Vid samverkansbroar fästes tvärförband mellan huvudbalkar med funktion att leda laster ut mot huvudbalkarna. Dessa kan fästas via s.k. livavstyvningsplåtar mot huvudbalkens liv samt flänsar. Denna infästning kan ske med svetsförband. Vid ett antal fall har utmattningssprickor uppkommit i svetsanslutningen mellan livavstyvningsplåten samt överfläns på huvudbalk. Tydliga riktlinjer finns ej i dagsläget för vilken typ av svetsförband som bör nyttjas vid uppförande av benämnd konstruktionsanslutning. Här genomförs en jämförande studie av kälsvetsförband mot stumsvetsförband, med samt utan svetsutbredning. Då risk för sprickinitiering till följd av utmattning i kälsvetsförbandet studerades beaktades risk för brott i såväl svetstå som svetsrot. Den aktuella studien ämnade ge svar på huruvida en korrelation mellan geometriska parametrar såsom avstånd mellan huvudbalkar samt konsollängd på farbana kunde kopplas till rekommendation gällande vilket svetsutförande som borde nyttjas vid olika dimensioner av dessa båda geometrier. Vidare ämnade studien utröna om eventuella gränsvärden för val av svetsanslutningar kunde fastställas. För framtagande av data nyttjades BRIGADE PLUS, ett beräkningsprogram som nyttjar FEM-modellering. Här användes ett uppfört projekt, Viadukt Söder, beläget i Östersund, som grundmodell för parameterstudien i BRIGADE PLUS. Detta var projekterat av ELU Konsult, på uppdrag av Trafikverket. Beräkningsmodellen bestod av en begränsad del av den aktuella bron, där utmattningslastfordon 3 i SS EN 1993-2 användes för att via influenslinjer återspegla trafiklast på bron och därmed finna värsta lastpositioner. Dessa positioner nyttjades sedermera för beräkning av påverkan från Utmattningslastfordon 3 på den studerade detaljen i form av spänningsamplitud. Analys av dessa spänningsamplituder omräknades sedermera till ett antal lastcykler till brott som sedan ställdes mot de riktlinjer som återfinns i SS EN 1993-1-9:2005. Här nyttjades de förbandsklasser som enligt nationella normer ses som gällande. Resultatet påvisade en exponentiell minskning av antal lastcykler till brott, med avseende på utmattning, då brogeometrin utökades. Utmärkande här var att risk för brott i livavstyvningsplåten klart översteg risk för brott i överflänsen, som i sin tur näst intill kunde bortses ifrån. Den geometriska parameter som blev styrande var konsollängd på farbana. Tydlig differens i livslängd mätt i antal cykler gick att utläsa för de olika svetsförbanden, där styrande faktor blev de respektive förbandsklasserna vid analys av sprickinitiering. Gränsvärden för då antal cykler till brott understeg gränsvärden enligt SS EN 1993-1-9:2005 kopplat till de geometriska parametrarna, gick att fastställa för respektive svetsförband. Kälsvetsens kapacitet med avseende på utmattning understeg vida stumsvetsens kapacitet. / For composite bridges, transverse bracings are attached between main girders with the function of distributing loads between the main girders. These can be attached via so-called web stiffeners against the main girders web and flanges. This attachment can be done via welded joints. In the event of emergence, fatigue cracks have arisen in the welding connection between the web stiffener and the top flange of the main girder. Clear guidelines do not exist at present for the type of welded joints that should be used in the construction of the termed design connection. Here, a comparative study is carried out between fillet welded joints and butt welded joints, with flat and inclined welds. When the risk of crack initiation as a result of fatigue in the fillet weld was studied, the risk of breakage in both toe and root was considered. The current study intended to provide answers as to whether a correlation between geometric parameters such as distance between main girders and cantilever length of the deck slab could be linked to recommendation regarding which welding design should be used at different dimensions of these two properties. Furthermore, the study intended to determine whether any limit values for the selection of welding connections could be determined. For the production of data, BRIGADE PLUS, a calculation program that utilizes FEM modeling, was used. Here, a constructed project, Viadukt Söder, situated in Östersund, was used as the basic model for the parameter study in BRIGADE PLUS. This was designed by ELU Konsult, on behalf of the Swedish Transport Administration. The calculation model consisted of a limited part of the current bridge, where Fatigue Load Vehicle 3 in SS EN 1993-2 was used to reflect traffic loads on the bridge via influenza lines and thereby find the worst load positions. These positions were subsequently used for calculating the influence of Fatigue Load Vehicle 3 on the studied part in the form of stress amplitude. Analysis of these stress amplitudes was subsequently recalculated to a number of load cycles to offenses that were then set against the guidelines found in SS EN 1993-1-9: 2005. Here, the fatigue resistance values were used which according to national standards are regarded as valid. The result showed an exponential decrease in the number of load cycles to fracture, with respect to fatigue, as the bridge geometry was increased. The characteristic feature here was that the risk of breakage in the web stiffener clearly exceeded the risk of breakage in the upper flange, which in turn could almost be disregarded. The geometric parameter that became guiding was cantilever length on the deck. Clear difference in service life measured in number of cycles could be read out for the different welded joints, where the controlling factor became the respective fatigue resistance values when analyzing crack initiation. Limit values for when the number of cycles to break below the limit values according to SS EN 1993-1-9:2005 linked to the geometric parameters, could be determined for each welded joint. The capacity of the fillet weld with respect to fatigue is far below the capacity of the butt weld.

Limitações de altura são frequentemente impostas à edificações de múltiplos pavimentos por regulamentos de zoneamento urbano, aspectos econômicos e considerações estéticas. Um pé-direito alto é normalmente requerido para se permitir a passagem de tubulações e dutos de grande diâmetro sob vigas de aço, conduzindo muitas vezes à alturas inaceitáveis entre pavimentos de edificações. Várias são as soluções possíveis para se resolver tal inconveniência, dentre elas pode-se citar: Vigas com inércia variável, stub girders , treliças mistas e vigas misuladas. Outra solução frequentemente utilizada é a abertura de furos na alma das vigas d e aço para a passagem das tubulações de serviço. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar e descrever o comportamento estrutural de vigas de aço com aberturas de diferentes tamanhos e formas na alma. Outro propósito deste trabalho de pesquisa é a avaliação dos parâmetros que influenciam diretamente a capacidade de resistência das vigas com diferentes tipos de abertura na alma, tais como: Tipo de furo, localização do furo ao longo do vão, altura do furo em relação à altura do perfil, esbeltez da alma, localização da carga solicitante ao longo do vão, entre outros. Também é objetivo deste trabalho, a avaliação dos diferentes mecanismos de ruína para as vigas com aberturas na alma e as causas que conduziram o colapso das mesmas. Finalmente, apresenta-se um estudo da eficácia de enrijecedores longitudinais nos locais de abertura da alma das vigas de aço. A metodologia empregada para tal estudo baseou-se em uma análise paramétrica com o auxílio do método numérico dos elementos finitos. / Height limitations are frequent in multi-storey buildings due to zoning regulations, economic requirements and esthetical considerations . In order to provide the passage of large pipes and ducts beneath steel beams, huge spaces are normally required, leading many times to unacceptable heights between storeys. There are many possible solutions to solve these problems, such as: Tapered beams, stub girders, composite trusses and haunched beams. Another frequent solution is the opening of holes in the web beam steel to enable the passage of the services. This dissertation has the objective of evaluating and describing the structural behavior of steel beams with web openings of different shapes and sizes. Another aim of this research work is the evaluation of the parameters that directly influence the load carry capacity of the beams with different web openings, such as: Holesh ape, the location of the opening throughout the span, the height hole to height profile ratio, the web slenderness and the location of the load point throughout the span. The evaluation of the different failure mechanisms of steel beams with web openings and the reasons that conducted the collapse of them are also focused on the present work. Finally, a study of the efficiency of the use of longitudinal stiffeners at web openings locations is also presented. The methodology employed for such study was based on a parametric analysis based on the finite elements method.

Limitações de altura são frequentemente impostas à edificações de múltiplos pavimentos por regulamentos de zoneamento urbano, aspectos econômicos e considerações estéticas. Um pé-direito alto é normalmente requerido para se permitir a passagem de tubulações e dutos de grande diâmetro sob vigas de aço, conduzindo muitas vezes à alturas inaceitáveis entre pavimentos de edificações. Várias são as soluções possíveis para se resolver tal inconveniência, dentre elas pode-se citar: Vigas com inércia variável, stub girders , treliças mistas e vigas misuladas. Outra solução frequentemente utilizada é a abertura de furos na alma das vigas d e aço para a passagem das tubulações de serviço. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo avaliar e descrever o comportamento estrutural de vigas de aço com aberturas de diferentes tamanhos e formas na alma. Outro propósito deste trabalho de pesquisa é a avaliação dos parâmetros que influenciam diretamente a capacidade de resistência das vigas com diferentes tipos de abertura na alma, tais como: Tipo de furo, localização do furo ao longo do vão, altura do furo em relação à altura do perfil, esbeltez da alma, localização da carga solicitante ao longo do vão, entre outros. Também é objetivo deste trabalho, a avaliação dos diferentes mecanismos de ruína para as vigas com aberturas na alma e as causas que conduziram o colapso das mesmas. Finalmente, apresenta-se um estudo da eficácia de enrijecedores longitudinais nos locais de abertura da alma das vigas de aço. A metodologia empregada para tal estudo baseou-se em uma análise paramétrica com o auxílio do método numérico dos elementos finitos. / Height limitations are frequent in multi-storey buildings due to zoning regulations, economic requirements and esthetical considerations . In order to provide the passage of large pipes and ducts beneath steel beams, huge spaces are normally required, leading many times to unacceptable heights between storeys. There are many possible solutions to solve these problems, such as: Tapered beams, stub girders, composite trusses and haunched beams. Another frequent solution is the opening of holes in the web beam steel to enable the passage of the services. This dissertation has the objective of evaluating and describing the structural behavior of steel beams with web openings of different shapes and sizes. Another aim of this research work is the evaluation of the parameters that directly influence the load carry capacity of the beams with different web openings, such as: Holesh ape, the location of the opening throughout the span, the height hole to height profile ratio, the web slenderness and the location of the load point throughout the span. The evaluation of the different failure mechanisms of steel beams with web openings and the reasons that conducted the collapse of them are also focused on the present work. Finally, a study of the efficiency of the use of longitudinal stiffeners at web openings locations is also presented. The methodology employed for such study was based on a parametric analysis based on the finite elements method.