Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 35 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Originally issued as electronic document. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 126 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).

Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2004 . / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains v, 67 [7] pages including maps. Bibliography: p. 64-66.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Kakali Bhattacharya / Sally J. Yahnke / Over the past five years, alone, in the rural state of West Virginia, the number of identified homeless students has increased 315%— from 2,000 students to 8,300 students— which is assumed to be a conservative estimate by local and state education officials (Mays, 2014). Homelessness is often identified as an urban problem, as the most visible forms occur among street dwellers in urban settings (Joyce-Beaulieu & Sulkowski, 2014). Within rural locations, however, homelessness predominately remains a concealed issue requiring extensive collaboration to combat issues of geographic isolation and lack of support, infrastructure, and public services. This study will demonstrate how community school programming offers considerable potential to provide direct support and services within the school setting for rural homeless youth.

In just five years West Virginia was rocked with two devastating disasters in the coal mining industry. Despite the disasters, West Virginians could not just walk away from the mines, as they depended on the coal industry for jobs and tax revenue. West Virginia had built a purpose-driven orientation towards the coal industry through a historical and current dependency on coal. However, the two disasters had a chance to alter that dominant orientation. In order to understand how or if the coal orientation was altered, by the disaster or the discourse that followed, a pentadic analysis was completed. The analysis revealed that the coal companies constantly battled a tension between the elements of agency and purpose, while trying to overcome a scene that made safety challenging. In the end, one mining company altered the purpose-driven orientation, as the other reinforced the orientation. As both of the situations offered different orientations towards coalmining, their orientations showed that coal companies can be purpose-driven providers but also a responsible provider, understanding not only that miners need a paycheck, but also safety. In the end, when companies use the purpose-driven orientation, created from the history, present, and future of the West Virginia coal industry, their orientation drives profits and reduces the importance of safety for the coal miners, making coal mining a risky business. However, after just one disaster, despite the mining company\'s orientation, the companies become providers to no one / Master of Arts

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This study is a self-assessment of a small group of Appalachian face-to-face service providers in human services and community mental health. It has evolved from their daily experiences. The purpose of the study has been to reflect back to these providers information about themselves. That reflection has been given in the form of an Adlerian life style analysis, a psychological assessment for individuals modified as assessment of a group. The reflected impression provided its own image for change and an opportunity for the participants to assess what impact, if any, their jobs might be having on other aspects of their lives. In the process of informing the participants about themselves, there has been the intent to give that same information to the people who come for services, supervisors, administrators, policy makers, and ultimately the community of academics and scholars. The author of this study functioned as a co-worker with the other participants, becoming a part of that system which she was observing. The job gave wide access for observation and work with the participants in a variety of settings. The primary interactions took place in the homes of families referred for alleged child abuse and neglect, to include sexual abuse. The methodology allowed the research effort to be one of exploration and evolution. Based on the notion expressed by Carol Ehrlich that people can do research for and about themselves rather than having others do it for them, it drew from several theorists, described in order of their use in the study: H.T.Wilson, Brian Fay, Alfred Adler, Stephen Fawcett, and George Gazda. Presenting one subjective view of reality, conclusions of the study pointed to unconscious guilt on the part of participants with respect to system inadequacies, marked by a desire to feel superior in the helping relationship or in the relationship with those perceived to have authority over them. Unaware of these feelings, and in the simple performance of their jobs, the participants help to perpetuate the systems in which they work and often purport to deplore. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to determine distributions of Rotifera and Cladocera in the Kanawha River in West Virginia. Rotifera were sampled monthly for twelve months with a Juday trap in the more lotic upstream end of Winfield pool (UW), and the more lentic downstream end of Winfield pool (LW) to determine seasonal distribution. During the period of peak rotifer abundance, rotifers were sampled along a longitudinal transect of Winfield pool and lower Marmet pool to determine longitudinal distribution. Cladocera were sampled with funnel traps at Marmet and Winfield Locks and Dams from lock wall, mid channel, and near shore sites. The seasonal study showed that both UW and LW total rotifer densities were characterized by a single summer population peak. The same physical and/or chemical parameters did not account for equivalent variation in rotifer densities at the two stations. The longitudinal profile showed that a shift in species composition occurred from bacteriophages and detritivorous species upstream to herbivorous species downstream. A new species of the genus Lecane Nitzsch 1827 (Lecanidae: Rotifera) was discovered, namely Lecane arietii n. sp. This species was found to have fungal parasites which apparently effect its distribution. The Cladocera study showed shore and lock wall areas had greater numbers of Cladocera from mud and vegetative habitats than mid channel areas, apparently due to differences in periphyton between the sites. Cladocera from mud and vegetative habitats in lotic systems may be useful organisms to study tow boat perturbations. / Master of Science

A grid type portable rainfall simulator, developed at Virginia Tech from support by the Office of Surface Mining, Department of Interior under Grant NO. G5114009, was used to apply 2.3 inch per hour “storms” to three replicated plots to determine surface mine soil erodibility factors for two distinctly different soils in southern West Virginia. Other variables included in the study were detailed soil descriptions for each site, initial and final soil moistures, plot rainfall distributions and the particle size distributions of the eroded materials. The soil erodibility indexes for the silt silt-loam and sandy respectively. loam soils averaged 0.408 and 0.735. Erodibility indexes for the silt silt-loam decreased, while indexes for the sandy loam soil remained constant for repeated rainfall applications. Using statistical analysis, rainfall distributions were shown to be uniform across plots for most rainfall applications. From a particle size distribution analysis of the eroded soil material, the percentage of silt and clay decreased, while the percentage of sand increased at each site with repeated rainfall applications. A rock mulching effect was present at the end of each testing sequence. / Master of Science