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The efficient organization of waste collection systems based on bins located along the streets involves the solution of several tactical optimization problems. In particular, the bin configuration and sizing at each collection site as well as the service frequency over a given planning horizon have to be decided. In this context, a higher service frequency leads to higher routing costs, but at the same time less or smaller bins are required, which leads to lower bin allocation investment costs. The bins used have different types and different costs and there is a limit on the space at each collection site as well as a limit on the total number of bins of each type that can be used. In this paper we consider the problem of designing a collection system consisting of the combination of a vehicle routing and a bin allocation problem in which the trade-off between the associated costs has to be considered. The solution approach combines an effective variable neighborhood search metaheuristic for the routing part with a mixed integer linear programming-based exact method for the solution of the bin allocation part. We propose hierarchical solution procedures where the two decision problems are solved in sequence, as well as an integrated approach where the two problems are considered simultaneously. Extensive computational testing on synthetic and real-world instances with hundreds of collection sites shows the benefit of the integrated approaches with respect to the hierarchical ones.

Waste is anything which is considered to be no longer useful to anyone. In reality, it actually possesses the ability to be the raw material for several other processes and applications. Improper handling of wastes could result in several environmental hazards such as air pollution, soil erosion, methane emissions, low birth rate and others. In developing countries, proper handling of wastes is one of the important topics to be focussed from an environmental perspective. This thesis aims to propose an improved waste collection system in Gaborone through investigating the current waste management practices in Gaborone from different perspectives. Several stakeholders were interviewed for gathering information related to the present waste legislations, waste collection, treatment, and disposal methods. A composition study was also conducted along with the other research teams in order to support the objective of this thesis. The results shows that the current waste management practices has certain flaws which the management has to overcome in order to avoid the environmental impacts caused by the waste generation in Gaborone. Basic Recycling and treatment facilities are absent in Gaborone. The local government do not have any updated plans for the proper handling of wastes. The obtained results are critically analysed to showcase the existing flaws in the waste management practices, and using the state of the art knowledge in waste management the research team suggests an improved waste collection system for Gaborone considering the economic and environmental conditions.

Food has a substantial impact on climate change and the environment, to reduce the impact, the Europe Union has decided that all countries should start collecting food waste from the 1stof January 2024. In Sweden there are 30 out of 290 municipalities that doesn’t collect any food waste generated by households. This paper is set to examine what obstacles these municipalities are facing and what methods they should be using while implementing their food waste collection system. The method for determining what obstacles the municipality face was through a survey sent out to the 30 municipalities who hasn’t yet implemented the system inquiring what obstacles they were facing. To identify which methods should be used while implementing their system, five municipalities who already are collecting food waste was interviewed about which methods was effective for them and what wasn’t. The study showed that economical and logistical problems in different varieties was the most frequent issue, the source of the issues was most commonly the low-density population and large area within the municipality. The issues rendered the purpose of collecting the food waste unnecessary as well as putting substantial financial strain on the municipality. The most effective methods to manage these issues were: cooperation between municipalities, tailored collection systems with special vehicles and food waste containers along with a satisfactory communication to the households. Most municipalities predict a higher fee for the households, furthermore they find that the changing directive from the government makes it hard to plan.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis is to prepare real data for subsequent optimization of the collection plan using advanced VRP („Vehicle Routing Problem “) algorithms. The diploma thesis is motivated by the project Strategic Partnership for Environmental Technologies and Energy Production. The output focuses on indeterminate factors that have a major risk for subsequent operations. These are economic, environmental and social risks (overcrowded containers). Another result is the implementation and processing of the time-consuming passage of all streets, the estimation of the speed of the collection (garbage) truck for the subsequent optimization of the route and the estimation of the mean value of the filling of individual collection containers.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Vietnam has been increasing quickly and became one of the most considered environmental problems in Mekong Delta (MD) region covering 13 provinces and municipalities in the south of Vietnam. With a considerably large amount of MSW, the region produces about 5% of the total amount of MSW of the country. The collection rate of solid waste is about quite high (65 - 72%) in the cities and rather low (about 40 - 55%) in the rural areas, with a high content in organic matter (about 60 - 85%). The climate of MD can be characterized as tropical and monsoonal with a high rate of humidity and a strong impact of flooding. Like other regions too, the MSW collection and treatment system is still underdeveloped and rudimentary, with disposal sites being the sole dumping method of the unsorted MSW remaining untreated by any mechanical and biological pre-treatment steps. Within this paper, the current treatment, management and operation of MSW systems are introduced, as well as the identification of advantages and disadvantages, environmental impacts, potential risks of the MSW system within the impact of global climate change. The situation of MSW treatment and management is correlated with the climate change impact and the integrated solid waste management is introduced as a new approach for adapting the environmental protection awareness by considering the climate change for the longterm sustainable development orientation. / Sự gia tăng chất thải rắn ở các đô thị Việt Nam ngày càng nhanh và chất thải rắn đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm hàng đầu. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) nơi có đến 13 tỉnh và thành phố nằm ở phía Nam Việt Nam. Với lượng chất thải không nhỏ, chiếm khoảng 5 % tổng lượng chất thải rắn sinh hoạt của quốc gia. Tỷ lệ thu gom chất thải rắn thấp, chiếm khoảng 65 - 72 % ở thành thị, tỷ lệ này ở nông thôn thấp 40 - 55%, chất thải có hàm lượng hữu cơ cao chiếm khoảng 60 - 85%. Khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa với độ ẩm không khí cao và chịu ảnh hưởng lớn của lũ lụt hàng năm. Cũng như các khu vực khác, hệ thống thu gom và xử lý rác thải ở khu vực ĐBSCL còn rất thô sơ và lạc hậu, bãi rác là nơi duy nhất tiếp nhận trực tiếp hổnhợp rác thải không phân loại và qua bất kỳ công đoạn tiền xử lý nào. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi giới thiệu hoạt động vận hành hệ thống quản lý và xử lý rác đô thị trong khu vực đồng thời phân tích các thuận lợi và bất lợi, cũng như các tác động môi trường, những rủi ro tiềm ẩn trong điều kiện ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu - khu vực ĐBSCL là nơi chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất. Tình hình quản lý và xử lý rác được cân nhắc trong điều kiện tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, đồng thời quản lý tổng hợp rác thải cũng được đề xuất như một các tiếp cận mới nhằm đáp ứng nhiệm vụ bảo vệ môi trường trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu theo định hướng phát triển bền vững lâu dài.

PETRÁCH, F. Municipal enterprises - their objectives and functioning in a modern economy. České Budějovice, 2013. 137 pgs. Faculty of Economics. University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Thesis supervisor: doc. Ing. Ivana Faltová Leitmanová, CSc. This thesis deals with the municipal enterprises in the context of their objectives and functioning in a modern economy. The main goal of this work is the assessment of the selected aspects of the provision of public goods / services on the example of the waste collection in the context of the institutional arrangements in the Czech Republic. In the application part of the thesis the author, at first, focuses on the general development of municipal enterprises in the Czech Republic since 1993 with an emphasis on the period from 2002 to 2012. Furthermore, there was examined the sample of companies with a main activity of the category of 38110 according to CZ-NACE classification Collection of non-hazardous waste in the context of selected financial indicators depending on the legal form of business and ownership. Also, there were statistically analyzed links between indicators. From a geographic point of view, there were examined the variables characterizing the uniformity of the distribution of these enterprises in the Czech Republic.

Orientador: Waldir Antonio Bizzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:56:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lino_FatimaAparecidadeMorais_M.pdf: 2969972 bytes, checksum: 528731778a3797dd57b92f976e190fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação foi estudado a coleta seletiva de resíduo sólido na cidade de Campinas (SP), classificada como terceiro município do Estado de São Paulo em população, com 1.039.297 habitantes, e também, em geração de resíduo sólido domiciliar. O objetivo consiste em quantificar o consumo de energia no transporte da coleta seletiva executada pelo setor público e pelo sistema cooperativo. Diariamente, o poder público coleta em média 655 toneladas das quais 99% tem como destino o aterro sanitário. Em 2005, a prefeitura e duas cooperativas, juntas recolheram seletivamente uma média de 329 toneladas/mês de resíduo sólido reciclável. Na coleta foram utilizados 14 caminhões que percorreram a distância de 31.200 km/mês e o consumo estimado de 10.900 litros de óleo diesel. No balanço energético correspondente à quantidade de energia gasta no transporte e a evitada com a reciclagem, estima-se que, com o reaproveitamento na indústria do montante de reciclável coletado para produção de novos produtos foi possível evitar o uso de cerca de 12.552 GJ de energia. Essa quantidade de energia evitada representa cerca de 32,5 vezes superior a energia consumida no transporte da coleta seletiva. Com relação ao CO2, a queima de óleo diesel no transporte dos recicláveis emitiu na atmosfera cerca de 29 tCO2/mês e a reciclagem dos recicláveis coletados evitou a emissão de cerca de 901,2 tCO2/ mês / Abstract: In this dissertation, we studied the selective collection of solid waste in the city of Campinas (SP), ranked as the third city in the state of Sao Paulo in population, with 1,039,297 inhabitants, and also in household solid waste generation. The objective is to the energy gain due to selective collection and recycling realized by the public sector and the cooperative system. Daily, the municipal government collects an average of 655 tons of which 99% goes to landfill. In 2005, the public service and two cooperatives together selectively collected an average of 329 tons per month of recyclable solid waste. In the collection 14 trucks were used and traveled the distance of 31,200 kilometers per month at an estimated consumption of 10,900 liters of diesel fuel. Energy balance corresponding to the amount of energy spent in transportation and avoided from recycling, it is estimated that with the recycling the amount of recyclable collected it is possible to avoid the use of approximately 12,552 GJ of energy. This amount of energy avoided is about 32.5 times the energy consumed in transporting the collection. With regard to CO2, the consumption of diesel fuel in the transport of recyclables emitted to the atmosphere about 29 tCO2/month and recycling of recyclable materials collected avoided the emission of about 901.2 tCO2 per month / Mestrado / Engenharia Mecanica / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

This paper considers a real world waste collection problem in which glass, metal, plastics, or paper is brought to certain waste collection points by the citizens of a certain region. The collection of this waste from the collection points is therefore a node routing problem. The waste is delivered to special sites, so called intermediate facilities (IF), that are typically not identical with the vehicle depot. Since most waste collection points need not be visited every day, a planning period of several days has to be considered. In this context three related planning problems are considered. First, the periodic vehicle routing problem with intermediate facilities (PVRP-IF) is considered and an exact problem formulation is proposed. A set of benchmark instances is developed and an efficient hybrid solution method based on variable neighborhood search and dynamic programming is presented. Second, in a real world application the PVRP-IF is modified by permitting the return of partly loaded vehicles to the depots and by considering capacity limits at the IF. An average improvement of 25% in the routing cost is obtained compared to the current solution. Finally, a different but related problem, the so called multi-depot vehicle routing problem with inter-depot routes (MDVRPI) is considered. In this problem class just a single day is considered and the depots can act as an intermediate facility only at the end of a tour. For this problem several instances and benchmark solutions are available. It is shown that the algorithm outperforms all previously published metaheuristics for this problem class and finds the best solutions for all available benchmark instances.