Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-17T18:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1425453.pdf: 5060804 bytes, checksum: 3fca53c0ba321ccb58589df2289e9fd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-17T18:45:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1425453.pdf: 5060804 bytes, checksum: 3fca53c0ba321ccb58589df2289e9fd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-17T18:45:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1425453.pdf: 5060804 bytes, checksum: 3fca53c0ba321ccb58589df2289e9fd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-17T18:45:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1425453.pdf: 5060804 bytes, checksum: 3fca53c0ba321ccb58589df2289e9fd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Thís paper aims to offer an insight into the viability of the metropolitanízation of the Pernambuco's Central Wasteland Regíon. Therefore, ít is presented an initial analysis on the ways of survival of small production centers in the constant and metamorphic process 01' globalization. lt is also shown some processes of regionalization, passíng by its concept to newer forros of this phenomenon, reaching to metropolitanization as an alternative to urban centers to reach a new social, political, economic and cosmopolitan leveI, which best suits its realíty. It is presented here, the current statc of Pernambuco's Central Wasteland Regíon in several respects, especiaIIy on the local economy, which is the drivíng [orce in the region, and the main argument o[ those who defend its metropolítanization. Thereforc, it is necessary to consíder also the recent process of ínternalization of dcvclopment in Brazi!, and in paliicular in the State ofPernambuco. It also made a historical, socio-cconomic and politica! analysis of the main cities in the region, which are Santa Cruz Capibaribc, Toritama and Caruaru, focusing on thc latter, whom by vocation, would be the host cily of thc metropolitan arca of alleged Pernambuco's Central Wasteland Region. Next, it examines the interaction of the cities involved, and the data are compared with the three major metropolitan areas in the interior of the Country, and is drawn a parallel between the eurrent cluster development and the likely benefits of so-called metropolitan area, and finally, analyzed the perception of politicians, on the subject, to present the vision of thís work on the feasibility of metropolitanizatíon in the region studied, and the alternative proposaIs. / Este trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar uma visão sobre a viabilidade da metropolização do Agreste Central de Pernambuco. Para tanto, trata-se aqui de apresentar uma análise inicial sobre o atual estágio da globalização os seus efeitos e formas de sobrevivência dos pequenos centros produtivos neste constante e metamórfico processo. Trata ainda dos processos de regionalização, passando-se pela sua conceituação até as formas mais recentes desse fenômeno, alcançando-se a metropolização como alternativa de centros urbanos para atingir um novo patamar social, político, econômico e cosmopolita, que melhor se adéqua à sua realidade. É apresentada neste trabalho, a situação atual do Agreste Central de Pernambuco, sob diversos aspectos, especialmente quanto à economia local, que é a mola propulsora da região, e o principal argumento daqueles que defendem a sua metropolização. Para tanto, faz se necessário analisar, também, o recente processo de interiorização do desenvolvimento por que passa o Brasil, e, em especial, o Estado de Pernambuco. É feita, ainda, uma avaliação histórica, sócio-econômica e política das principais cidades desta região, que são Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, Toritama e Caruaru, com foco nesta última, que, por vocação, seria a cidade sede da pretensa Região Metropolitana do Agreste Central de Pernambuco. Em seguida, é feita uma análise de interação das cidades envolvidas, e os dados são comparados com as três principais regiões metropolitanas do interior do País. É traçado um paralelo entre o atual pólo de desenvolvimento e os prováveis benefícios da pretensa região metropolitana, c, por fim, analisada a percepção dos Agentes Políticos, sobre o tema, para se apresentar a visão deste trabalho sobre a viabilidade da metropolização da região estudada, c as propostas alternativas.

Les HAP contaminent de nombreux sols de friches industrielles. Leur dissipation par biodégradation est limitée par leur faible disponibilité. Nous avons étudié les facteurs contrôlant cette disponibilité dans les sols ainsi que les variables rhizosphériques qui la font varier. Nous avons préalablement défini que la disponibilité des HAP pouvait être estimée par une extraction en 30 heures sur une résine adsorbante, le Tenax®. Ce protocole a permis de comparer la disponibilité dans trois sols de friche et de déterminer les facteurs de contrôle de celle-ci. Le premier facteur est le diamètre des particules de black carbon qui sont la matrice porteuse de HAP. Ensuite, l’intensité d’agrégation par l’intermédiaire de ciments carbonatés est le deuxième facteur de contrôle important de la disponibilité des HAP. Des expériences de laboratoire ont montré que la disponibilité des HAP peut être influencée par des variables rhizosphériques. Ainsi, l’acidification d’un sol calcaire permet la dissolution des ciments carbonatés et augmente la disponibilité des HAP du fait de la désagrégation. L’alcalinisation quant à elle, augmente la disponibilité en diminuant les forces de sorption et parfois en décondensant la phase organique porteuse de HAP. En plus de son rôle acidifiant, l’acide citrique par ses propriétés complexantes permet d’augmenter la disponibilité des HAP de 40%. Les paramètres modifiés artificiellement au laboratoire ne sont pas toujours aussi facilement contrôlable in situ. Dans des expériences de terrain, nous avons vu qu’une alcalinisation artificielle du sol entraînait l’accroissement de la vitesse de dissipation des HAP. La culture de lupin blanc connu pour exsuder de l’acide citrique dans sa rhizosphère, a permis l’augmentation significative de la dissipation de l’anthracène, résultat très encourageant compte-tenu de la courte durée de culture et la relative phytotoxicité des sols étudiés / PAHs are present in many industrial wasteland soils. Their remediation using biological techniques remains limited because of their low availability. This work identifies some of the factors controlling this availability in soil and proposes management strategies able to modify it, focusing on plant assisted treatment. First, we have shown that PAHs availability can be estimated by a 30 hours extraction using a Tenax® resin. The analysis of PAHs availability for three wasteland soils showed that the size of black carbon particles, which is the main PAHs reservoir, and the aggregation intensity are the two main availability controlling factors. Laboratory experimentation also showed that this availability can be influenced by rhizosphere parameters. Acidification of a calcareous soil, in dissolving the carbonated cement, can increase PAHs availability by desaggregation. Soil alkalinisation, in decreasing sorption forces between PAHs and the solid matrix, may also increase availability. Citric acid has an effect even more pronounced than the pH alone. Its chelating properties can increase PAHs availability by 40%. Some of these laboratory results have been confirmed by in situ experiments. Indeed, a white lupine culture was able to increase anthracene dissipation for one of the tested wasteland soil over a 5 months period

La reconversion des friches industrielles constitue depuis les années 1950 un phénomène important en Europe. Bien qu’elle soit connue comme un mouvement de réaménagement urbain, elle porte aussi un sens particulier en ce qui concerne les pratiques culturelles et artistiques d’aujourd’hui. Ces vastes espaces abandonnés par la science et les industries de l’époque moderne deviennent de plus en plus des lieux d’expression alternatifs qui sont propices aux échanges entre l’art, l’industrie et la science de l’époque contemporaine. Ainsi, ces lieux de mémoires incarnent par leurs caractéristiques particulières l’entité des sociétés occidentales contemporaines. A commencer par leurs infrastructures, le modèle d’organisation de travail, et l’approche de production industrielle qu’ils reflètent ; ces usines, laboratoires et centrales sont au croisement de plusieurs questionnements artistiques. L’objectif principal de la présente thèse est d’analyser la possibilité d’une interaction entre l’art, la science, l’industrie mais aussi avec l’ institution académique au sein d’un projet de friche culturelle particulier réalisé à Istanbul en Turquie en mettant l’accent sur les retombées socio‐économiques d’une telle reconversion au niveau urbain. En partant de l’exemple unique de Santralistanbul ‐une initiative de l’université de Bilgi Istanbul qui a redonné vie à l’ancienne centrale électrique de Silahtarağa‐, il s’agit de mettreen lumière les particularités du projet et de se focaliser principalement sur ce qui concerne le domaine des arts du spectacle. / Since the 1950’s, the conversion of industrial wastelands constitute an important phenomenon in Europe. Even if it is more known as a movement of urban redevelopment, it also holds a particular meaning for today’s cultural and artistic practices. These huge (vast) spaces that were abandoned by science and industries of the modern era start to become the places of alternative expressions which are convenient for exchanges between art, industry and science of contemporary times. Thus, these memorial places‐ through their particular characteristics incarnate the entity of the western contemporary societies. Starting by their facilities, the model of organization of work, and the industrial production approach that they reflect; their factories, laboratories and centers are at the crossroads of several artistic questions. The major objective of this thesis is to analyze the possibility of an interaction between art, science, and industry but also academia within the project of a particular cultural wasteland realized in Istanbul in Turkey by putting the emphasis on social –economicalechoes of such a conversion at urban level. Observing the unique example of Santralistanbul – an initiative of Bilgi University that gave life again to the ancient electricity power station of Silahtaraga‐, the point is to highlight theparticularities of the project and to focus principally on the activities concerning the domain of performing arts.

L’urbanisation est reconnue comme la cause principale de l’homogénéisation biotique à grande échelle. L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de comprendre cette relation à une échelle locale dans une perspective d’assemblage des communautés. Des inventaires floristiques ont été effectués dans quatre microhabitats (haies, bases de mur, clôtures entretenues et non entretenues) et un mesohabitat (friches) répartis le long de trois niveaux locaux d’urbanisation dans les villes de Montréal et Québec. La richesse taxonomique et fonctionnelle ainsi que la diversité bêta taxonomique et fonctionnelle ont été comparées parmi les traitements (villes, niveaux locaux d’urbanisation, habitats). Nos résultats indiquent que l’urbanisation ne mène pas à l’homogénéisation régionale ou locale des communautés, et ce, dans la mesure où il n’y avait ni convergence dans la composition taxonomique entre les deux villes ni changement de diversité bêta le long du gradient d’urbanisation. Cependant, la ville la plus urbanisée (Montréal) présentait une diversité bêta inférieure à la ville la moins urbanisée (Québec), tandis que les habitats avec un niveau d’entretien faible étaient habituellement moins homogènes que les habitats avec un niveau d’entretien élevé. Finalement, nos résultats soulignent la nécessité d'établir des stratégies de conservation de la flore indigène dans les habitats semi-naturels en milieu urbain, puisque les espèces indigènes étaient fonctionnellement plus diversifiées entre les villes et au sein de celles-ci que l’étaient les espèces exotiques. / Urbanization is recognized as an important driver of broad scale biotic homogenization. This study aim is to understand this relation at local scale while integrating concepts of community assembly. Species plant composition was surveyed along three levels of local urbanization in four microhabitats (hedgerows, wall bases, maintained and unmaintained fences) and in one mesohabitat (wastelands) within Montréal and Québec cities. We compared species and functional richness as well as taxonomic and functional beta diversity among treatments (cities, local levels of urbanization, habitats). Our results did not support homogenization associated with urbanization at either large or local scales, as we did not find any convergence in plant composition between cities nor any change of beta diversity along the urbanization gradient within cities. However, the overall most urbanized city (Montréal) had lower beta diversity than the less urbanized one (Québec) while highly managed habitats were usually more homogeneous than the less managed ones. Finally, our results stress the need to establish conservation strategies of native flora in semi-natural habitats in urban areas since we demonstrated that native species in wastelands were functionally more diverse between cities than exotic species.