Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115).

Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. / Includes bibliographies. Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Montana, 2008. / Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 26, 2009. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. / Bibliography: leaves 208-236. Also available online.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

The majority of South Africa’s fresh water (lotic and lentic), is eutrophic and this has resulted in water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solms. (Pontederiaceae) becoming South Africa’s most damaging aquatic macrophyte. Recently however, concerns have also been voiced over the presence of highly invasive submerged macrophyte species, such as Eurasian water-milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae) in the Vaal River. Interaction studies between floating and submerged macrophytes have shown that floating macrophyte dominance restricts light penetration into the water column shading out submerged macrophytes while submerged macrophyte dominance reduces nutrient availability in the water column limiting floating macrophyte growth. This cycle ensures that these species cannot coexist in the same habitat for extended periods of time. The aims of this thesis were to: 1. Investigate changes in the historical and current macrophyte dominance in the Vaal River 2. Determine whether these changes could be attributed to stochastic events, such as floods and herbicide control measures. 3. The physio-chemical conditions of the water column, and whether pressure from herbivory by macroinvertebrates had possibly influenced Eurasian water-milfoil’s ability to dominate. Spatial and temporal analysis of satellite imagery revealed that water hyacinth and submerged macrophyte species dominated different regions of the study area over different periods of time from 2006 to 2010. This was significantly correlated with nitrate concentrations of the water column. One of the lower Vaal River Water Management Areas (WMA) had changed from a water hyacinth dominated state in 2006 to an alternative submerged macrophyte dominated stable state in 2008. It was concluded that this change could be attributed to: a stochastic flooding event in 2006; perturbation from integrated control measures implemented against water hyacinth; and low nitrate concentrations of the WMA. The lack of any substantial macroinvertebrate herbivory pressure or control measures implemented against Eurasian water-milfoil, compared to similar surveys conducted in the U.S.A. and its native range in Eurasia was shown to contribute to its dominance. Future successful integrated control programmes, including biological control against Eurasian water-milfoil, could provide the perturbation required to restore the ecosystem. However, without the reduction in nitrate concentration levels, water hyacinth will remain the dominant stable state of the rest of the Vaal River.

CAPES / Uma das grandes preocupações atuais é referente à qualidade das águas dos corpos aquáticos. A Bacia hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu, considerada uma das mais significativas bacias do estado do Paraná, segundo a Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente, tem sido apontada como um ambiente que está sofrendo marcantes alterações nas suas características físicas, biológicas e químicas. Isso ocorre, principalmente, devido à presença de águas residuárias industriais e domésticas incidindo na mesma, fazendo com que todo seu entorno e a população, dependente de suas águas, sejam afetadas. Este estudo teve por finalidade a caracterização física e química, da matéria orgânica dissolvida e a determinação de poluentes ambientais, como os fármacos, nas águas da Bacia do Alto Iguaçu. Os ambientes que foram monitorados localizam-se na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e são os rios Belém, Barigui, Iguaçu, Iraí e Atuba. Esses rios sofrem grande influência da urbanização da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e encontram-se em uma situação crítica, considerando a qualidade de suas águas. Foram realizadas quatro amostragens nestes rios, onde foi possível observar com o presente estudo a forte influência por esgoto não tratado devido aos altos valores dos nutrientes (Namoniacal e ortofosfato) e matéria orgânica, com indício de fonte antrópica. Para a detecção e quantificação dos fármacos foi adaptada uma metodologia para a simultânea extração de ibuprofeno, paracetamol e diclofenaco, tanto na forma dissolvida na água como na matriz sedimento. Os fármacos analisados foram detectados com frequência em todas as amostragens realizadas, principalmente na forma dissolvida aonde chegou a ter picos de concentração de 729 ng.L-1 de ibuprofeno e 369 ng.L-1 de paracetamol, respectivamente, ambos no rio Belém e na coleta 1. Já o diclofenaco chegou a 317 ng.L-1 na terceira coleta realizada no ponto do rio Iguaçu. Nos sedimentos a maior parte ficou abaixo dos limites de detecção, o que está de acordo, pois os compostos aqui avaliados apresentam propriedades hidrofílicas. De uma forma geral, o rio Iguaçu, o principal rio da Bacia hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu reflete o resultado de toda a contaminação encontrada nos rio Atuba, Iraí e Belém, devido à alta carga poluidora que esses rios despejam nele. / A major concern today is related to water quality of water bodies. The Upper Iguaçu Watershed, one of the most significant watersheds in Paraná’s state, according to State Department of Environment, has been appointed as an environment that is undergoing remarkable changes in their physical, biological and chemical characteristics. This occurs, mainly, by the incidence of domestic and industrial wastewater, affecting the entire surrounding environment and the population dependent on this water. This study aimed at the physical and chemical characterization, the dissolved organic matter and the determination of environmental pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, in the waters of the Upper Iguaçu. The environments that were monitored in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba are the rivers Belém, Barigui, Iguaçu, Iraí and Atuba. These rivers are suffering significant influence of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba’s urbanization and they are in a critical situation, considering the quality of their waters. Four sampling were taken in these rivers, where them were possible to observe the influence by untreated sewage with high nutrient values (N-ammoniacal and orthophosphate) and organic matter, with evidence of anthropogenic sources. For detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals were adjusted a method of simultaneous extraction of ibuprofen, paracetamol and diclofenac, as much in dissolved form in water as sediment matrix. These pharmaceuticals were frequently detected in all samples taken, especially dissolved were found maximum concentration of 729 ng.L-1 and 369 ng.L-1 of ibuprofen and paracetamol, respectively, both on Belém river and in first sampling. Already the diclofenac was found of 317 ng.L-1 in the third sampling of the Iguaçu river’s sites. In the sediments, most were below detection limits, what is in accordance, because the compounds evaluated have hydrophilic properties. In general, the problems found in the Iguaçu river, one of the major rivers of the state of Parana, are the result of contamination found in the rivers Atuba, Iraí and Belém, due to high pollution load in these rivers.

CAPES / Uma das grandes preocupações atuais é referente à qualidade das águas dos corpos aquáticos. A Bacia hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu, considerada uma das mais significativas bacias do estado do Paraná, segundo a Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente, tem sido apontada como um ambiente que está sofrendo marcantes alterações nas suas características físicas, biológicas e químicas. Isso ocorre, principalmente, devido à presença de águas residuárias industriais e domésticas incidindo na mesma, fazendo com que todo seu entorno e a população, dependente de suas águas, sejam afetadas. Este estudo teve por finalidade a caracterização física e química, da matéria orgânica dissolvida e a determinação de poluentes ambientais, como os fármacos, nas águas da Bacia do Alto Iguaçu. Os ambientes que foram monitorados localizam-se na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e são os rios Belém, Barigui, Iguaçu, Iraí e Atuba. Esses rios sofrem grande influência da urbanização da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e encontram-se em uma situação crítica, considerando a qualidade de suas águas. Foram realizadas quatro amostragens nestes rios, onde foi possível observar com o presente estudo a forte influência por esgoto não tratado devido aos altos valores dos nutrientes (Namoniacal e ortofosfato) e matéria orgânica, com indício de fonte antrópica. Para a detecção e quantificação dos fármacos foi adaptada uma metodologia para a simultânea extração de ibuprofeno, paracetamol e diclofenaco, tanto na forma dissolvida na água como na matriz sedimento. Os fármacos analisados foram detectados com frequência em todas as amostragens realizadas, principalmente na forma dissolvida aonde chegou a ter picos de concentração de 729 ng.L-1 de ibuprofeno e 369 ng.L-1 de paracetamol, respectivamente, ambos no rio Belém e na coleta 1. Já o diclofenaco chegou a 317 ng.L-1 na terceira coleta realizada no ponto do rio Iguaçu. Nos sedimentos a maior parte ficou abaixo dos limites de detecção, o que está de acordo, pois os compostos aqui avaliados apresentam propriedades hidrofílicas. De uma forma geral, o rio Iguaçu, o principal rio da Bacia hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu reflete o resultado de toda a contaminação encontrada nos rio Atuba, Iraí e Belém, devido à alta carga poluidora que esses rios despejam nele. / A major concern today is related to water quality of water bodies. The Upper Iguaçu Watershed, one of the most significant watersheds in Paraná’s state, according to State Department of Environment, has been appointed as an environment that is undergoing remarkable changes in their physical, biological and chemical characteristics. This occurs, mainly, by the incidence of domestic and industrial wastewater, affecting the entire surrounding environment and the population dependent on this water. This study aimed at the physical and chemical characterization, the dissolved organic matter and the determination of environmental pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, in the waters of the Upper Iguaçu. The environments that were monitored in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba are the rivers Belém, Barigui, Iguaçu, Iraí and Atuba. These rivers are suffering significant influence of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba’s urbanization and they are in a critical situation, considering the quality of their waters. Four sampling were taken in these rivers, where them were possible to observe the influence by untreated sewage with high nutrient values (N-ammoniacal and orthophosphate) and organic matter, with evidence of anthropogenic sources. For detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals were adjusted a method of simultaneous extraction of ibuprofen, paracetamol and diclofenac, as much in dissolved form in water as sediment matrix. These pharmaceuticals were frequently detected in all samples taken, especially dissolved were found maximum concentration of 729 ng.L-1 and 369 ng.L-1 of ibuprofen and paracetamol, respectively, both on Belém river and in first sampling. Already the diclofenac was found of 317 ng.L-1 in the third sampling of the Iguaçu river’s sites. In the sediments, most were below detection limits, what is in accordance, because the compounds evaluated have hydrophilic properties. In general, the problems found in the Iguaçu river, one of the major rivers of the state of Parana, are the result of contamination found in the rivers Atuba, Iraí and Belém, due to high pollution load in these rivers.

Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T07:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_FranciscodeAssis_D.pdf: 3569840 bytes, checksum: 5e06031d683370f4af03e905fa70db46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O modelo brasileiro de gestão de recursos hídricos tem sido apresentado aos usuários de água como uma panacéia. Ou seja: como solução para todos problemas relacionados a água, que já afetam o país de norte a sul. Já se passou mais de uma década desde a implantação deste modelo na RMSP e infelizmente a melhoria na qualidade das águas disponíveis, nem de longe foi alcançada neste período. Nos últimos 15 anos, interlocutores de setores da sociedade civil, do estado, da indústria e do mercado vêm se dedicando ao desenvolvimento e implementação dos instrumentos de gestão preconizados pela norma, porém ainda não foram equacionados os graves problemas que a relativa escassez de água acarreta periodicamente à metrópole paulistana. O presente trabalho analisa uma parte substancial desses instrumentos, bem como as proposituras dos atores acima mencionados e já transformadas em normas, relatórios e projetos para esta região. Concomitantemente a esta análise, resgatam-se referenciais teóricos das últimas décadas do século passado, no intuito de mostrar que, tanto a visão norteadora dos modelos de gestão atuais está abrigada nestes referenciais, quanto os diagnósticos que eles produziram, em pouco se diferenciam daqueles apresentados agora, em relação aos recursos naturais e em particular as águas. Apresenta exemplos de experiências no setor de gestão de águas, vividas por países como França, Alemanha, Inglaterra/País de Gales, Holanda, México, Estados Unidos e Brasil, onde, embora as características fisiográficas sejam muito diferentes, o emprego dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos busca os mesmos objetivos - ou seja, melhorar e manter a qualidade da água de modo a atender as demandas pelo recurso. Depois de apresentar essas experiências e de mostrar que os fundamentos do modelo de gestão encontram-se abrigados na produção intelectual do fim do século passado, analisa as normas e as iniciativas brasileiras no setor. Análise esta que leva o autor a concluir que os agentes responsáveis pela implementação do modelo brasileiro, têm sido muito eficientes na montagem e/ou adaptação das instituições do setor. No entanto, os resultados até agora obtidos, em matéria de controle sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água, apenas demonstram quão baixa é a eficácia do modelo. / Abstract: The new Brazilian model of water management has been presented to the public opinion as a new panacea. It is intended to be the solution to all problems associated with water from North to South of the Country. Meanwhile, after more than a decade of applying this model to the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City the results are poor since we can not say that there no improvement in the quality of available water. Legally, the Brazilian Water Management Model was created 15 years ago, but to be applied in practice it depends on a series of complementary regulations. Over the last years, professionals and academics from the society, State, industry and market have joined forces to put pressure on government to implement these regulations. Even with the application of these complementary regulations, the model has been unable in solving the problem of water scarcity in the city of São Paulo. The present thesis analyzes a significant part of these water managerial instruments (created regulations) as well as proposals from society, Government and market that are already in practice in the form of reports and projects. At the same time of this analysis, this study brings the theoretical referential of the last three decades of last century with the objective of showing that the way of thinking of the last decades is the very same one present in the current water policy. This work presents some examples of experiences in the sector of water management from countries like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Holland, Mexico, United States and Brazil. Although these countries have different physiographic features, they have a common focus: keep on or even improve the water quality in order to keep the supply of this resource to society. After the presentation of these experiences and showing that the fundaments of the current water policy comes from the 20th century, this work analyzes some topics the water Law as well as some Brazilian initiatives for this strategic sector. The author concludes that public agents responsible for implementing the Brazilian model have been efficient in the elaboration reports and creation and/or adaptation of institutions of this sector. But, as yet, the results are poor in terms of improving the quality and quantity of water, and this demonstrates the inefficiency of the current model. / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências

Understanding how humans and ecosystems interact across landscapes is an importantchallenge for the development of sustainable societies. Human dominated landscapes arefrequently heterogeneous in their distribution of ecosystems and the associated goods andservices. It can be difficult to create management strategies that cater to diverse demandsfrom different resource managers, while at the same time promoting healthy functioningof ecosystems held in common. I use a social network perspective to analyze howmunicipal management units connect to each other with regards to a water resource intwo watersheds in Québec, Canada. I test the importance of collaborative network ties formunicipalities’ engagement in water quality management activities. I assess ifmunicipalities with different ecosystems, namely agriculture and tourism, engagedifferently in water quality management activities and if they have different socialnetworks. I assess the role of third party actor groups such as Government Ministries andNon-Governmental Organizations that connect municipalities across the diverselandscape. Third party actor groups are instrumental in connecting municipalities acrossa diverse landscape. Municipalities with ecosystems facilitating tourism have morecollaborative ties in the water quality management network and are more engaged inwater quality management activities than municipalities managing for agriculturalproduction. An asymmetry in collaborations and activity engagement for water qualitymanagement has implications for the capacity of the region to encourage basin scalewater management.