonstrate decreased maternal and perinatal mortality in low‐income countries when compared with the standard of care? We searched for primary articles that reported maternal and perinatal deaths as major outcomes in studies who compared MWHs to other methods such as direct hospital admits, we also investigated cesarean delivery rates. Search engines used were: Cochrane Review, Medline and CINAHL. Meta‐analyses and forests plots were formulated using MedCalc Software. Systematic review was drafted using MOOSE guidelines for meta‐analysis and systematic reviews of observation. Seven articles met criteria for this study. The maternal mortality rate for MWH was 105/100,000 and 1,066/100,000 for non‐MWH, Relative Risk (RR) 0.145 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.062 to 0.204). Perinatal mortality rate was 60/1,000 in MWH compared to 65/1,000, RR 0.782 (CI 0.602 to 1.120) in non‐MWH. Stillbirth rate was 18/1,000 in MWH and 184/1,000 in non‐MWH, RR 0.204 (CI 63.88 to 94.08). Neonatal mortality rates were 16/1,000 in MWH and 15/1,000 in non‐MWH, RR 0.862 (CI 0.392 to 1.628). Cesarean deliveries rate was 24/100 for MWH and 18/100 in non‐MWH, RR 1.229 (CI 1.226‐1.555). MHWs statistically decreased maternal death, stillbirths and increased cesarean delivery rates. Overall, the observation nature of the study designs introduces selection biases that may have altered the results of the studies. No randomized trials have been done to date. We suggest cluster‐randomized studies to further evaluate the effect of MWHs.

The gallery has always sparked an expectant feeling of forgetfulness in me, whether I am an unsuspecting viewer or conceiving of an installation for a particular space. More specifically, entering an art gallery evokes a feeling of being in between the safe, assured and comforting feeling of knowing, and the completely lost and vague feeling of having my mind turn blank. The moment of entry -- if I could slow it down and clearly perceive my heightened expectation -- is like going into a room to get something but forgetting what Im looking for. I liken the experience to that of going into the basement for something -- not quite remembering what -- and opening a box. It might be the height of summer or above ground there might be three feet of snow. The basement is cool, like always; it is dark, a little damp, in a state of disarray or rigid organization. Within the stacks of boxes there are the possibilities of finding Christmas lights and water wings alike. Until a box is opened or its label read, the basement is neutral, quiet and waiting.<p>Scrappy the Bandit and the Outlaw Wolf has come to encompass this type of experience: the ambiguity of being both the moment before something happens, and the tucked-away-until-next-year Long Goodbye of an events neatened and tissue-wrapped aftermath. And the heart of this exhibition offers a number of parallel narratives; these are illustrated by coils of pennants seemingly stored away, a perch in which to sit and wait, a shelter from which to make forays, and an oversize toy wolf that watches over the space.

The gallery has always sparked an expectant feeling of forgetfulness in me, whether I am an unsuspecting viewer or conceiving of an installation for a particular space. More specifically, entering an art gallery evokes a feeling of being in between the safe, assured and comforting feeling of knowing, and the completely lost and vague feeling of having my mind turn blank. The moment of entry -- if I could slow it down and clearly perceive my heightened expectation -- is like going into a room to get something but forgetting what Im looking for. I liken the experience to that of going into the basement for something -- not quite remembering what -- and opening a box. It might be the height of summer or above ground there might be three feet of snow. The basement is cool, like always; it is dark, a little damp, in a state of disarray or rigid organization. Within the stacks of boxes there are the possibilities of finding Christmas lights and water wings alike. Until a box is opened or its label read, the basement is neutral, quiet and waiting.<p>Scrappy the Bandit and the Outlaw Wolf has come to encompass this type of experience: the ambiguity of being both the moment before something happens, and the tucked-away-until-next-year Long Goodbye of an events neatened and tissue-wrapped aftermath. And the heart of this exhibition offers a number of parallel narratives; these are illustrated by coils of pennants seemingly stored away, a perch in which to sit and wait, a shelter from which to make forays, and an oversize toy wolf that watches over the space.

This is a paper about the social services waiting rooms. Our aim with the study has been to: ”Describe and problematize the physical environment in social services waiting rooms. A wider purpose is to lift the question about the waiting room as a significant part of peoples encounter with the social services.”  To be able to achieve this purpose, we have used two questions: What does the physical waiting room environment look like in social services in Stockholms län? How can we understand and problematize the physical environment factors impact on people who visits these environments?  We have observed and photographed ten waiting rooms in ten different social services in Stockholms län. In the paper we describe what the environments look like, with text and whit pictures. Then we have analysed the results from four different theoretical perspectives. These four perspectives are: nursing theory, environmental psychology, power theory and theories about material. Our conclusions is that the environment in the different waiting rooms shift a lot, but the thing the most of them have in common is that there doesn’t seem to be a lot of thought behind the design and configuration of the waiting room. Half of them don’t have windows and the environment is generally stripped. All of the waiting rooms have receptions covered all up with glass, with slots that the receptionist opens when someone comes up to the reception. Most of the waiting rooms also have walls and doors of glass facing the corridors where the visit rooms and the social workers offices are located. These are covered so that you cannot see in to the corridors. There is also a lack of a children’s perspective in the environments. We mean that the poorly designed waiting rooms, with all the security built in to them, create and maintain the unequal relations between the social worker and the client, where the client is constructed as the ’the other’ and the dangerous.

Bakgrund: Organtransplantation är en rutinmässig behandling i vården. Ett underskott på organ gör väntetiden lång, vilket leder till långa väntetider och medför oro och rädsla. När en människa placeras på väntelistan är en organtransplantation den sista utvägen eftersom organet är så pass skadat. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patientens upplevelse av väntan på en organtransplantation. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där åtta artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Datan analyserades och delades in i kategorier och subkategorier med utgångspunkt från syftet. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier med tillhörande subkategorier framkom; Känslor till följd av väntandet på en organtransplantation, Behovet av stöd och information och Ett begränsat liv. Patienter som väntar på en organtransplantation upplevde osäkerhet och oro för döden blandat med hopp inför framtiden. Denna osäkerhet kunde kännas större vid upplevd brist på information från vården. Begränsningen i vardagen upplevdes svår och då blev stödet från sjuksköterskor och anhöriga viktigare, tillsammans med att skapa strategier för att hålla hoppet uppe. Konklusion: Litteraturstudien visar att upplevelsen av väntan på en transplantation är liknande runt om i världen. Det finns ett behov av information och stöd från sjuksköterskan då detta skapar mer trygghet. Det är av vikt för sjuksköterskan att ha en förståelse för denna patientgrupp. / Background: Organ transplantation is a routine treatment in modern healthcare. Due to lack of organs in relation to the need, waiting is increased which causes anxiety and fear for patients. When a person is placed on the waiting list, an organ transplant is the last resort since the organ is highly damaged. Aim: The aim was to illustrate the patient’s experience of waiting for an organ transplant. Method: This study is a literature study and have an inductive approach and is based on eight articles. The data was analyzed and categorized in regard to the aim. Results: The result reports three categories and associated subcategories; Feelings about waiting for an organ transplant, The need for support and information and A limited life. Patients experience uncertainty and anxiety during the waiting time and a fear of death alongside hope. The uncertainty grew with lack of information from care givers. Limitations of daily life perceived tough hence the nursing and family support became paramount, all together creating strategies to inspire hope. Conclusion: The literature study shows that the waiting experience for a transplant is similar around the world. There is a need for information and support from nurses, therefore, the nursing sympathy, information and knowledge is essential in creating a safe environment.

MPH / Department of Public Health / Post-apartheid South Africa’s healthcare system improved with many community members being able to easily access basic health care services. However, patient waiting time has remained a critical issue. Patients are well-known for arriving at healthcare facilities very early for the reason of avoiding lengthy queues. This, however, does not solve their problem. The purpose of the study was to explore factors influencing patient waiting time in Nthabiseng clinic in the Capricorn district of the Limpopo Province. The study was conducted at Nthabiseng clinic in the Capricorn District. A qualitative approach was adopted, and a sample was chosen from a targeted population through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a one-to-one semi-structured interview and analysed through the Thematic Data Analysis approach. The study found out that the Department of Health does not have a patient waiting time specific policy or legislative framework and/or a guiding document. It also showed that healthcare professionals define and calculate patient waiting time differently. Moreover, what is an acceptable waiting time to one is an unacceptable waiting time to another. The study recommended that a policy and Standard Operation Procedure be drafted to guide healthcare professionals on how to improve waiting time in their specific facilities.