by Raymond Cheuk-kuen Chen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160). / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1. --- Windowing System --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2. --- Fonts --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Bitmap Fonts --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Outline Fonts --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3. --- Different font support models --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Supported by applications --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Supported by windowing system --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.'3. --- Supported by a dedicated server --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4. --- Issues of Chinese Font Support --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- OVERVIEW OF X WINDOW SYSTEM --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2. --- Architecture --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3. --- Font Management in the X Window System --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Before X Version 11 Release5 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- In X Version 11 Release5 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Portable Compiled Format --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Font Server --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- Font Management Library --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4. --- Internal Code --- p.29 / Chapter 3. --- CHINESE FONT SERVER --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1. --- Motivation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2. --- Font Server Architecture --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Device Independent Font Server layer(DIFS) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Operating System layer(OS) --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Font Management Library(FML) --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Font Path Element --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Font File Renderer --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.6. --- Font server Renderer --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3. --- Implementation of Chinese Font Server --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Font data and code set --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Registering a new font reader --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Font specific functions --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Load-All Scheme --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.5. --- Demand-Loading Scheme --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.6. --- Embedding of font rasterizer --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4. --- Test Results --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- X Application Tests --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Demand-Loading Test --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5. --- Some Remarks --- p.53 / Chapter 4. --- OVERVIEW OF PRINTING SYSTEM --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1. --- Motivation --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2. --- Design Considerations --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Modification of the X server --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Embed the printing system into the font server --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Distributed Architecture --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3. --- System Architecture --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4. --- Printer Server --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5. --- Font Server --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6. --- Printing Services Protocols --- p.63 / Chapter 4.7. --- X Window System Server --- p.65 / Chapter 4.8. --- Printer Server Library --- p.65 / Chapter 4.9. --- Client Applications --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PRINTER SERVER --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1. --- Objects identification --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Dispatcher (dispatcher) --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Communication Channel (ComChannel) --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.3. --- Font Cache Manager (FnCache) --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.4. --- PrnFont (PrnFont) --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.5. --- Per-Font Cache (CacheStruct) 一- --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.6. --- Font Server (FnServer) --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.7. --- Client Manager (LRUList) --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.8. --- Client Record (ClientRec) --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.9. --- Printer Driver (PrnDriver) --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.10. --- Down Loaded Font Table (DownLoadedFont) --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.11. --- Request Header (reqHeader) --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.12. --- Generic Reply(replyGeneric) --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2. --- Objects Organization --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Server Control Subsystem --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Client Management Subsystem --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Request Handling Subsystem --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.4. --- Font Managing Subsystem --- p.86 / Chapter 6. --- SAMPLE PRINTER DRIVER --- p.94 / Chapter 6.1. --- Printer Control Languages --- p.94 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- Structure of PCL Command --- p.95 / Chapter 6.1.2. --- PCL Command Example --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2. --- Printer Font Resources --- p.98 / Chapter 6.3. --- Traditional Font Handling Methods in a Printer Driver --- p.99 / Chapter 6.4. --- Soft Font Creation in PCL Printer --- p.101 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- Font ID number --- p.102 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- Font Descriptor --- p.102 / Chapter 6.4.3. --- Character Code - --- p.104 / Chapter 6.4.4. --- Character Descriptor --- p.105 / Chapter 6.4.5. --- Character Bitmap Data --- p.107 / Chapter 6.5. --- New font downloading schemes for double-byte fonts --- p.107 / Chapter 6.5.1. --- Terminology --- p.108 / Chapter 6.5.2. --- Underlying Concepts of Algorithm One --- p.109 / Chapter 6.5.3. --- Algorithm One --- p.111 / Chapter 6.5.3.1. --- Code Mapping --- p.112 / Chapter 6.5.3.2. --- Example --- p.114 / Chapter 6.5.3.3. --- Memory Consideration --- p.115 / Chapter 6.5.4. --- Algorithm Two --- p.117 / Chapter 7. --- EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS --- p.121 / Chapter 7.1. --- Cache Test --- p.121 / Chapter 7.2. --- Printer Driver Test --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Testing with 10 points font --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Testing with 12 points font --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Testing with 15 points font --- p.131 / Chapter 7.2.4. --- Testing with 18 points font --- p.134 / Chapter 7.3. --- Time Measurement --- p.136 / Chapter 7.4. --- Discussion --- p.139 / Chapter 7.5. --- Further Improvement --- p.143 / Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.145 / APPENDIX A. PRINTER DRIVER CLASS --- p.147 / APPENDIX B. SAMPLE OUTPUT --- p.149 / REFERENCES --- p.157

The X Window System is an industry-standard software system which facilitates programmers to develop portable graphical user interfaces. This thesis describes an image processing tool developed under the X Window System. A multiwindow image display software with image editing and improvement functions is developed. The software has four modules: environment generation, image creation, image editing and image improvement. The environment generation module creates working windows, scrollbars, dialogbox and pulldown menu buttons, and tracks mouse cursor positions. The working windows are three adjacent windows allowing display of three different images simultaneously. The dialogbox provides an interface between the user and the program, such as input new image and parameters. The pulldown menus offer various selections of image processing functions. A pair of scrollbars are also added to allow users to move the magnified image up, down, left and right so that the full picture can be viewed. The image creation module can build colormap, load image data file, convert pixel values to screen color values, create image, and display image on the screen of a workstation. The program can read either sun.rasterfile format or a plain data file. If a plain data file is detected, the software can transform it to sun.rasterfile by adding an appropriate header and a colormap. There are two kinds file saving features: screen capture and store. The screen capture allows the user to save that part of image displayed on the screen. The store function saves the entire image which may be either the screen size or bigger size image (e.g. merged or zoomed image). The image editing module is equipped with the functions for zooming (in or out) , merging, rotating and restoring images. The merge function constructs a new image based on the user selected or input image from the dialogbox. The rotation center of an image can be any point selected by user's clicking mouse button, and the rotation angle is supplied by user in the dialogbox. The image improvement module consists of some image point transformation and image enhancement functions. This software package is easier to use than existing tools for image processing. It has been used in the image processing projects and related educational purposes. The software provides a framework and can be easily extended to other potential applications.

¡@¡@An embedded system has improved quickly in recent years and now functions like a small computer. Equipped with operating systems (OS), graphic user interfaces (GUI), and software developed for various platforms, an embedded system provides users with services more powerful and friendlier than ever. Qt/Embedded and OpenGL ES are an OS and a GUI developed for embedded systems. In this thesis, We integrated Qt/Embedded with OpenGL ES on a Versatile PB 92EJ-S and conducted various tests. ¡@¡@The Versatile PB 92EJ-S was equipped with ARM926EJ-S, an onboard chip capable of performing VFP9 vector floating operation. However, not all embedded systems are powered by a floating coprocessor. To make the test results applicable to all systems, We performed only fixed-point operations, a practice also improving the overall performance. In addition, to provide communications between OpenGL ES and Windows and interfaces for OpenGL ES to draw, We implemented EGL, a platform interface layer defined in OpenGL ES. Furthermore, We developed GLUT ES, a modification of GLUT, to make the embedded system compatible with Windows of different versions. Finally, We benchmarked the platform with programs developed by GLUT ES interfaces and OpenGL ES.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84).

X windows is a graphic display management system. It is designed to work on a variety of machines and display adapters, however it is not designed for terminals with local graphics capabilities. X windows can be made to work on this type of terminal, although in a slower and restricted form. The problem with designing a variation of X for these terminals is the translation from X requests to native graphics commands, and the mapping of terminal input into X events. These implementation issues are discussed and example code is provided. / Department of Computer Science

The purpose of the X-Form package is for use in the classroom as an instructional aid for teaching the algorithms and data used to represent, transform, and display objects in three-dimensional space. The program provides various areas containing graphic and textual representations of the data structures used in the creation and transformation of a three-dimensional object. Another area, containing the menu items, serves as an interface to the available demonstration items. These items include various object and viewing parameters which can be input by the user. The user then sees the result of the entered data, including animated graphics and changes in data structures. The graphic areas show the object at various stages of development, so that the user can understand the progression of the required manipulations. The textual representations are also designed to assist the user in understanding how useful information is derived from entered data. Through testing and statistical analysis, XForm has proven to be an effective tool for instruction of three-dimensional graphics. / Department of Computer Science

Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84) Also available in print.

A study was performed to develop an interactive plane frame analysis program. The program was designed to run on Unix-based workstations and to be independent of the hardware platform. This was achieved by selecting the XWindow system as the underlying graphical user-interface. An event-driven, window-based program was developed using the XWindow Toolkit. The entire program was written in the C programming language. The program consists of two parts: a preprocessor and a processor. The preprocessor employs pull-down menus and pop-up dialog boxes and provides a convenient way of creating and modifying structural models. The processor performs linear elastic analysis of plane frame structures based on the matrix displacement method. The processor computes joint displacements, support reactions and local member-end forces of the structure. It also handles internal hinges, joint loads, member loads, prescribed displacements, multiple load cases and load combinations. Other features include automatic mesh generation for orthogonal frames, automatic computation of self-weight and specification of output options. To verify the accuracy of the program, analysis results from the program were compared with results obtained from a commercial structural analysis program. A comparison of joint displacements, support reactions and member-end forces indicate that the difference in the values obtained from the two programs is less than two percent and that the program provides accurate analysis results. / Master of Science

This thesis describes the development of a graphical CAD tool for VHDL model development. The tool was developed for the X Windows environment. The graphical representation used is the process model graph [1,4]. The process model graph is input interactively and the tool generates the corresponding VHDL code. The design style is restricted to behavioral models. A new scheme was formulated for the development and use of reusable code in the form of primitives. A default set of primitives as presented in [5] was also developed. The tool can also attach to any VHDL analyzer available on the system and analyze the developed code. This tool is designed for use by system modelers and should simplify the process of model development, thus improving productivity. / Master of Science

Svenska filmbranschen styrs av ett filmavtal mellan staten och olika aktörer i branschen. Detta avtal skall förnyas under år 2013. Staten har i en avsiktsförklaring för det nya avtalet uttryckt en vilja till en förändring kring villkoren för att få statligt stöd för filmproduktion i Sverige. En så kallad teknikneutralitet skall införas som innebär att filmproduktioner inte längre på förhand behöver ha säkrat en biografdistribution för att få statligt ekonomiskt stöd. Detta skulle kunna innebära en förändring för den svenska filmens distribution i Sverige som i nuläget består av tämligen fast ordning på visningsfönster, där just biografdistributionen har en särställning. Vår forskning behandlar svenska filmproducenters, distributörers och biografägares tankar och åsikter kring distribution av svensk långfilm i Sverige. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med representanter från dessa aktörer för att få en övergripande bild av situationen idag samt eventuella möjligheter som framtiden bär med sig. Uppsatsen tar exempelvis upp biografens betydande ställning, Video on demands framfart, och producenter och distributörers önskningar om en större flexibilitet kring distributionen av film. Möjligheten att kunna skapa skräddarsydd distribution för varje enskild film och fönstersystemets påverkan på filmens aktualitet. / The swedish film industry is regulated by a film contract between the state and representatives of the industry. This contract shall be renewed during 2013. The swedish state has in a declaration of intention expressed a wish of changes about the conditions to acquire financial support from the state for film production in Sweden. A so-called technology neutrality shall be instated which means that film production no longer in forehand needs to have secured a cinema distribution deal to acquire financial support from the state. This could mean a change for distribution of swedish films in Sweden which now consist of a somewhat strict order of viewing windows. Our research addresses how swedish film producers, distributors and cinema owners think about the distribution of swedish feature films. Qualitative interviews were conducted with these professionals to get a conclusive picture of the situation in Sweden to date and what the future might bring. The essay deals with the cinema's importance, the growth of Video on demand, and producers and distributers wishes of a more flexible way for distribution of film. The possibility to be able to tailor the distribution for every individual film and the window systems impact on the films up-to-dateness.