This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

No description available.

No observable injury was evident by any herbicide treatment on any of the twelve sweet corn varieties during the season. Overall, pendimethalin (Prowl®) treatments applied preemergence (PREE) provided very good control ( >87 %) of all weeds rated. Metolachlor (Dual®), EPTC plus safener (Eradicane®), dimethanamid (Frontier®), and cyanazine ( Bladex®) treatments gave good control ( >80 %) of pigweeds ( Amaranthus sp.) and purslane (Portulaca oleraceq) with annual yellow sweetclover (Melilotus ocf`icinalis) not adequately controlled. All treatments except Bladex alone gave good control of volunteer sudangrass.

Onions treated at the 2-leaf stage of growth with the 3rd leaf just beginning to emerge with postemergence herbicides bromoxynil (Buctril®) and oxyfluorfen (Goal®) exhibited slight injury at 11 days after treatment (DAT) but had recovered to show no injury at 1 month after treatment (MAT). Annual yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) was the predominat weed in the test site and early ratings showed that Goal at 0.25 lb a.i. /A and Goal plus Buctril gave marginally acceptable control at 80 %. Buctril alone did not control clover. At 1 MAT, the clovers had recovered from the initial injury and the level of control had declined to become unacceptable.

Several registered and exploratory herbicides were effective for broadleaved weed control when applied preplant incorporated or preemergence in cantaloupes. Bensulide (Preface), clomazone (Command®), cyanazine (Bladex®), dimethanamid (Frontier®), ethafluralin (Curbit®), metolachlor (Dual ®), pendimethalin (Prowl®), trifluralin, dithiopyr (Rohm and Haas), and thiazopyr (Rohm and Haas) gave marginally acceptable control of most weeds. Crop injury was observed for some treatments of Frontier, Prowl, napropamide (Devrinol®), and Command. As the season progressed, groundcherry (Physalis wrightii) was not adequately controlled by any treatment.

An exploratory field study provided results of postemergence herbicide weed control efficacy and broccoli tolerance. Pyridate (Tough®), clopyralid (Stinger®), and oxyfluorfen (Goal®) did not cause any crop stand reduction compared to bentazon (Basagran®) that completely reduced the broccoli stand. Tough and Goal at the lower rates tested caused marginally acceptable broccoli injury. Goal effectively controlled pigweed species (Amaranthus sp.), groundcherry (Physalis wrightii), and purslane (Portulacç oleracea). Tough gave good control of pigweed and purslane but not groundcherry. Stinger was safe on broccoli and marginally controlled groundcherry. In a second field study, Tough and Goal were evaluated for cheeseweed control. Goal marginally controlled cheeseweed at all rates tested and caused marginally acceptable injury at the two lowest rates. Tough was relatively safe at the lower rates but did not adequately control the cheeseweed.

Exploratory field studies conducted in broccoli showed that clomazone (Command®) and isoxaben (Gallery®) were extremely phytotoxic to broccoli when applied preemergence (PREE) on the soil surface after planting. Both offered good weed control of the weeds present. Napropamide (Devrinol®) caused moderate crop injury and marginally acceptable weed control.

No description available.

In questioning the very nature of a thing, at its most basic level, a new assessment can be made of what the thing in question truly is. When we ask ourselves, what is a weed, we begin to pull the word apart - to decrypt the word from the cultural baggage that has collected around it over the course of the history of language.The cultural connotations of 'weed' cling to it like barnacles, removing the word from its true value. We reevaluate meaning, chronicling all the possible constructions of a word, all the possible varieties, where it came from, what its uses are, etc. We can then begin to develop an aggregate meaning based on an inherently more textured meaning, nuanced and built to sustain an elaboration of new information within the word itself. Weeds may serve as a successful metaphor for humanities quest for value, but it should not be assumed - we must first plot a course before we set sail.

Resumo: Avaliou-se a eficiência de surfactantes e espalhantes adesionantes na homogeneização da calda de pulverização, constituída por óleo fúsel e água. Para o teste, utilizou-se de Energic, detergente neutro, álcool e Haiten. Para erradicação da cana-de-açúcar comparou-se o óleo fúsel isolado e em mistura com glifosato, em vasos de 22 L, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos em 4 repetições. Em outro experimento, o óleo fúsel isolado foi aplicado em plantas daninhas em pré-plantio incorporado, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 25 tratamentos em quatro repetições, analisado em esquema fatorial 5x5 (concentrações e espécies); em pós-emergência das plantas daninhas houve a mistura do óleo fúsel e glifosato, em diferentes concentrações. Por último, avaliou-se a eficiência do óleo fúsel isolado e em mistura com glifosato, aplicados em pós-emergência tardia de plantas daninhas, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com 13 tratamentos em 4 repetições. Na mistura do óleo à calda de pulverização, Energic e detergente neutro proporcionaram melhores resultados, enquanto álcool e Haiten mostraram-se ineficientes. O óleo fúsel isolado não dessecou a cana-de-açúcar e, em mistura com o glifosato, dessecou os perfilhos principais. Em pré-plantio incorporado, o óleo fúsel não apresentou interferência sobre a germinação e viabilidade das sementes; em pósemergência, os resultados mostraram controle parcial com a mistura do óleo fúsel e glifosato. Na pós-emergência tardia, em mistura com glifosato apresentou vantagens, por reduzir a massa seca das plantas e custos com a aplicação. / Abstract: The studies aimed to evaluate the fusel oil efficiency in sugarcane desiccation and weed control. The first study evaluated the efficacy of Energic, neutral detergent, alcohol and Haiten in fusel oil and water mixture. The second study evaluated the sugarcane desiccation compared with rates of fusel oil and glyphosate. The experimental design was completely randomized with 12 treatments and four replications in 22 L pots. At other study, isolated fusel oil was applied in incorporate preplanting of weeds, in experimental design completely randomized with 25 treatments and four replications analysed in a factorial arrangement 5x5 (concentrations and weed species); in weed post-emergence there were the fusel oil mixture with glyphosate, in different concentrations. The isolated fusel oil efficiency was evaluated and in mixture with glyphosate, applied in weed late post-emergence, in randomized blocks with 13 treatments in four 4 replications. The fusel oil mixture with water, Energic and neutral detergent provided better results, while alcohol and Haiten showed inefficient. The isolated fusel oil didn’t promote the complete sugarcane desiccation and when in mixture with glyphosate desiccated the sugarcane main shoot population. In incorporate pre-planting, the fusel oil didn't present interference about the seed germination and viability; in weed late post-emergence, the results showed partial control with fusel oil and glyphosate mixture. In weed late post-emergence, fusel oil mixture with glyphosate presented advantages, for reducing the plant dry mass and costs with the application. / Orientador: Marcos Omir Marques / Coorientador: Maria do Carmo Morelli Damasceno Pavani / Banca: Luciano Soares de Souza / Banca: Maria do Carmo de Salvo Soares Novo / Banca: Miguel Ângelo Mutton / Banca: Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves / Doutor