Master´s thesis is about hot water distribution with using of heating cables. This work is divided into three parts. First part is main function of heating cables, second part is about solution and suggestion of water supply, including hot water heater in two different objects. Important thing is difference a variant of the heating cable and without it. The last part is experimental, whose task is to verify the properties of the cable.

This theses deals with large objects heating issue, more precisely, heating of industrial halls. The theses focuses primarily on the most effective way of heating, given the economical and hygienical functionality of the object. Heating options of the object and selection of the most appropriate one, according to the specified documents, are also mentioned in this work.

The aim of this thesis is to design the heating system for the house, including the design and calculating the required quantity of heat for hot water. The specified heat sources are the heat pump air to water and solid fuel boiler. The task was to design the heating system to the fastest possible return on investment. The initial investment in a heat pump is high so it is necessary to design the heating system as efficiently as possible. The thesis contains a complete project of calculating heat loss of the building, the design of heating surfaces and their heat-technical calculation. There is included the design of the pipe system, the calculation of pressure loss and its regulation. The thesis also includes design of safety equipment, temperature regulation and drawings. On the basis of calculated data was processed economic assessment, which determines the return on investment to the heat pump. Compared to the gas condensing boiler the return on investment will ideally be after five years.

This diploma thesis describes the detailed design of heating and hot water heating for a family quest-house. At first the reader is introduced to the designed building, its design and construction elements. The thesis presents the calculation procedure and design of the heating system. This consists of designing radiators, the heat source, the circulating pumps, regulations of the heating system and the design of its security elements. The thesis also describes the design of the heat exchanger for hot water and security. In conclusion, an evaluation of operating costs with the recommended solution for their reduction. The thesis also includes drawing documentation of structural drawings, heating and unrolled schema that is mentioned in the attachment.

Rostoucí světová poptávka po méně efektivních zdrojích energie vede ke zvýšení zájmu o kogenerační technologie v sektoru domácností. Pomocí této technologie lze významně snižovat množství znečišťujících látek emitovaných při výrobě elektřiny a tepla pro domácnosti. Kogenerační systémy v sektoru domácností nabízí možnost produkce jak užitného tepla a elektřiny z jednoho zdroje paliva, např. motorové nafty či zemního plynu. Tato práce se zaměřuje na analýzu možností užití kogeneračních a tri-generačních technologií ke zlepšení efektivity využití primárního zdroje energie, zejména v zemích severní Afriky. První část práce se orientuje na obecné definice v oblasti elektroenergetiky, aktuální i budoucí výhled energetické bilance v Libyi. Následující kapitoly se věnují kogeneračním a tri-generačních systémům, jejich charakteristikám se zaměřením na technické parametry, výhodám a nevýhodám těchto systémů a jejich dalšímu rozvoji. Hlavní část práce se zabývá problematikou spotřeby typických rodinných domů ve třech nejdůležitějších městech Libye. Dále předkládá citlivostní analýzu, která je zaměřená na výpočet množství energie vyžadované k pokrytí energetických potřeb typického domu (vytápění, ohřev vody a klimatizace) a porovnání naplnění těchto potřeb při uvažování technických a ekonomických hledisek. Výsledky práce budou využity pro tvorbu pokladů pro Libyjské energetické úřady.

This diploma thesis deals with sanitation installations in residential building in Brno. The theoretical part is devoted to the analysis of the topic with emphasis on Individual ways of preparation hot water in residential buildings. Technical part then solves the sanitation instalations of this building in the selected variation. Calculation part contains design and proportions of sewerage and rainwater system, internal water installations and their connection to present technical networks. I tis a multi-story building with two underground floors used for parking and five floors designed for housing. Project was done according to current Czech and Europe standarts and regulations.

Masters’s thesis describes the use of solar energy for solar thermal systems used for domestic hot water heating. It is about the size of the incident solar radiation on Earth. Distributes various types of solar collectors for water heating. It deals with the monitoring, remote management of this system and the design of optimal control used in this area.

In view of the fact that most of the synthetic refrigerants, in case of leakage or release, are harmful to the environment by contributing in global warming or depleting stratospheric ozone layer, many research works have been done recently to find alternative refrigerants posing no or negligible threat to the environment. Among alternative refrigerants, ammonia, a natural refrigerant with zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), can be a sensible choice.Although ammonia has been used for many years in large industrial systems, its application in small units is rare. In this project a small heat pump with about 7 kW heating capacity at -5 °C and +40 °C evaporation and condensation temperatures is designed and built to work with ammonia as refrigerant. The heat pump is expected to produce enough heat to keep a single-family house warm in Sweden and to provide tap hot water for the house. After successful completion of this project, it is planned to install the heat pump in a house to test it throughout a heating season to study its performance in real working conditions.Since ammonia is flammable and toxic in high concentrations, the refrigerant charge is tried to be kept low in the heat pump to reduce the risk of fire or poisoning in case of unwanted release of refrigerant to the surroundings. The compact design of the heat pump helps reducing the refrigerant charge. Besides, considering the limited space normally reserved for installation of a heat pump in a house, the compact design of the heat pump is necessary.

Solar energy is of huge interest due to the current situation with global warming. A number of solar technologies have been developed, such as photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and solar water heating systems, to name a few. However, the technologies are being slowly implemented, and Botswana, with generous amounts of sun, is particularly suitable for solar energy. The opportunities were investigated due to the overwhelming and horrifying warnings echoed by many of the world's scientists regarding global warming. First, a handful of solar technologies were thoroughly investigated. A field study at Gakgatla village was then conducted, where the locals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed, and solutions were suggested based on the identified needs of the locals. The biggest challenges identified were the lack of electricity in many of the households, parental figures not being supportive of the children's education, and theft. Additionally, many locals cooked with firewood. The most helpful solution but difficult to implement is photovoltaic panels. Solar water heating systems would also be helpful to the locals who predominantly had cold water. Additionally, solar cookers could help minimize exposure to hazardous smoke. Lastly, solar lamps could help students study during nighttime. Some locals also showed huge enthusiasm for what the future partnership with Botho University will bring. It is encouraged to develop a prototype of a solar cooker, particularly the parabolic solar cooker, in order to install solar cookers in Gakgatla village. Solar dryers would also greatly benefit the locals and are also suggested developments. Both of the mentioned solutions would help minimize the locals' exposure to the hazards of cooking with firewood. The solar dryers will also help eliminate bacteria by drying the food in a protected space inside a container.

A dissertação utiliza a pesquisa como método experimental e investigativo para identificar os fatores condicionantes para a definição da infraestrutura de aquecimento de água para banho (gás, elétrico e solar térmico) nas edificações residenciais de interesse popular, construídas no município de São Paulo. A partir das informações de três projetos e do dimensionamento da infraestrutura de cada opção, determinam-se seus custos para um projeto típico, exclusivamente para o aquecimento de água para banho. Também são determinados os custos de aquisição, instalação, infraestrutura e operação de cada configuração. O método Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) é utilizado para comparar financeiramente diversas alternativas. Os resultados permitem avaliar o interesse na realização de infraestruturas combinadas de forma a possibilitar a qualquer momento a utilização de aparelhos instantâneos, elétrico ou a gás, com ou sem o apoio solar térmico. Essa infraestrutura combinada permite a liberdade de escolha ao usuário, de forma individual e a qualquer momento, do aquecimento de água para banho, tendo em vista o seu custo benefício, eventualmente associadas às oportunidades oferecidas pelas distribuidoras de energias e/ou pelos fabricantes de aparelhos e/ou políticas públicas. Os resultados alcançados apresentam importantes dados para subsidiar discussões e análises comparativas, estabelecendo os caminhos para orientar a escolha da infraestrutura. / The paper uses research as investigative and experimental method to identify the factors responsible for the definition of infrastructure for bathing water heating (gas, electric and solar thermal) in residential buildings of popular interest, built in São Paulo. Based on the information from three projects and the sizing of the infrastructure of each of them, the costs for a typical project exclusively for bathing water heating, are determined. Besides that, are also determined, the costs of acquisition, installation, infrastructure and operation of each configuration. The method - Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is used to compare the various financial alternatives. The results allow to evaluate the interest in carrying out infrastructures combined to enable anytime instant use of appliance, electric or gas, with or without the solar thermal support. This combined infrastructure allows the user free choice, individually and at any time, for heating water for bathing, in view of its cost benefit, possibly combined with the opportunities offered by energy distributors and / or the device manufacturers and / or public policy. The results present relevant data to support comparative discussion and analysis, setting ways to guide the choice of infrastructure.