Thesis (MNutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Obesity has become one of the major conditions contributing towards chronic lifestyle diseases. The management of obesity, in order to prevent chronic lifestyle disease, requires a combination of treatment modalities. There is therefore a constant need to search for innovative behavioural and awareness programmes regarding the treatment of obesity, and to develop innovative strategies to improve compliance and ultimately to change lifestyles. The notion of utilizing short message services (SMS), during a weight reduction progamme to provide regular reminders and information to achieve the aforementioned goals, was therefore used as an intervention in the study. Furthermore a questionnaire validating the effectiveness of the short message service was devised and completed by the recipients of the intervention. The purpose of the questionnaire was to statistically quantify the effectiveness of the SMS as an intervention. Each question had four graded answers, with a score allocated to each - 1 being the least effective and 4 being the most. These values were converted to percentages and according to these percentages a rating of effectiveness was ascertained. Ultimately the study set out to determine whether the intervention had a statistically significant effect on weight reduction, compliance in attending appointments and on the attrition rate. This was a double blinded randomized, controlled study in which 75 participants were recruited at a general medical practice in Gauteng. The sample comprised of three groups. Group 1 (N = 25) had no intervention; Group 2 (N = 25) received a SMS weekly and Group 3 (N = 25) received a SMS three times per week. The weight reduction programme, which included dietary modifications and lifestyle advice was standardized and remained the same for each group. The programme extended over a 12 week period and the questionnaire was completed at the end of the programme. Upon analysis of the results there was a decrease in the mean BMI and waist circumference for all the three groups, with no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.05) between them. The percentages of the participants completing the programme in each group were – Group 1: 44%, Group 2: 60% and Group 3: 68%. The effectiveness of the intervention was manifested by the compliance of attendance at each visit and the reduced attrition rate in the intervention groups, although this was not found to be statistically significant. The analysis of the scores allocated to the responses of the questionnaire, equated to an outcome of above 75% and was assessed as being very successful in both the intervention groups. In conclusion the use of short message servicing in this weight reduction programme improved the compliance and reduced the attrition rate although not statistically and was perceived by the participants as a successful intervention. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vetsug (obesiteit) het een van die primêre kondisies geword wat bydrae tot chroniese leefstyl siektes. Die hantering van obesiteit vereis 'n kombinasie van behandelingsmodaliteite, ten einde hierdie siektes te voorkom, Daar is dus 'n konstante soeke na innoverende gedrags- en bewustheidsprogramme rakende die behandeling van obesiteit, asook 'n behoefte om innoverende strategieë te ontwikkel om inskiklikheid te verbeter en uiteindelik leefstyle te verander. Die idee om kortboodskapdienste (SMS) gedurende 'n gewigsverliesprogramme te gebruik om gereelde aanmanings en inligting te kommunikeer ten einde die genoemde doelwitte te bereik, is aangewend as intervensie in hierdie studie. 'n Vraelys is ontwikkel wat die effektiwiteit van die kortboodskapdiens valideer, en is voltooi deur die ontvangers van die intervensie. Die doel van die vraelys was om die effektiwiteit van die SMS as 'n intervensie te kwantifiseer. Elke vraag het vier gegradeerde antwoorde gehad, met 'n telling wat aan elk toegeken is – 1 wat aandui minste effektief en 4 wat aandui die meeste. Hierdie waardes was omgeskakel tot persentasies en na aanleiding van die persentasies is 'n waarde van effektiwiteit bepaal. Uiteindelik was die doel van die studie dus om vas te stel of die intervensie ʼn statisties beduidende effek op gewigsverlies, die nakom van afsprake en uitvalskoerse het. Hierdie was 'n dubbelblind, ewekansige gekontroleerde studie waarin 75 deelnemers gewerf was by 'n algemene mediese praktyk in Gauteng. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 3 groepe. Groep 1 (N = 25) het geen intervensie gehad nie; Groep 2 (N = 25) het 'n weeklikse SMS ontvang en Groep 3 (N = 25) het 'n SMS ontvang drie keer per week. Die gewigsverliesprogramme, wat dieetaanpassings en leefstyl advies ingesluit het, was gestandardiseer en het dieselfde gebly vir elke groep. Die programme het gestrek oor 'n 12 weke periode en die vraelys was voltooi aan die einde van die programme. Analise van die resultate het 'n afname getoon in die gemiddelde LMI (Liggaamsmassa indeks) en middelomtrek vir al drie groepe, met geen statisties beduidende verskil (p-waarde > 0.05) tussen groepe nie. Die persentasies van die deelnemers wat die programme voltooi het in elke groep was Groep 1: 44%, Groep 2: 60% en Groep 3: 68%. Die effektiwiteit van die intervensie was gemanifesteer deur die inskiklikheid van bywoning tydens elke besoek en die verlaagde uitvalkoers in die intervensie groepe, alhoewel dit nie statisties beduidend was nie. 'n Analise van die tellings geallokeer aan die response tot die vraeslys, dui 'n uitkoms aan van bo 75% en was beskou as baie suksesvol in albei die intervensie groepe. Die gebruik van kortboodskapdienste (SMS) in hierdie gewigsverliesprogramme het inskiklikheid verbeter en uitvalskoerse verlaag, alhoewel nie statisties beduidend nie, en was deur die deelnemers beskou as 'n suksesvolle intervensie.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA12MA096.pdf: 554346 bytes, checksum: 590c296923a5eb206d91a626b6f5f829 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / This study aimed to evaluate the performance and egg quality of laying hens subjected to forced molting methods through qualitative and quantitative feed restriction to induce a second cycle of egg production. A total of 225 Hy-line Brown hens at 88 weeks of age, distributed in a DIC with nine repetitions, subjected to five methods of food restriction, three quantitative (100, 75 and 50% of food restriction) and two qualitative (75% rice husk + 25% basal diet and 50% of rice husk + 50% basal diet). When the birds reached the percentage weight loss of 25% or 21 days of submission methods, six birds were slaughtered from each treatment to assess the weight and indices of ovarian, oviduct, liver and abdominal fat. In the second production cycle, which lasted five periods of 21 days, was evaluated feed intake, egg production, feed conversion, mass, weight and density of eggs. The method of restriction 100% took four days to stop production of eggs, eight days 75% 75 +25% took five days, and the programs of feed restriction and 50% 50 +50% did not interrupt the production of eggs in 21 days. The methods of food restriction 75% and 75 +25% were the most nearly to weight reduction of 25% recommended, as the reduction of 20.91 and 23.34%, respectively. Already in the methods of food restriction 50 +50% and 50% weight reduction was not as pronounced (12.85 and 8.49%, respectively). In the fat content, the method of qualitative dietary restriction was 75% +25 similar to the method of food restriction 100% (P <0.05). Indices ovary, oviduct and liver, the results repeated between treatments, and in the quantitative methods 100%, 75 +25% and 75% qualitative, were similar (P <0.05). In the second cycle the difference (P <0.05) in feed consumption, egg production and egg mass between the only restriction method and qualitative method 100% 50 +50%, and 100% higher in the method. Egg weight (g), the density of eggs, bird weight and viability were not affected (P> 0.05) by alternative methods of molt. Feed conversion (g / g) differ (P> 0.05) between the method and the method 100% +50% 50 restriction, being greater in the latter. The method for quantitative dietary restriction with a 75% reduction of the recommended daily amount of feed for poultry and the method of qualitative restriction with 75% rice hulls and 25% of feed supplied will, when used for a period of 21 days to induce to molt, cause the birds reduce by more than 20% of body weight to weight ratio observed after the first cycle. Both methods can replace the method of quantitative feed restriction of 100% (conventional fasting) without loss of performance of laying hens in a second laying cycle / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais submetidas a métodos de muda forçada através da restrição alimentar qualitativa e quantitativa para indução a um segundo ciclo de produção de ovos. Foram utilizadas 225 galinhas Hy-line Brown com 88 semanas de vida, distribuídas em um DIC com nove repetições, submetidas a cinco métodos de restrição alimentar, sendo três quantitativos (100, 75 e 50% de restrição alimentar) e dois qualitativos (75% de casca de arroz + 25% dieta basal e 50% de casca de arroz + de 50% dieta basal). Quando as aves atingiram o percentual de redução de peso de 25% ou 21 dias de submissão aos métodos, foram abatidas seis aves de cada tratamento para avaliar o peso vivo e índices de ovário, oviduto, fígado e gordura abdominal. No segundo ciclo de produção, que teve uma duração de cinco períodos de 21 dias, foi avaliado consumo de ração, produção de ovos, conversão alimentar, massa, peso e densidade dos ovos. O método de restrição 100% levou quatro dias para interromper a produção de ovos, o 75% oito dias, 75+25% levou cinco dias, e os programas de restrição alimentar 50% e 50+50% não interromperam a produção de ovos nos 21 dias. Os métodos de restrição alimentar 75% e 75+25% foram os que mais se aproximaram à redução de peso de 25% recomendada, sendo a redução de 20,91 e 23,34%, respectivamente. Já nos métodos de restrição alimentar 50% e 50+50%, a redução de peso não foi tão acentuada (12,85 e 8,49%, respectivamente). No índice de gordura, o método de restrição alimentar qualitativo 75+25% foi semelhante ao método de restrição alimentar 100% (P<0,05). Nos índices de ovário, oviduto e fígado, os resultados se repetiram entre os tratamentos, sendo que nos métodos quantitativos 100%, 75% e qualitativo 75+25%, foram semelhantes (P<0,05). No segundo ciclo ocorreu diferença (P<0,05) no consumo de ração, na produção de ovos e na massa de ovos apenas entre o método de restrição 100% e o método qualitativo 50+50%, sendo maior no método 100%. O peso dos ovos (g), a densidade dos ovos, o peso das aves e a viabilidade não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos métodos alternativos de muda forçada. A conversão alimentar (g/g) diferiu (P>0,05) apenas entre o método 100% e o método de restrição 50+50%, sendo neste último maior. O método de restrição alimentar quantitativo com redução de 75% da quantidade diária de ração recomendada às aves e o método de restrição qualitativo com 75% de casca de arroz e 25% de ração fornecido a vontade, quando utilizados por um período de 21 dias para induzir à muda forçada, fazem com que as aves reduzam em mais de 20% do peso vivo em relação ao peso observado ao final do primeiro ciclo. Ambos o métodos podem substituir o método de restrição alimentar quantitativo de 100% (jejum convencional) sem perda de desempenho das poedeiras em um segundo ciclo de postura

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo redimensionar o conjunto soldado de uma máquina colheitadeira denominado canal embocador, buscando a redução de peso com a manutenção ou aumento da resistência aos esforços mecânicos mediante a utilização de um aço microligado de baixo carbono e média resistência mecânica. Para isso, durante a etapa de projeto, foram realizadas análises de elementos finitos como forma de otimizar a distribuição de carregamentos e matérias primas. Após a fabricação do protótipo foram feitos ensaios mecânicos para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais e processos de fabricação utilizados. Os mesmos apresentaram bons resultados em relação aos métodos e parâmetros aplicados, visto as boas propriedades mecânicas obtidas nos corpos de prova ensaiados. A última etapa das análises consistiu em submeter o conjunto proposto e o conjunto atualmente produzido a um ensaio de fadiga, comparando-os mecanicamente, sendo que os resultados mostraram a superioridade do conjunto proposto em relação ao atual nos quesitos resistência à fadiga e resistência à deformação. Com os resultados obtidos constatou-se a viabilidade da substituição dos materiais atualmente utilizados por materiais de melhores propriedades mecânicas, sendo possível a manutenção de aspectos como boa soldabilidade, alta resistência mecânica e custos equivalentes. Embora o aço escolhido possua preços até 30% superiores ao aço comercial atualmente empregado, o mesmo possibilitou a redução de peso em 16,6%, além da redução no uso de consumíveis e recursos envolvidos no processo de fabricação. Este estudo mostra a viabilidade no emprego de aços microligados em máquinas agrícolas visando a redução de peso, sendo esta uma tendência na indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas. / This current study has as aim resize the welded assembly of a combine harvester called feeder housing, searching for weight reduction with maintenance or increase of the mechanic resistance using a low carbon and medium strength microalloyed steel. To this, during the project step, were made finite elements analysis as way to improve the loads distribution and raw materials. After the prototype production were made mechanical tests to evaluate mechanical properties of the materials and fabrication process used. Them shown good results for the methods and parameters used, due the good mechanical properties got on the specimens during the tests. The last analysis step consisted to submit the new weldment and the current weldment produced to a fatigue analysis, comparing mechanically both, where the results showed the better quality of the new weldment in comparison to the current as fatigue resistance and deformation resistance. With the results was verified the feasibility of the current materials replacement to materials with better mechanical properties, keeping the good weldability, high strength and costs. Although the new steel used has prices up to 30% higher than comercial steel current used, its enabled 16,6% of weight reduction in addition to the materials and resources involved on the fabrication process. This study show the feasibility of the use of microalloyed steels in agricultural machinery aiming the weight reduction, being this a trend in the agricultural machinery and implements.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo redimensionar o conjunto soldado de uma máquina colheitadeira denominado canal embocador, buscando a redução de peso com a manutenção ou aumento da resistência aos esforços mecânicos mediante a utilização de um aço microligado de baixo carbono e média resistência mecânica. Para isso, durante a etapa de projeto, foram realizadas análises de elementos finitos como forma de otimizar a distribuição de carregamentos e matérias primas. Após a fabricação do protótipo foram feitos ensaios mecânicos para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais e processos de fabricação utilizados. Os mesmos apresentaram bons resultados em relação aos métodos e parâmetros aplicados, visto as boas propriedades mecânicas obtidas nos corpos de prova ensaiados. A última etapa das análises consistiu em submeter o conjunto proposto e o conjunto atualmente produzido a um ensaio de fadiga, comparando-os mecanicamente, sendo que os resultados mostraram a superioridade do conjunto proposto em relação ao atual nos quesitos resistência à fadiga e resistência à deformação. Com os resultados obtidos constatou-se a viabilidade da substituição dos materiais atualmente utilizados por materiais de melhores propriedades mecânicas, sendo possível a manutenção de aspectos como boa soldabilidade, alta resistência mecânica e custos equivalentes. Embora o aço escolhido possua preços até 30% superiores ao aço comercial atualmente empregado, o mesmo possibilitou a redução de peso em 16,6%, além da redução no uso de consumíveis e recursos envolvidos no processo de fabricação. Este estudo mostra a viabilidade no emprego de aços microligados em máquinas agrícolas visando a redução de peso, sendo esta uma tendência na indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas. / This current study has as aim resize the welded assembly of a combine harvester called feeder housing, searching for weight reduction with maintenance or increase of the mechanic resistance using a low carbon and medium strength microalloyed steel. To this, during the project step, were made finite elements analysis as way to improve the loads distribution and raw materials. After the prototype production were made mechanical tests to evaluate mechanical properties of the materials and fabrication process used. Them shown good results for the methods and parameters used, due the good mechanical properties got on the specimens during the tests. The last analysis step consisted to submit the new weldment and the current weldment produced to a fatigue analysis, comparing mechanically both, where the results showed the better quality of the new weldment in comparison to the current as fatigue resistance and deformation resistance. With the results was verified the feasibility of the current materials replacement to materials with better mechanical properties, keeping the good weldability, high strength and costs. Although the new steel used has prices up to 30% higher than comercial steel current used, its enabled 16,6% of weight reduction in addition to the materials and resources involved on the fabrication process. This study show the feasibility of the use of microalloyed steels in agricultural machinery aiming the weight reduction, being this a trend in the agricultural machinery and implements.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo redimensionar o conjunto soldado de uma máquina colheitadeira denominado canal embocador, buscando a redução de peso com a manutenção ou aumento da resistência aos esforços mecânicos mediante a utilização de um aço microligado de baixo carbono e média resistência mecânica. Para isso, durante a etapa de projeto, foram realizadas análises de elementos finitos como forma de otimizar a distribuição de carregamentos e matérias primas. Após a fabricação do protótipo foram feitos ensaios mecânicos para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos materiais e processos de fabricação utilizados. Os mesmos apresentaram bons resultados em relação aos métodos e parâmetros aplicados, visto as boas propriedades mecânicas obtidas nos corpos de prova ensaiados. A última etapa das análises consistiu em submeter o conjunto proposto e o conjunto atualmente produzido a um ensaio de fadiga, comparando-os mecanicamente, sendo que os resultados mostraram a superioridade do conjunto proposto em relação ao atual nos quesitos resistência à fadiga e resistência à deformação. Com os resultados obtidos constatou-se a viabilidade da substituição dos materiais atualmente utilizados por materiais de melhores propriedades mecânicas, sendo possível a manutenção de aspectos como boa soldabilidade, alta resistência mecânica e custos equivalentes. Embora o aço escolhido possua preços até 30% superiores ao aço comercial atualmente empregado, o mesmo possibilitou a redução de peso em 16,6%, além da redução no uso de consumíveis e recursos envolvidos no processo de fabricação. Este estudo mostra a viabilidade no emprego de aços microligados em máquinas agrícolas visando a redução de peso, sendo esta uma tendência na indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas. / This current study has as aim resize the welded assembly of a combine harvester called feeder housing, searching for weight reduction with maintenance or increase of the mechanic resistance using a low carbon and medium strength microalloyed steel. To this, during the project step, were made finite elements analysis as way to improve the loads distribution and raw materials. After the prototype production were made mechanical tests to evaluate mechanical properties of the materials and fabrication process used. Them shown good results for the methods and parameters used, due the good mechanical properties got on the specimens during the tests. The last analysis step consisted to submit the new weldment and the current weldment produced to a fatigue analysis, comparing mechanically both, where the results showed the better quality of the new weldment in comparison to the current as fatigue resistance and deformation resistance. With the results was verified the feasibility of the current materials replacement to materials with better mechanical properties, keeping the good weldability, high strength and costs. Although the new steel used has prices up to 30% higher than comercial steel current used, its enabled 16,6% of weight reduction in addition to the materials and resources involved on the fabrication process. This study show the feasibility of the use of microalloyed steels in agricultural machinery aiming the weight reduction, being this a trend in the agricultural machinery and implements.

This diploma thesis deals with completion of the calculation FEM stress analysis of current type of CI - engine piston construction. Then it deals with design of new types of CI - engine piston construction including of their stress analysis. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of single types of construction is made on the basis of results comparison.

Title: Keeping and reducing weight in the boxing Aims: The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out which methods are used for sustain or reduction of boxers' weight in various weight classes. If this process affects their power, and which intervals they begin the reduction before the fight in. Methods: The observation as the quantitative method was used on the basis of public inquiry. Results: It follows that boxers use shorter and more intensive methods for their weight reduction rather than slow and careful methods for their organisms. Moreover, two thirds of respondents experience some changes in consequence of sustaining and reducing the weight. The majority of respondents mentioned they get the information how to sustain and reduce the weight in accordance with their own consideration. Keywords: Boxing, weight reduction, weight categories, dehydratation

Title: Weight reduction in full-time employees Objectives: The aim of the work is to find out, by means of a search of domestic, foreign literature and scientific works, and the subsequent elaboration of a survey sheet. Interventions leading to weight reduction in adults fully working overweight or obese, and subsequent individualization of the intervention lasting 4 weeks, leading to weight reduction. Methods: The theoretical part will be a search of Internet resources, which will be obtained from the server PubMed and Google Scholar, and combined with available literary resources. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, data collection will be carried out using a survey. The survey will be created specifically for this research based on information from the theoretical part. The aim of the survey will be to record the weekly program of full-time employees with a focus on the composition and timing of meals and physical activity. The obtained data are processed using the spreadsheet program Microsoft office Excel 2013. The record of weekly intake and distribution of food will be evaluated using the Internet portal Caloric Table, where the intake in kJ was mapped for each proband. From the survey sheet, the meal record will be transferred to the calorie tables, where the equivalent of kJ and...

The benefits of lighter auto bodies are discussed, and aluminum is compared to steel as an alternative material for auto body construction. The concept of a structural index, lambda, is developed using the simple example of a hollow beam of wall thickness, t, with a cantilever load case. It is shown that the bending stiffness, K, of the beam can be defined as a function of t^lambda, that 1 < lambda < 3, and that lambda can be used to predict the weight savings from material substitution where stiffness is held constant. It is then demonstrated that lambda can be used to predict the weight savings from material substitution in the more complex cases of the joints of a light truck cab.

Title of the diploma:Complex nutrition typology- an effective form of weight reduction? Objectives: Evaluation of effectiveness of complex nutrition typology during weight reduction. Overall characteristics of metabolic typology and typologies, which influence determination of metabolic type. Comparison of metabolic typology with general healthy eating recommendations published by the Society for Nutrition (2012). Methods: Analysis and comparison of literature with obtained information, comparison of metabolic typology with general nutrition recommendations. The application of theory through survey completed by clients of complex nutrition typology. Evaluation of results of the survey. Results: Creation of overall characteristic of complex nutrition typology and results of analysis on effectivity of this method during weight reduction. Outcome of the research has confirmed the effectivity of complex nutrition typology during weight reduction. Keywords: Metabolic type, body weight reduction, racional diet, dietary guidelines.