Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo principal, a proposta de um sistema onde é possível avaliar abordagens diferentes para composição automática de Web services, baseando-se em parâmetros de QoS que dependem da execução para serem medidos. O objetivo foi atingido por meio da implementação de um sistema denominado AWSCS (Automatic Web Service Composition System). O AWSCS é um sistema onde é possível implementar abordagens diferentes para composição automática de Web services e também executar os fluxos resultantes dessas abordagens. Com o objetivo de demonstrar os resultados desta tese de doutorado, foram elaborados cenários, onde fluxos empíricos foram construídos para fazer a demonstração do funcionamento do AWSCS, uma vez que algoritmos para composição automática não foram encontrados para download na literatura. Com os resultados foi possível fazer um estudo do comportamento da execução de fluxos de Web services compostos, quando fluxos com mesma funcionalidade, mas estratégias de solução do problema diferentes foram comparados. Além disso, foi possível observar a influência das cargas aplicadas no sistema em execução, uma vez que o tipo de carga submetida ao sistema é um fator importante para se definir qual abordagem para composição de Web services pode levar ao melhor desempenho, de acordo com o ambiente e tipos de cargas que ele vai receber, quando em produção. / This PhD thesis has as main goal the propose of a system where it is possible to evaluate different approaches for automatic composition ofWeb services, based on QoS parameters that depend on the execution to be measured. The goal was reached by means of the implementation of a system named AWSCS (Automatic Web Service Composition System). The AWSCS is a system where it is possible to implement different approaches for automatic composition of Web services and also to execute the resulting flows from these approaches. Aiming at demonstrating the results of this PhD thesis different scenarios were developed, where empirical flows were built to demonstrate the operation of AWSCS, once algorithms for automatic composition were not found to download in the literature,. With the results it was possible to study the behavior of running composite Web services, when flows with the same functionality but different problem-solving strategies were compared. Furthermore it was possible to observe the influence of the load applied on the running system once the type of load submitted to the system is an important factor to define which approach for the Web service composition can take to the best performance according to the environment and types of load it will receive when in production.

Teleworking is the key to a more flexible design of working time and places of work. To reach the flexibility for working anywhere and anytime a virtual working environment is needed which is reached from any place having a browser and internet access, at home, on the road or in the office. The goal of our activities is to develop a set of technologies fitting in the web architecture in order to bring teleworking applications to their full potential. Our new concept is to combine different web services in a new integrated man-machine environment that enables access to all necessary services. So it will be easier for the teleworker to handle the different applications and techniques. The teleworking portal provides them access to various resources: office applications, multimedia objects and documents, communication tools such as email and conferences, collaboration and group work systems or educational software and training tools. In order to promote interoperability and extensibility among these applications, as well as to allow them to be combined to perform more complex operations, a standard reference architecture for such services is needed. Consequently our approach is based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the web service technology. / Telearbeit ist der Schlüssel zu einer flexibleren Arbeitsplatz- und Arbeitszeitgestaltung und eröffnet vielfältige Möglichkeiten und ökonomische Potentiale. Nach zahlreichen Kontroversen über die Vor- und Nachteile haben vor allem die Entwicklung kostengünstiger Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken, aber auch der Handlungsdruck einer zunehmend globalisierten Wirtschaft das Thema Telearbeit in den letzten Jahren neu belebt. Im Rahmen vorangegangener Projekte wurden vielfältige Forschungen zum Thema Telearbeit durchgeführt. Bei der bisherigen Umsetzung von Telearbeit in der Praxis ergaben sich vor allem Probleme im Umgang mit den verschiedenen Arbeitsumgebungen im Büro und am Telearbeitsplatz und dem Abgleich der Arbeitsstände und -ergebnisse. Ziel der Arbeit ist die prototypische Entwicklung einer webbasierten, flexiblen und modular aufgebauten Arbeitsumgebung, die eine effektive Anpassung an die Arbeitsweise des jeweiligen Telearbeiters und Unternehmens ermöglicht. Dabei wurde neben der Definition und Anforderungsanalyse von Telearbeit ein Architekturmodell für eine integrierte Arbeitsumgebung entworfen. Durch die umgesetzte Bausteinarchitektur wird eine flexible Anpassung der Umgebung an die Bedürfnisse der Telearbeiter und der Unternehmen erreicht. Weiterhin werden im Rahmen der Arbeit existierende Ansätze zur Unterstützung von Telearbeit analysiert und klassifiziert, um die eigene Arbeit abzugrenzen. Zur praktischen Umsetzung des Konzeptes wurden vorhandene internetbasierte Protokolle auf ihre Nutzbarkeit für Telearbeitsumgebungen untersucht. Als sehr gut geeignete und innovative Technologien erwiesen sich die Web Services. Deshalb werden die Basisprotokolle und grundlegenden Technologien für Web-Service-Lösungen im Rahmen der Arbeit spezifiziert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit im Telearbeitskontext untersucht. Abschließend erfolgte eine prototypische Umsetzung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung und eine Validierung in verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien, um die Praxistauglichkeit des Konzeptes nachweisen zu können.

Nos últimos anos, a tecnologia de Web Services vem sendo pesquisada nas mais diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a de gerenciamento de redes de computadores. A composição de serviços, uma nova funcionalidade surgida recentemente, parece ter a potencialidade de resolver diversos problemas de diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a área de gerenciamento de redes e seu respectivo protocolo padrão de facto, o SNMP. Através da composição de serviços, é possível construir serviços mais sofisticados, usando-se serviços mais simples como componentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a composição de Web Services aplicada ao gerenciamento de redes de computadores. Para tanto, modelos e padrões para composição foram estudados e uma arquitetura de composição, usando o padrão WS-BPEL, aplicada ao gerenciamento foi proposta. Tal arquitetura permite iniciar uma cadeia de ações de gerenciamento em gerentes de nível mais baixo baseados em Web Services através de uma única requisição Web Service. Para definir novas composições, uma ferramenta Web foi desenvolvida, a qual gera automaticamente o código WS-BPEL. Além disso, foram realizadas avaliações de desempenho para verificar o impacto na rede das composições. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que composições podem reduzir o tráfego gerado na rede junto à estação de gerenciamento, pois permitem concentrar diversas informações em uma única requisição Web Services. O tempo de resposta também pôde ser reduzido em algumas situações devido às requisições nativamente paralelas do WS-BPEL. / In the recent years, the Web Services technology has been researched in many areas of computer science, including computers network management. Service composition, a new feature recently raised, seems to have the potentiality to solve several problems in computer science, including the network management field and its Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Through service composition, it is possible to build up more sophisticated services using simpler services as components. Therefore, this work aims at investigating Web Services composition applied to network management. Towards this goal, models and standards for composition were reviewed and a WS-BPEL-based composition architecture devoted to management was proposed. Such architecture allows starting a chain of management actions on lowerlevel Web Services-based managers through only one Web Services request. In order to define new compositions, a Web-based tool was developed to automatically generate the WS-BPEL required code. In addition, performance evaluations were carried out in order to verify the compositions’ impact on the managed network. The results showed that compositions can reduce the management traffic in the surroundings of the management station by aggregating several information in only one Web Services request. Response time could also be decreased in some situations due to the native parallel requests of WS-BPEL.

Nos últimos anos, a tecnologia de Web Services vem sendo pesquisada nas mais diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a de gerenciamento de redes de computadores. A composição de serviços, uma nova funcionalidade surgida recentemente, parece ter a potencialidade de resolver diversos problemas de diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a área de gerenciamento de redes e seu respectivo protocolo padrão de facto, o SNMP. Através da composição de serviços, é possível construir serviços mais sofisticados, usando-se serviços mais simples como componentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a composição de Web Services aplicada ao gerenciamento de redes de computadores. Para tanto, modelos e padrões para composição foram estudados e uma arquitetura de composição, usando o padrão WS-BPEL, aplicada ao gerenciamento foi proposta. Tal arquitetura permite iniciar uma cadeia de ações de gerenciamento em gerentes de nível mais baixo baseados em Web Services através de uma única requisição Web Service. Para definir novas composições, uma ferramenta Web foi desenvolvida, a qual gera automaticamente o código WS-BPEL. Além disso, foram realizadas avaliações de desempenho para verificar o impacto na rede das composições. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que composições podem reduzir o tráfego gerado na rede junto à estação de gerenciamento, pois permitem concentrar diversas informações em uma única requisição Web Services. O tempo de resposta também pôde ser reduzido em algumas situações devido às requisições nativamente paralelas do WS-BPEL. / In the recent years, the Web Services technology has been researched in many areas of computer science, including computers network management. Service composition, a new feature recently raised, seems to have the potentiality to solve several problems in computer science, including the network management field and its Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Through service composition, it is possible to build up more sophisticated services using simpler services as components. Therefore, this work aims at investigating Web Services composition applied to network management. Towards this goal, models and standards for composition were reviewed and a WS-BPEL-based composition architecture devoted to management was proposed. Such architecture allows starting a chain of management actions on lowerlevel Web Services-based managers through only one Web Services request. In order to define new compositions, a Web-based tool was developed to automatically generate the WS-BPEL required code. In addition, performance evaluations were carried out in order to verify the compositions’ impact on the managed network. The results showed that compositions can reduce the management traffic in the surroundings of the management station by aggregating several information in only one Web Services request. Response time could also be decreased in some situations due to the native parallel requests of WS-BPEL.

Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo principal, a proposta de um sistema onde é possível avaliar abordagens diferentes para composição automática de Web services, baseando-se em parâmetros de QoS que dependem da execução para serem medidos. O objetivo foi atingido por meio da implementação de um sistema denominado AWSCS (Automatic Web Service Composition System). O AWSCS é um sistema onde é possível implementar abordagens diferentes para composição automática de Web services e também executar os fluxos resultantes dessas abordagens. Com o objetivo de demonstrar os resultados desta tese de doutorado, foram elaborados cenários, onde fluxos empíricos foram construídos para fazer a demonstração do funcionamento do AWSCS, uma vez que algoritmos para composição automática não foram encontrados para download na literatura. Com os resultados foi possível fazer um estudo do comportamento da execução de fluxos de Web services compostos, quando fluxos com mesma funcionalidade, mas estratégias de solução do problema diferentes foram comparados. Além disso, foi possível observar a influência das cargas aplicadas no sistema em execução, uma vez que o tipo de carga submetida ao sistema é um fator importante para se definir qual abordagem para composição de Web services pode levar ao melhor desempenho, de acordo com o ambiente e tipos de cargas que ele vai receber, quando em produção. / This PhD thesis has as main goal the propose of a system where it is possible to evaluate different approaches for automatic composition ofWeb services, based on QoS parameters that depend on the execution to be measured. The goal was reached by means of the implementation of a system named AWSCS (Automatic Web Service Composition System). The AWSCS is a system where it is possible to implement different approaches for automatic composition of Web services and also to execute the resulting flows from these approaches. Aiming at demonstrating the results of this PhD thesis different scenarios were developed, where empirical flows were built to demonstrate the operation of AWSCS, once algorithms for automatic composition were not found to download in the literature,. With the results it was possible to study the behavior of running composite Web services, when flows with the same functionality but different problem-solving strategies were compared. Furthermore it was possible to observe the influence of the load applied on the running system once the type of load submitted to the system is an important factor to define which approach for the Web service composition can take to the best performance according to the environment and types of load it will receive when in production.

Nos últimos anos, a tecnologia de Web Services vem sendo pesquisada nas mais diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a de gerenciamento de redes de computadores. A composição de serviços, uma nova funcionalidade surgida recentemente, parece ter a potencialidade de resolver diversos problemas de diversas áreas da computação, incluindo a área de gerenciamento de redes e seu respectivo protocolo padrão de facto, o SNMP. Através da composição de serviços, é possível construir serviços mais sofisticados, usando-se serviços mais simples como componentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a composição de Web Services aplicada ao gerenciamento de redes de computadores. Para tanto, modelos e padrões para composição foram estudados e uma arquitetura de composição, usando o padrão WS-BPEL, aplicada ao gerenciamento foi proposta. Tal arquitetura permite iniciar uma cadeia de ações de gerenciamento em gerentes de nível mais baixo baseados em Web Services através de uma única requisição Web Service. Para definir novas composições, uma ferramenta Web foi desenvolvida, a qual gera automaticamente o código WS-BPEL. Além disso, foram realizadas avaliações de desempenho para verificar o impacto na rede das composições. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que composições podem reduzir o tráfego gerado na rede junto à estação de gerenciamento, pois permitem concentrar diversas informações em uma única requisição Web Services. O tempo de resposta também pôde ser reduzido em algumas situações devido às requisições nativamente paralelas do WS-BPEL. / In the recent years, the Web Services technology has been researched in many areas of computer science, including computers network management. Service composition, a new feature recently raised, seems to have the potentiality to solve several problems in computer science, including the network management field and its Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Through service composition, it is possible to build up more sophisticated services using simpler services as components. Therefore, this work aims at investigating Web Services composition applied to network management. Towards this goal, models and standards for composition were reviewed and a WS-BPEL-based composition architecture devoted to management was proposed. Such architecture allows starting a chain of management actions on lowerlevel Web Services-based managers through only one Web Services request. In order to define new compositions, a Web-based tool was developed to automatically generate the WS-BPEL required code. In addition, performance evaluations were carried out in order to verify the compositions’ impact on the managed network. The results showed that compositions can reduce the management traffic in the surroundings of the management station by aggregating several information in only one Web Services request. Response time could also be decreased in some situations due to the native parallel requests of WS-BPEL.

Teleworking is the key to a more flexible design of working time and places of work. To reach the flexibility for working anywhere and anytime a virtual working environment is needed which is reached from any place having a browser and internet access, at home, on the road or in the office. The goal of our activities is to develop a set of technologies fitting in the web architecture in order to bring teleworking applications to their full potential. Our new concept is to combine different web services in a new integrated man-machine environment that enables access to all necessary services. So it will be easier for the teleworker to handle the different applications and techniques. The teleworking portal provides them access to various resources: office applications, multimedia objects and documents, communication tools such as email and conferences, collaboration and group work systems or educational software and training tools. In order to promote interoperability and extensibility among these applications, as well as to allow them to be combined to perform more complex operations, a standard reference architecture for such services is needed. Consequently our approach is based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the web service technology. / Telearbeit ist der Schlüssel zu einer flexibleren Arbeitsplatz- und Arbeitszeitgestaltung und eröffnet vielfältige Möglichkeiten und ökonomische Potentiale. Nach zahlreichen Kontroversen über die Vor- und Nachteile haben vor allem die Entwicklung kostengünstiger Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken, aber auch der Handlungsdruck einer zunehmend globalisierten Wirtschaft das Thema Telearbeit in den letzten Jahren neu belebt. Im Rahmen vorangegangener Projekte wurden vielfältige Forschungen zum Thema Telearbeit durchgeführt. Bei der bisherigen Umsetzung von Telearbeit in der Praxis ergaben sich vor allem Probleme im Umgang mit den verschiedenen Arbeitsumgebungen im Büro und am Telearbeitsplatz und dem Abgleich der Arbeitsstände und -ergebnisse. Ziel der Arbeit ist die prototypische Entwicklung einer webbasierten, flexiblen und modular aufgebauten Arbeitsumgebung, die eine effektive Anpassung an die Arbeitsweise des jeweiligen Telearbeiters und Unternehmens ermöglicht. Dabei wurde neben der Definition und Anforderungsanalyse von Telearbeit ein Architekturmodell für eine integrierte Arbeitsumgebung entworfen. Durch die umgesetzte Bausteinarchitektur wird eine flexible Anpassung der Umgebung an die Bedürfnisse der Telearbeiter und der Unternehmen erreicht. Weiterhin werden im Rahmen der Arbeit existierende Ansätze zur Unterstützung von Telearbeit analysiert und klassifiziert, um die eigene Arbeit abzugrenzen. Zur praktischen Umsetzung des Konzeptes wurden vorhandene internetbasierte Protokolle auf ihre Nutzbarkeit für Telearbeitsumgebungen untersucht. Als sehr gut geeignete und innovative Technologien erwiesen sich die Web Services. Deshalb werden die Basisprotokolle und grundlegenden Technologien für Web-Service-Lösungen im Rahmen der Arbeit spezifiziert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit im Telearbeitskontext untersucht. Abschließend erfolgte eine prototypische Umsetzung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung und eine Validierung in verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien, um die Praxistauglichkeit des Konzeptes nachweisen zu können.

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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this paper, we present an approach towards achieving standards-based multi-vendor hardware configuration. This approach uses the Instrumentation Hardware Abstraction Language (IHAL) and a standardized web service Application Programming Interface (API) specification to allow any Instrumentation Support System (ISS) to control instrumentation hardware in a vendor neutral way without requiring non-disclosure agreements or knowledge of proprietary information. Additionally, we will describe a real-world implementation of this approach using KBSI‟s InstrumentMap application and an implementation of the web service API by L-3 Communications Telemetry East.

BACKGROUND:Scientists rarely reuse expert knowledge of phylogeny, in spite of years of effort to assemble a great "Tree of Life" (ToL). A notable exception involves the use of Phylomatic, which provides tools to generate custom phylogenies from a large, pre-computed, expert phylogeny of plant taxa. This suggests great potential for a more generalized system that, starting with a query consisting of a list of any known species, would rectify non-standard names, identify expert phylogenies containing the implicated taxa, prune away unneeded parts, and supply branch lengths and annotations, resulting in a custom phylogeny suited to the user's needs. Such a system could become a sustainable community resource if implemented as a distributed system of loosely coupled parts that interact through clearly defined interfaces.RESULTS:With the aim of building such a "phylotastic" system, the NESCent Hackathons, Interoperability, Phylogenies (HIP) working group recruited 2 dozen scientist-programmers to a weeklong programming hackathon in June 2012. During the hackathon (and a three-month follow-up period), 5 teams produced designs, implementations, documentation, presentations, and tests including: (1) a generalized scheme for integrating components / (2) proof-of-concept pruners and controllers / (3) a meta-API for taxonomic name resolution services / (4) a system for storing, finding, and retrieving phylogenies using semantic web technologies for data exchange, storage, and querying / (5) an innovative new service, DateLife.org, which synthesizes pre-computed, time-calibrated phylogenies to assign ages to nodes / and (6) demonstration projects. These outcomes are accessible via a public code repository (GitHub.com), a website (http://www.phylotastic.org webcite), and a server image.CONCLUSIONS:Approximately 9 person-months of effort (centered on a software development hackathon) resulted in the design and implementation of proof-of-concept software for 4 core phylotastic components, 3 controllers, and 3 end-user demonstration tools. While these products have substantial limitations, they suggest considerable potential for a distributed system that makes phylogenetic knowledge readily accessible in computable form. Widespread use of phylotastic systems will create an electronic marketplace for sharing phylogenetic knowledge that will spur innovation in other areas of the ToL enterprise, such as annotation of sources and methods and third-party methods of quality assessment.