• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Eucalyptus species with different levels of water stress tolerance / Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e espécies de Eucalyptus com diferentes níveis de tolerância ao estresse hídrico

Lopes, Bruna Andréia de Bacco 08 August 2019 (has links)
Eucalyptus species account for almost 80% of the forests planted in Brazil, which makes silviculture an activity of great importance in the national and international scenario. Despite its adaptability, Eucalyptus is subject to damages caused by climate change, especially the water deficit. Most plants have survival strategies in water deficit situations. Association with mycorrhizal fungi (FM) is one of them, since they increase water and nutrients uptake by the roots. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the colonization of mycorrhizal fungi in six Eucalyptus species with different levels of drought tolerance: E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. cloeziana, E. grandis and E. urophylla. Two trials were carried out, one in the field and another in a greenhouse. In the greenhouse, the substrate of the pots were submitted to different levels of water retention, 50, 75 and 100% of the field capacity, for three months. In the field, soil and roots were sampled at two different periods: after the dry period and after the rainy season. The soil samples and fine roots collected from the two experiments were submitted to microbiological and molecular analyses. AMF root colonization was evaluated. The ITS genes were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the fungal community structure by restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP). Among the eucalypt species studied, E. urophylla presented higher colonization in both trials. Soil microbial activity was strongly affected by soil moisture. The fungal community structure did not differ clearly among the treatments. Age of plants and soil moisture seemed to affect the plant species more than levels of water stress tolerance. / As espécies de eucalipto respondem por quase 80% das florestas plantadas no Brasil, o que faz da silvicultura uma atividade de grande importância no cenário nacional e internacional. Apesar de sua adaptabilidade, o eucalipto está sujeito a danos que as alterações climáticas podem causar, especialmente o déficit hídrico. A maioria das plantas possui estratégias de sobrevivência em situações de déficit hídrico. A associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) é uma delas, pois aumenta a absorção de água e nutrientes pelas raízes. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a colonização de fungos micorrízicos em seis espécies de Eucalyptus com diferentes níveis de tolerância à seca: E. brassiana, E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. cloeziana, E. grandis e E. urophylla. Dois ensaios foram realizados: um no campo e outro em casa de vegetação. Em casa de vegetação, os vasos foram submetidos a diferentes níveis de água: 50, 75 e 100% da capacidade de campo, por três meses. No campo, as amostras foram coletadas em dois períodos diferentes: após o período seco e após a estação chuvosa. As amostras de solo e raízes finas coletadas nos dois experimentos foram submetidas à análise microbiológica e molecular. A colonização da raiz por FMA foi avaliada. Os genes ITS foram analisados por PCR quantitativo (qPCR) e a estrutura da comunidade fúngica por polimorfismo de fragmentos de restrição (T-RFLP). Dentre as espécies estudadas, E. urophylla apresentou maior colonização em ambos os ensaios. A atividade microbiana do solo foi fortemente afetada pela umidade do solo. A estrutura da comunidade fúngica não se diferenciou claramente entre os tratamentos. A idade das plantas e a umidade do solo parecem ter maior efeito no desempenho das espécies de eucalipto do que seu nível de tolerância ao estresse hídrico.
2

Eficiência de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus no aumento da tolerância de arroz vermelho à deficiência hídrica durante a fase reprodutiva / Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus efficiency in increased red rice tolerance to water stress during the reproductive phase

Filgueiras, Luanna Maria Beserra 06 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-11T12:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Luanna Maria Beserra Filgueiras.pdf: 2913334 bytes, checksum: 8f13c8220c27b118507f2a88b269b9bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-12T17:21:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Luanna Maria Beserra Filgueiras.pdf: 2913334 bytes, checksum: 8f13c8220c27b118507f2a88b269b9bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T17:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Luanna Maria Beserra Filgueiras.pdf: 2913334 bytes, checksum: 8f13c8220c27b118507f2a88b269b9bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Despite being virtually unknown to most Brazilians, red rice has been mainly grown by small farmers in the Brazilian Northeast, having great economic and social importance. The use of plant growth promoting bacteria can be a viable alternative to assist in the development of plants under stress conditions through the production of phytohormones and biological nitrogen fixation, which act to reduce the negative effects that stress can cause in the development of the plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluat growth, ecophysiological, biochemical and productive aspects of red rice plants inoculated with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus under water stress. The experiment was carried out with the red rice cultivation (genotype 405 EMBRAPA Meio Norte) inoculated with G. diazotrophicus and not inoculated with and without water restriction. A completely randomized design was used with 8 treatments and 4 replications, where each plot consisted of a lysimeter containing 60 plants. We evaluated growth variables (plant height, leaf area, biomass), ecophysiological variables (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence), biochemical variables (photosynthetic pigments, proline, glycine betaine and MDA) and production variables (number of panicles per plant, dry matter of 1000 grains and total mass production). Inoculated and unnon-inoculated red rice under different water contents in the soil (70%, 50% and 30%) showed variation in all variables, except for Y(NPQ). During water restriction increases were observed in proline, glycine betaine, internal carbon concentration (Ci), intrinsic water use efficiency (EiUA) and quantum yield of unregulated dissipation (Y(NO)) levels. After rehydration these values were reduced in the inoculated plants. The malondialdehyde (MDA) showed better results in non-inoculated plants. Productive components, such as weight of 1000 grains, panicle number per plant and total mass were also significant for the inoculated rice. Therefore, the inoculation with G. diazotrophicus, proved to be a potential tool to reduce water stress in red rice. / Apesar de ser praticamente desconhecido da maioria da população brasileira, o arroz vermelho vem sendo cultivado principalmente por pequenos agricultores da Região Nordeste do Brasil, tendo grande importância socioeconômico. O uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa viável ao auxiliar no desenvolvimento de plantas sob condições de estresse, devido ao estímulo à produção de fitohormônios e fixação biológica de nitrogênio, que atuam no sentido de reduzir os efeitos negativos que o estresse pode causar no desenvolvimento das plantas. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos de crescimento, ecofisiológicos, bioquímicos e produtivos em plantas de arroz vermelho inoculadas com Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus sob deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi realizado com o cultivo de arroz vermelho (genótipo 405 EMBRAPA Meio Norte), com lisímetros inoculados com G. diazotrophicus e não inoculados, com e sem condições de restrição hídrica. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições, onde cada parcela foi constituída de um lisímetro contendo 60 plantas. Foram avaliados variáveis de crescimento (altura de plantas, área foliar, fitomassa), ecofisiológicos (trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a), bioquímicas (pigmentos fotossintéticos, prolina, glicina betaína e Malondialdeído (MDA)) e produtivas (número de panículas por touceira, massa seca de 1000 grãos e massa da produção total). O arroz vermelho inoculado e não inoculado sob os níveis de porcentagem de água no solo (70%, 50% e 30%) apresentaram diferenças em todas as variáveis estudadas, menos para Y(NPQ) que foram iguais. Na restrição hídrica aumentaram os níveis de prolina, glicina betaína, concentração interna de carbono (Ci), eficiência intríseca do uso da água (EiUA), rendimento quântico de dissipação não-regulada (Y(NO)) e após a reidratação esses valores foram reduzidos nas plantas inoculadas. O malondialdeido (MDA) apresentou melhores resultados nas plantas não inoculadas. Os componentes produtivos como: peso de 1000 grãos, número de panículas por touceira e a massa da produção total também foram significativas para o arroz inoculado. A inoculação com a bactéria G. diazotrophicus, mostrou ser uma potencial ferramenta contra o estresse hídrico em arroz vermelho.
3

Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un QTL de développement racinaire détecté par GWAS dans une collection de variétés vietnamiennes de riz / Characterization of a QTL detected by GWAS and related to crown root development in Vietnamese rice collection

Nguyen, Le Khanh 30 November 2018 (has links)
Le riz est l'une des céréales les plus importantes au monde. Au Vietnam, le riz est également considéré comme un produit agronomique clé pour l'exportation. Cependant, le stress dû à la sécheresse menace la production de riz de plus en plus fréquemment et sur de plus longues périodes. Les racines coronaires constituent une partie importante du système racinaire du riz et jouent un rôle crucial dans le maintien du rendement en cas de sécheresse. Le nombre de racines coronaires affecte la biomasse de racines et détermine la capacité de la plante à extraire les ressources du sol. Un QTL de NRC, qNCR11, localisé sur le chromosome 11, avait été détecté dans une étude d’association précédente utilisant un panel de riz vietnamiens. Dans notre étude, son effet sur le NCR, léger, a été validé par cartographie de QTL en utilisant une population biparentale . Afin de déterminer les gènes sous-jacents à qNCR11 et régissant l'initiation et le développement des racines coronaires, une étude de séquençage du génome entier et une étude d'expression ont été réalisées. Deux gènes candidats, NCR2 (NBS-LRR) et NCR3 (OsbHLH014) ont été identifiés. NCR2 portait un SNP non synonyme dans son ORF, provoquant un codon stop prématuré corrélé avec un NCR élevé; NCR3 était moins exprimé dans les bases de la tige des plantes à haplotype NCR élevé que chez les plantes à haplotype NCR faible. Des mutations dans ces gènes ont été obtenues à l'aide du système CRISPR / Cas9 et le phénotypage des lignées obtenues est en cours. Le QTL qNCR11 à effet mineur pourrait être utile aux sélectionneurs pour produire des variétés de riz avec un NCR augmenté ou diminué pour les différents écosystèmes-cibles, afin de favoriser l'extraction de l'eau dans des conditions de sécheresse. / Rice is one of the most important cereals worldwide. In Vietnam, rice is also known as a key agronomic product for exportation. However, drought stresses threaten rice production with an increasing frequency and for longer periods. Crown roots are a major component of rice root system and play a crucial role in maintaining yield under drought. The number of crown roots (NCR) impacts on root biomass and determines the ability of a plant to acquire soil resources. qNCR11, a QTL for NCR located on chromosome 11, was detected in a previous genome-wide association study using a Vietnamese rice panel. qNCR11 was validated to have a slight effect on NCR by QTL mapping using a biparental population in this study. To determine the genes underlying qNCR11 and governing crown root initiation and development, whole genome sequencing and expression study were performed. Two candidate genes, NCR2 (NBS-LRR) and NCR3 (OsbHLH014) were identified. NCR2 carried a non-synonymous SNP inside its ORF, causing a premature stop-codon that correlates with the high NCR trait; NCR3 was less expressed in stem bases of the high NCR haplotype plants relative to the low NCR haplotype plants. Mutations in these genes were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the phenotyping of the obtained lines is on-going. The minor-effect qNCR11 could be useful for breeders to generate rice varieties with increased or decreased NCR for different target agro-systems, in order to enhance water extraction under drought stress.

Page generated in 0.113 seconds