Esta pesquisa relata o estudo da elaboração e avaliação de desempenho de misturas asfálticas mornas com uso de zeólitas naturais. Ela foi dividida em três etapas. A primeira consistiu na execução de ensaios de laboratório que buscaram conhecer algumas propriedades e o funcionamento da mistura asfáltica morna com utilização de zeólitas naturais através da determinação do projeto da mistura e da elaboração em diferentes temperaturas. A segunda etapa consistiu na preparação da usina de asfalto para misturas à quente para a fabricação de misturas a temperaturas inferiores, nas regulagens de temperatura e na verificação dos procedimentos necessários para adequar uma usina padrão para elaborar misturas mornas nas temperaturas de projeto. Na última etapa, foi feito o acompanhamento do transporte, espalhamento, compactação das misturas mornas e posterior avaliação de desempenho dos pavimentos, com o emprego de simulador de tráfego linear, em três testes, realizados em duas pistas experimentais, localizadas na Área de Testes de Pavimentos, no Campus do Vale da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. / This research reports the study of the production, implementation and performance evaluation of warm asphalt mixtures prepared by adding natural zeolites. It was divided into three stages. The first consisted of performing laboratory tests that get to know some properties and the functioning of warm mix asphalt, determining the projects of mixtures which were used in accelerated tests after analysis of specimens produced by different temperatures of manufacturing and compression. The second step consisted of preparing an asphalt plant for conventional mixtures for the manufacture of mixtures at lower temperatures, in temperature settings, and checking the necessary procedures to tailor a pilot plant to produce warm mixtures according to the temperatures of the project. In the last step, the transport, spreading and compaction of warm mixtures and subsequent performance evaluation of pavements were checked, with the use of linear traffic simulator in three tests conducted on two experimental tracks, located in Testing Pavement Area, on Valley Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

abstract: A recent joint study by Arizona State University and the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) was conducted to evaluate certain Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) properties in the laboratory. WMA material was taken from an actual ADOT project that involved two WMA sections. The first section used a foamed-based WMA admixture, and the second section used a chemical-based WMA admixture. The rest of the project included control hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. The evaluation included testing of field-core specimens and laboratory compacted specimens. The laboratory specimens were compacted at two different temperatures; 270 °F (132 °C) and 310 °F (154 °C). The experimental plan included four laboratory tests: the dynamic modulus (E*), indirect tensile strength (IDT), moisture damage evaluation using AASHTO T-283 test, and the Hamburg Wheel-track Test. The dynamic modulus E* results of the field cores at 70 °F showed similar E* values for control HMA and foaming-based WMA mixtures; the E* values of the chemical-based WMA mixture were relatively higher. IDT test results of the field cores had comparable finding as the E* results. For the laboratory compacted specimens, both E* and IDT results indicated that decreasing the compaction temperatures from 310 °F to 270 °F did not have any negative effect on the material strength for both WMA mixtures; while the control HMA strength was affected to some extent. It was noticed that E* and IDT results of the chemical-based WMA field cores were high; however, the laboratory compacted specimens results didn't show the same tendency. The moisture sensitivity findings from TSR test disagreed with those of Hamburg test; while TSR results indicated relatively low values of about 60% for all three mixtures, Hamburg test results were quite excellent. In general, the results of this study indicated that both WMA mixes can be best evaluated through field compacted mixes/cores; the results of the laboratory compacted specimens were helpful to a certain extent. The dynamic moduli for the field-core specimens were higher than for those compacted in the laboratory. The moisture damage findings indicated that more investigations are needed to evaluate moisture damage susceptibility in field. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2011

Esta pesquisa relata o estudo da elaboração e avaliação de desempenho de misturas asfálticas mornas com uso de zeólitas naturais. Ela foi dividida em três etapas. A primeira consistiu na execução de ensaios de laboratório que buscaram conhecer algumas propriedades e o funcionamento da mistura asfáltica morna com utilização de zeólitas naturais através da determinação do projeto da mistura e da elaboração em diferentes temperaturas. A segunda etapa consistiu na preparação da usina de asfalto para misturas à quente para a fabricação de misturas a temperaturas inferiores, nas regulagens de temperatura e na verificação dos procedimentos necessários para adequar uma usina padrão para elaborar misturas mornas nas temperaturas de projeto. Na última etapa, foi feito o acompanhamento do transporte, espalhamento, compactação das misturas mornas e posterior avaliação de desempenho dos pavimentos, com o emprego de simulador de tráfego linear, em três testes, realizados em duas pistas experimentais, localizadas na Área de Testes de Pavimentos, no Campus do Vale da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. / This research reports the study of the production, implementation and performance evaluation of warm asphalt mixtures prepared by adding natural zeolites. It was divided into three stages. The first consisted of performing laboratory tests that get to know some properties and the functioning of warm mix asphalt, determining the projects of mixtures which were used in accelerated tests after analysis of specimens produced by different temperatures of manufacturing and compression. The second step consisted of preparing an asphalt plant for conventional mixtures for the manufacture of mixtures at lower temperatures, in temperature settings, and checking the necessary procedures to tailor a pilot plant to produce warm mixtures according to the temperatures of the project. In the last step, the transport, spreading and compaction of warm mixtures and subsequent performance evaluation of pavements were checked, with the use of linear traffic simulator in three tests conducted on two experimental tracks, located in Testing Pavement Area, on Valley Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

abstract: Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in newly designed asphalt mixtures is becoming a common practice. Depending on the percentage of RAP, the stiffness of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) increases by incorporating RAP in mixes. In a climatic area such as the City of Phoenix, RAP properties are expected to be more oxidized and aged compared to other regions across the US. Therefore, there are concerns about the cracking behavior and long-term performance of asphalt mixes with high percentage of RAP. The use of Organosilane (OS) in this study was hypothesized to reduce the additional cracking potential and improve resistance to moisture damage of the asphalt mixtures when using RAP. OS has also the potential to improve the bond between the aggregate and asphalt binder. The use of OS also reduces the mixing and compaction temperatures required for asphalt mixtures, making it similar to a warm mix asphalt (WMA), Six asphalt mixes were prepared with three RAP contents, 0%, 15% and 25%, with and without Organosilane. The mixing temperature was reduced by 10°C and the compaction temperature was reduced by 30°C. Mix designs were performed, and the volumetric properties were compared. The mixture laboratory performance was evaluated for all mixtures by conducting Dynamic Modulus, Flow Number and Tensile Strength Ratio tests. The study findings showed that mixtures achieved better compaction at a reduced temperature of 30°C. Mixtures modified with Organosilane generally exhibited softer behavior at the extreme ends of lower and higher temperatures. The lower moduli are to reduce the potential for cracking. For the Flow Number test, the RAP mixtures with OS passed the minimum required at all traffic levels. Tensile Strength Ratio results increased with the increase in RAP percentage, and further increase was observed when OS was used. The OS reduced the sticking nature of the binder to the molds and equipment, which reduced the efforts in cleaning them. Finally, the future use of RAP by the City of Phoenix would positively contributes to their sustainability aspiration and initiatives. The use of Organosilane may even facilitates higher percentage of RAP usage; it definitely improves the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures, especially when lower mixing and compaction temperatures are desired or used. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

Esta pesquisa relata o estudo da elaboração e avaliação de desempenho de misturas asfálticas mornas com uso de zeólitas naturais. Ela foi dividida em três etapas. A primeira consistiu na execução de ensaios de laboratório que buscaram conhecer algumas propriedades e o funcionamento da mistura asfáltica morna com utilização de zeólitas naturais através da determinação do projeto da mistura e da elaboração em diferentes temperaturas. A segunda etapa consistiu na preparação da usina de asfalto para misturas à quente para a fabricação de misturas a temperaturas inferiores, nas regulagens de temperatura e na verificação dos procedimentos necessários para adequar uma usina padrão para elaborar misturas mornas nas temperaturas de projeto. Na última etapa, foi feito o acompanhamento do transporte, espalhamento, compactação das misturas mornas e posterior avaliação de desempenho dos pavimentos, com o emprego de simulador de tráfego linear, em três testes, realizados em duas pistas experimentais, localizadas na Área de Testes de Pavimentos, no Campus do Vale da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. / This research reports the study of the production, implementation and performance evaluation of warm asphalt mixtures prepared by adding natural zeolites. It was divided into three stages. The first consisted of performing laboratory tests that get to know some properties and the functioning of warm mix asphalt, determining the projects of mixtures which were used in accelerated tests after analysis of specimens produced by different temperatures of manufacturing and compression. The second step consisted of preparing an asphalt plant for conventional mixtures for the manufacture of mixtures at lower temperatures, in temperature settings, and checking the necessary procedures to tailor a pilot plant to produce warm mixtures according to the temperatures of the project. In the last step, the transport, spreading and compaction of warm mixtures and subsequent performance evaluation of pavements were checked, with the use of linear traffic simulator in three tests conducted on two experimental tracks, located in Testing Pavement Area, on Valley Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), enabled by the Kyoto Protocol, set enforced responsibilities on industrialised countries to reduce the amount of emissions (greenhouse gases) produced. This global call for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions ensured that the manufacturing sector commit to emission reduction. The asphalt industry has embarked on a quest to find alternative methods of producing and constructing asphalt mixes which will release less greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. These new methods include the reduction in production and construction temperatures which in turn will reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions produced. These new methods introduced the concept of warm mix asphalt (WMA) to the alternative hot mix asphalt (HMA). To produce a WMA mix at lower temperatures the binder needs to be in a workable state so to effectively coat the aggregate and produce a good quality mix. WMA technologies have been developed to enable production of mixes at lower temperatures (effectively reducing emissions) whilst retaining the required binder viscosity and properties needed to produce a quality mix. The question which needs to be answered is whether the performance of these WMA mixes can compare with that of HMA mixes. In this study several WMA mixes (with different WMA technologies) are evaluated against their equivalent HMA mixes in terms of fatigue life and flexural stiffness. Phase angle results were also considered. Flexural stiffness is a mix property which is dependent on loading time and temperature. It is used to measure the load spread ability of a mix and also influences fatigue behaviour. Fatigue cracking occurs in the material as a result of repeated cyclic loading. The evaluation and analysis conducted in this study show that WMA mixes can compare favourably and even exceed that of HMA mixes in certain cases, although some WMA mixes resulted in lower fatigue life or flexural stiffness than its corresponding HMA mixes, which could be attributed to differences in mix components and variables. In this study a literature study, methodology, laboratory test results, a comparison of mix results and conclusions and recommendations are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) was in staat gestel deur die Kyoto Protocol om verantwoordelikhede op geïndustrialiseerde lande te forseer om die hoeveelheid van nadelige kweekhuisgasse wat geproduseer word te verminder. Hierdie globale oproep tot die vermindering van kweekhuisgasse verseker dat die vervaardigingsektor hulself verbind tot emissie vermindering. Die asfalt industrie het begin met 'n soektog na alternatiewe metodes van vervaardiging en die bou van asfaltmengsels wat minder kweekhuisgasse sal vrystel in die atmosfeer. Hierdie nuwe metodes sluit die vermindering in produksie en konstruksie temperature in wat op sy beurt die hoeveelheid kweekhuisgasse geproduseer verminder. Hierdie nuwe metodes het die konsep van warm mengsel asfalt (WMA) bekendgestel teenoor die alternatiewe ‘hot’ mengsel asfalt (HMA). Om ‘n WMA mengsel te produseer by laer temperature, moet die bindmiddel in 'n werkbare toestand wees om die aggregaat heeltemal te bedek en 'n goeie gehalte mengsel te produseer. WMA tegnologie is ontwikkel om die produksie van mengsels teen laer temperature te realiseer (vermindering die uitlaatgasse), terwyl die vereiste bindmiddel viskositeit en eienskappe wat nodig is om 'n kwaliteit mengsel te produseer behou word. Die vraag wat beantwoord moet word, is of die prestasie van hierdie WMA mengsel kan vergelyk word met dié van HMA mengsel. In hierdie studie is 'n paar WMA mengsels (met verskillende WMA tegnologie) geëvalueer teen hul ekwivalent HMA mengsels in terme van vermoeiing en buig styfheid. Fase hoek resultate is ook in ag geneem. Buig styfheid is 'n mengsel eienskap wat afhanklik is van die laai tyd en temperatuur. Dit word gebruik om die las verspreiding vermoë van 'n mengsel te meet en beïnvloed ook vermoeiing gedrag. Vermoeidheid krake kom voor in die materiaal as gevolg van herhaalde sikliese laai. Die evaluering en ontleding in hierdie studie toon dat WMA mengsels goed vergelyk en selfs in sekere gevalle meer as dié van HMA mengsels, hoewel sommige WMA mengsels laer vermoeidheid lewe of buig styfheid as die ooreenstemmende HMA mengsels gewys het, wat toegeskryf kan word tot verskille in mengsel komponente en veranderlikes. In hierdie studie word 'n literatuurstudie, metodiek, laboratorium toets resultate, 'n vergelyking van die mengsel resultate en gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak.