Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simone ferreira.pdf: 699351 bytes, checksum: 41d071a2fd7b0fc8c68e3c0a7dcc415e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-24 / We present a feasible proposal for the construction of the conditional displacement operator using a Kerr medium between two beam splitters fed from coherent states highly excited. The device allows the implementation of the generation of a new class of states the quantized electromagnetic field (arbitrary superpositions of states with states moved) and the measurement of the Wigner function for arbitrary states. The application special case of the number of states and study their nonclassical properties were also considered. / Apresentamos uma proposta factível para a construção do operador deslocamento condicional usando um meio Kerr entre dois divisores de feixes alimentados por estados coerentes altamente excitados. O dispositivo permite implementar a geração de uma nova classe de estados do campo eletromagnético quantizado (superposições de estados arbitrários com estados deslocados) bem como a medição da função de Wigner para estados arbitrários. A aplicação especial ao caso de estados de número e o estudo de suas propriedades não-clássicas, foram também consideradas.

The Schrödinger equation ... is considered. The solution of this equation is reduced to the problem of finding the eigenvectors of an infinite matrix. The infinite matrix is truncated to a finite matrix. The approximation due to the truncation is carefully studied. The band structure of the eigenvalues is shown. The eigenvectors of the multiwells potential are presented. The solutions of Schrödinger equation are calculated. The results are very sensitive to the value of the parameter y. Localized solutions, in the case that the energy is slightly greater than the maximum value of the potential, are presented. Wigner and Weyl functions, corresponding to the solutions of Schrödinger equation, are also studied. It is also shown that they are very sensitive to the value of the parameter y.

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To track evolution of autonomic responses during orthostasis in men and women, we used discrete pseudo-Wigner distribution based time-frequency analysis to compute dominant frequencies and spectral powers in RR intervals and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). Data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers (22 men, 16 women) during 10 min supine posture followed by 30 min of 700 head up tilt. The RR intervals were computed from ECG and systolic blood pressure was and spectral amplitudes of RR intervals were integrated in two regions viz., Low Frequency (LF) region defined between 0.05-0.15 Hz and High Frequency region (HF), sometimes referred to as respiratory frequency region, defined as mean breathing frequency of the individual +/- one standard deviation. Dominant frequencies of RR intervals in the LF region decreased in both men and women. There were no significant differences between men and women as far as the SBP data were concerned for the dominant frequencies, however women had higher values than men. Dominant frequencies of RR intervals in the HF region increased both in men and women from supine to tilt. No significant differences in dominant frequencies were found between men and women. Also there were no significant differences even for the SBP data, however men had higher values than women Integrated powers within the auto spectra of RR showed that in the HF region, power decreased significantly for both men (pandlt;0.005), and women (pandlt;0.001) during tilt compared to supine. However, the HF power in women was significantly higher for men during both supine (pandlt;0.001), and tilt (pandlt;0.005). In LF region integrated power spectrum showed no significant difference between men and women although women showed a slight increase from supine to tilt. These results suggest that men have a higher sympathetic control while women have greater para-sympathetic influence.

Techn. University, Diss., 2000--Berlin.

The cores of early UK graphite moderated research and production nuclear fission reactors operated at temperatures below 150°C. Due to this low temperature their core graphite contains significant amounts of stored (Wigner) energy that may be released by heating the graphite above the irradiation temperature. This exothermic behavior has lead to a number of decommissioning issues which are related to long term "safe-storage", reactor core dismantling, graphite waste packaging and the final disposal of this irradiated graphite waste. The release of stored energy can be modeled using kinetic models. These models rely on empirical data obtained either from graphite samples irradiated in Material Test Reactors (MTR) or data obtained from small samples obtained from the reactors themselves. Data from these experiments is used to derive activation energies and characteristic functions used in kinetic models. This present research involved the development of an understanding of the different grades of graphite, relating the accumulation of stored energy to reactor irradiation history and an investigation of historic stored energy data. The release of stored energy under various conditions applicable to decommissioning has been conducted using thermal analysis techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Kinetic models were developed, validated and applied, suitable for the study of stored energy release in irradiated graphite components. A potentially valid method was developed, for determining the stored energy content of graphite components and the kinetics of energy release. Another parameter investigated in this study was dedicated in the simulation of irradiation damage using ion irradiation. Ion bombardment of small graphite samples is a convenient method of simulating fast neutron irradiation damage. In order to gain confidence that irradiation damage due to ion irradiation is a good model for neutron irradiation damage the properties and microstructure of various grades of ion irradiated nuclear graphite were also investigated. Raman Spectroscopy was employed to compare the effects of ion bombardment with the reported effects of neutron irradiation on the content of the defects. The changes of the of defect content with thermal annealing of the ion irradiated graphite have been compared with the annealing of neutron irradiated nuclear graphite.

Wigner distribution is considered to be one of the most powerful tools for time-frequency analysis of rumvstationary signals. Wigner distribution is a bilinear signal transformation which provides two dimensional time-frequency characterization of one dimensional signals. Although much work has been done recently in signal analysis and applications using Wigner distribution, not many synthesis methods for Wigner distribution have been reported in the literature. This thesis is concerned with signal synthesis from discrete-time Wigner distribution and from discrete-time pseudo-Wigner distribution and their applications in noise filtering and signal separation. Various algorithms are developed to reconstruct signals from the modified or specified Wigner distribution and pseudo-Wigner distribution which generally do not have a valid Wigner distributions or valid pseudo-Wigner distribution structures. These algorithms are successfully applied to the noise filtering and signal separation problems. / Master of Science

no / Bifractional displacement operators, are introduced by performing two fractional Fourier transforms on displacement operators. They are shown to be special cases of elements of the group G , that contains both displacements and squeezing transformations. Acting with them on the vacuum we get various classes of coherent states, which we call bifractional coherent states. They are special classes of squeezed states which can be used for interpolation between various quantities in phase space methods. Using them we introduce bifractional Wigner functions A(α,β;θα,θβ)A(α,β;θα,θβ), which are a two-dimensional continuum of functions, and reduce to Wigner and Weyl functions in special cases. We also introduce bifractional Q-functions, and bifractional P-functions. The physical meaning of these quantities is discussed.

L'étude du spectre des réseaux complexes est un problème riche, ayant une longue histoire et des applications dans de nombreux domaines. La densité spectrale limite d'ensembles de graphes aléatoires, en particulier, fournit une information globale importante pour la compréhension de la topologie et du comportement des modèles de réseaux souvent utilisés comme version jouet des réseaux réels. Si la densité spectrale des réseaux denses et non corrélés est en général bien comprise, celle des réseaux extrêmement creux reste un problème difficile. Bien que plusieurs propriétés de la densité spectrale des réseaux extrêmement creux aient pu être établies, une forme fermée pour celle-ci échappe toujours aux chercheurs et chercheuses. C'est à ce problème que s'attaque ce mémoire. Dans un premier temps, une méthode combinatoire pour le calcul de la densité spectrale et de ses moments est développée. Elle est ensuite appliquée au modèle d'Erdős-Rényi dense avec succès, reproduisant le résultat classique qu'est la loi du demi-cercle de Wigner. Finalement, la méthode est utilisée pour l'étude de la densité spectrale des réseaux extrêmement creux. Sont obtenus ainsi une forme fermée pour la densité spectrale des graphes réguliers aléatoires, la preuve de propriétés importantes de la densité spectrale du modèle d'Erdős-Rényi extrêmement creux, une explication de la présence de pics discontinus dans la densité, une correction pour le cœur de celle-ci, ainsi qu'une forme asymptotique pour ses extrémités conjecturée comme vraie pour tous les modèles de réseaux creux et non corrélés. Malgré tout, une forme fermée est toujours inconnue. / The study of the spectra of complex networks is a rich problem with a long history and varied applications. In particular, the limiting spectral density of random graph ensembles provides important global information on the topology and behavior of the network models often used as toy versions of real networks. Though the spectral density of dense, uncorrelated networks is generally well understood, that of extremely sparse networks remains a difficult problem. Despite the fact that many properties of the spectral density of extremely sparse networks have been established, a closed form still evades researchers. It is that problem which this thesis tackles. First, a combinatorial approach to the calculation of the spectral density and its moments is developed. It is then successfully applied to the dense Erdős-Rényi model, reproducing the classical Wigner semicircle law. Finally, the approach is employed to study the spectral density of extremely sparse networks. Results obtained this way include a closed form for the spectral density of random regular graphs, proofs of important properties of the spectral density of extremely sparse Erdős-Rényi random graphs, an explanation of the presence of discontinuous peaks in the density, a correction for its bulk and an asymptotic form for its extremities, which is conjectured to hold for all models of sparse, uncorrelated networks. However, a closed form remains unknown.

La théorie de la dynamique des processus chimiques élementaires cherche à décrire quantitativement les collisions réactives à l'échelle atomique. Les mouvements des noyaux étant extrêmement difficiles à traiter dans le formalisme quantique, les tomes sont souvent considérés comme des objets classiques. Cepandant, les effets purement quantiques jouent un rôle majeur dans certaines situations, alors que la description classique les néglige. Cette thèse apporte de nouvelles perspectives sur l'inclusion, dans le formalisme clasique, de forts effets quantiques, à savoir la quantification des mouvements internes des réactifs et produits. / The goal of chemical reaction dynamics theory is the quantitative description of reactive molecular collistions at the atomic scale. Since nuclear motions are difficult to study quantum mechanically, nuclei are often considered as classical object. However, quantum effects may play a major role in some situation, and the standard classical description does not take them into account. This thesis brings new perspectives on the inclusion into the classical treatment of one of the strongest qunatum effects, the quantization of reagents and products.