Arbetet har svarat mot frågan om hur ett befäls arbetssituation ser ut i dag på bryggan och hur den mängd regler och riktlinjer som finns för vaktgående befäl påverkar hans förmåga att framföra fartyget på ett säkert sätt. För att studera detta har en litteraturstudie utförts där vi studerat transportstyrelsens utgivna haverirapporter samt forskning inom områdena om mänskliga faktorn, fartygsorganisation och sjösäkerhet.   Det som framkommit under arbetets gång är att manskapet ombord de senaste åren allt mer har fått ge vika till förmån för teknik men då reglerna inte följt med i tempot kan det vara så att fartyg i dag inte uppfyller kraven för minimibesättning. Även om vi kan påvisa att befälen har en hög arbetsbelastning går det inte att se varför de handlat som de gjort vid olyckstillfällena. Vidare har konstaterats att det finns utrymme för framtida forskning i ämnet där man exempelvis kan se över hur haverirapporterna är utformade. / This work answered the question about how the situation is today on the bridge for the nautical officers and how the amount of rules and guidelines that exists affects his ability to manoeuvre the ship in a safe way. To study this we have performed a literature study where we studied the Swedish Transport Agency’s published accident investigation reports as well as research in the fields of human error, shipping organization and safety at sea.   Our findings show that the crew on board has been reduced due to technical advancement. However, the rules have not followed the same pace and therefore today’s ships may not fulfil the requirements of minimum manning on board. Although we can tell that the officers have an increased workload we cannot see why they have acted as they did at the time of the accidents. It can also be shown that there is a need for future research where, for example, studies on how the accident investigation reports are designed.

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This thesis examines how new maritime nations, which are engaged in the export of seafaring labour, need to respond to the demands of the international maritime industry. In particular, traditional maritime nations are calling for greater internationalisation of maritime education and training. The global labour market for seafarers, which is dominated by employers from traditional maritime nations, demands internationally minded graduates. China’s response to these demands for quality labour exports from new maritime nations is the subject of exploration in this thesis. Within the specific context of Maritime English teaching and learning, a significant opportunity for innovation and change is identified. The research took the form of an international collaborative education project in pursuit of the following question: What teaching and learning development opportunities are there for improving the communicative competence of Chinese Navigation officers? The author of this thesis, formally a seafarer, is a teaching practitioner in higher education in the UK. For the purposes of this thesis, the author became a visi ting researcher, and later a teaching practitioner, at the case maritime higher education institution in China. Becoming a member of the teaching staff at the host institution was a necessary step in order to establish and carry out teaching practitioner -led research as a member of a professional learning community. The aim of this professional learning community has been to collaborate on a Maritime English teaching development project. This development work has since continued beyond this PhD study into a commercially funded project, which demonstrates the necessity and timeliness of the research. This thesis sets out to report on the collaborative process of an international education development project as it was experienced. Research was carried out over a 15.5 month period spent in-situ at the case institution. The institution was selected as it is the most influential maritime university in China in terms of national maritime higher education policy reform, due it being under the direct authority of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China rather than the Ministry of Education, as is the case with other universities. The author had to work very hard to overcome a number of cultural issues to become accepted as a teaching practitioner in the research setting. Once accepted as a participant researcher, research-based professionalism founded on previous teacher training and experience allowed for a living theory approach to improving both own teaching practice and that of new-found colleagues. The outcomes of this PhD study are multiple: The ethnographic account of the development process in the form of this PhD thesis. The establishment of a professional learning community between teaching practitioners and continued research and development work. The local teaching and learning innovation in the form of a new content and language integrated syllabus for Maritime English teaching, suitable for Chinese learners at maritime higher education institutions. The continued collaboration between an industry stakeholder and the local teaching practitioners in the further development of a new Maritime English syllabus and accompanying teaching resources to ensure that it meets the needs of employers. As understanding grew of how Chinese maritime higher education institutions are preparing their students for employment in the global labour market for seafarers, the research objectives emerged while in-situ. The aim of the research centred on working with local teaching practitioners and industry stakeholders to improve the quality of maritime education graduates’ transferable skills, in terms of their intercultural communicative competence. The key feature of the study was to collaboratively identify teaching and learning development opportunities for improving the preparedness of Chinese maritime higher education graduates to work in a safety critical environment, where they will need to communicate effectively in English. The internationalisation of the Maritime English syllabus, and the wider Navigation curriculum, through content and language integrated learning and teaching is the main recommendation of this thesis. The evidence presented in this thesis has led to the conclusion that this curriculum intervention is necessary for improving the transferable skills of Chinese Maritime Higher Education graduates. The content and language integrated learning approach to teaching was found to offer Chinese maritime higher education institutions with a solution to boost intercultural communicative competence in meeting the demands of the international maritime industry for professionally skilled, and competent-in-English seafarers for labour export.

Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (BNWAS) blev implementerat i the International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS) år 2009. Sedan dess har olika typer av fartyg haft längre eller kortare tid på sig att installera systemet ombord. Navigatörer har utryckt både positiva och negativa synpunkter på systemet. Syftet med studien var att få en uppfattning om hur implementeringen av BNWAS har utvecklats praktiskt inom sjöfarten. För att undersöka detta har haverirapporter granskats innan samt efter implementeringen. Resultatet från detta har jämförts med tidigare implementeringar inom samma område. Data har sedan kvantitativt och kvalitativt analyserats. Resultaten tyder på att implementeringen av BNWAS har stött på samma problem som liknande implementeringar gjort tidigare. De slutsatser som dragits utifrån dessa resultat var att implementeringen av BNWAS kunde ha gjorts på ett bättre sätt om lärdomar från tidigare implementeringar tagits med i utvecklingen av implementeringen. Studien visade att grundstötningar har minskat i den undersökta haverikommissionens utredningar. / BNWAS was implemented in SOLAS, chapter V in 2009. Since that year, different types of ships have had different time schedules to install the system onboard. Navigational watch keepers have expressed both positive and negative attitudes towards the system and the operation of it. The purpose was to shed light upon how the implementetion of BNWAS has developed practically at the end users. The purpose of the study has been fulfilled through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Accident investigation reports both before and after the implementation were examined togheter with examinations and reviews of earlier studies regarding questions about implementation. This work was done to reach the goal of the study with a reliable result. These results implied that the implementation had encountered the same problems as earlier implementations (in the same area) had. They also showed that groundings of ships occured in the same way both before and after the implementation. The conclusions was that the implementation of BNWAS could have been developed more smoothly if the problems from earlier implementations had been accounted for. The groundings have however been reduced significantly since the implementation, whether it is due to the implementation or something else is still to be found out with a more comprehensive study.