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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-212).

Yes / The current paper presents a simple unbonded-type column strengthening technique with wire rope units and few steel elements. Eleven short columns were strengthened using the proposed procedure and tested under monotonic concentric axial loads. The main variables investigated to evaluate the confinement effectiveness of strengthened concrete columns were the volume ratio, prestress, diameter, spacing and configuration of wire rope units. The strength gain factor and ductility ratio increased with the increase of volume ratio of wire ropes. The prestress applied to wire ropes had little influence on the strength gain factor but the ductility ratio decreased with the increase of prestress in the wire ropes, owing to earlier rupture of wire ropes. At the same volume ratio of wire ropes, the maximum strength of columns was nearly independent on the configuration of the wire ropes, but higher ductility was exhibited by columns strengthened with rectangular spiral-type wire ropes than by columns strengthened with hoop-type wire ropes, until rupture of the wire ropes. The strength gain factor and ductility ratio of strengthened columns were compared with those of tied columns tested in a previous study. The load capacity of strengthened columns was also predicted using the ACI 318-05 equation modified to reflect the load-carrying effect of steel elements. A much higher strength gain factor and ductility ratio were exhibited by strengthened columns than tied columns having the same lateral reinforcement, except for strengthened columns with wire rope spacing above 0.5 times core width. The axial load capacity of strengthened columns was higher than that of unstrengthened columns by 5¿20%, and could be reasonably predicted using the modified ACI 318-05 equation.

Yes / Fretting wear has a significant influence on wire rope fatigue life when in cyclic bending, particularly for crossed-wire contacts, where the interfacial motion of the surfaces is complex and multi-axial. To simulate these contacts in a controlled manner, a laboratory-scale, crossed-cylinder, reciprocating fretting wear test was developed. A broad range of contemporary lubrication technologies were evaluated using this method and a systematic multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify the most significant lubrication-related parameters with respect to these fretting wear conditions. Wear area increase per slip cycle was the most relevant measure of wear damage, as this captured the influence of changes in the fretting wear regime during the test. The ability of a lubricant to reduce damaging fretting wear during the run-in phase was the biggest influence on long-term fretting wear, particularly for grease-lubricated contacts.

Visual inspection is the current method for determining if a wire rope needs to be removed from service. It can be time consuming and inaccurate. The point of this research is to prove that vibration testing could be used on rope to find damage. For this research, capacitive accelerometers were used. A program ran a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) as the main analysis. From the data produced, it was determined that a damaged rope's vibration signature was different from the vibration signature of the undamaged rope. There were four different types of vibrations used: an impulse while measuring the axial response, a harmonic excitation while measuring the axial response and both transverses directions. The impulse did not provide consistent results to adequately find damage with an acceptable degree of confidence. The harmonic excitations did provide results that showed a different signature. This was the case for all three directions measured. As a result, it was determined that vibrations can be used to find damage in a wire rope.

The usage of statistical methods in the production industry has resulted in quality improvements for several organisations during the last decade. However, advanced statistical methods are still underutilised and underappreciated in quality improvement programs and projects in many companies. Therefore it is of interest to investigate how these methods can be used for quality improvements in the production industry. A case study was conducted at Teufelberger’s wire rope production plant in Wels, Austria. Wire rope type BS 909 was studied by utilising the arsenal of tools and methods that Six Sigma provides, with an emphasis on statistical methods -- especially Design of Experiments. Teufelberger is currently (2016) experiencing diameter issues along the rope and it has been found through customer reclamations and quality controls in the production that the variation in a production lot can be substantial. Furthermore, there is no master setting of process parameters and each operator has their own way of setting and adjusting them, as there are different ways to achieve a product which is within given tolerances. The purpose of this study is to investigate how statistical tools can be applied to minimise variance in a Teufelberger rope manufacturing process, by conducting a case study utilising the quality improvement methodology DMAIC. Experiments were conducted in the following four sub processes which produce input components used during the manufacturing of BS909: KL-A, KL-B, IL and Al. In KL-A the following main effects were identified as significant: Postformers Spin and Postformers Diameter. In KL-B the main effect Postformers Spin was significant. In IL the following main effects were identified as significant: Compacting device, Postformers Spin and Postformers Diameter. In AL the main effect Compacting device was significant. Based on the conclusion derived from analysing these experiments theoretical master setups were created in order to address the variance issue and standardise process parameters. Further verification testing must be conducted in order to verify and tune the proposed master setups before they can be utilised. / Det senaste årtiondet har användningen av statistiska metoder inom tillverkningsindustrin resulterat i kvalitetsförbättringar för flera organisationer men dessa metoder är fortfarande undervärderade och utnyttjas ej till fullo inom program och projekt för kvalitetsförbättringar. Därför är det av intresse att undersöka hur dessa metoder kan användas för kvalitetsförbättringar inom tillverkningsindustrin. Vid en av Teufelbergers produktionsanläggningar av stålvajrar i Wels, Österrike, har en fallstudie med kvalitetsförbättringsmetodiken DMAIC genomförts. Stålvajer typ BS 909 har studerats genom att använda den arsenal av verktyg och metoder som Six Sigma innefattar, med betoning på statistiska metoder och särskilt försöksplanering. Teufelberger hade för tillfället problem med främst diametern av stålvajern. Det har visat sig genom kundreklamationer och kvalitetskontroller i produktionen att variationen i en produktionsserie kan vara betydande. Dessutom finns det ej några dokumenterade optimala inställningar av processparametrar så varje maskinoperatör har sitt eget sätt att ställa in och justera processparametrarna. Detta är möjligt då det finns olika kombinationer av  parameterinställningar som kan ge en produkt som är inom givna toleranser. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur statistikverktyg kan användas för att minimera variansen i en tillverkningsprocess av stålvajer hos företaget Teufelberger, detta genom att utföra en fallstudie med kvalitetsförbättringsmetodiken DMAIC Experiment utfördes i följande fyra processer som producerar ingående komponenter som används vid tillverkningen av BS909: KL-A, KL-B, IL och Al. I processen för KL-A identifierades följande huvudeffekter som aktiva;  Postformers-Spin och Postformers-Diameter. Den enda huvudeffekt som identifierades vara aktiv för KL-B var Postformers-Spin. För IL var följande huvudeffekter aktiva: Compacting device, Postformers-Spin och Postformers-Diameter. I processen AL var endast huvudeffekten Compacting device aktiv. Baserat på det resultat som framkom vid analysen av dessa experiment har nya teoretiskt optimala inställningar beräknats, som förväntas minska variationen i responsvariabeln diameter. De nya rekommenderade inställningarna bör tills vidare kunna fungera som ny standard för produktionen, men verifieringsförsök bör ändå utföras för att bekräfta och finjustera  inställningarna.

Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire s'intéresse à la simulation du comportement mécanique de câbles d'ascenseurs. Le but de ce travail est d'élaborer une méthode permettant de simuler le comportement mécanique de tels câbles à moindre coût, et avec une précision suffisante.Dans un premier temps, différentes méthodes permettant de modéliser ou de simuler le comportement de ces câbles ont été comparées, et leurs avantages et inconvénients ont été analysés. Les résultats de modèles analytiques et de simulations éléments finis ont été comparés avec des données expérimentales. Les modèles analytiques considérés dans ce travail présentent un coût de calcul bien moins élevé que les modèles éléments finis, mais n'offrent pas une précision suffisante dans leurs résultats pour simuler le comportement de câbles d'ascenseurs. L'approche éléments finis a été retenue pour cette raison comme la plus adaptée pour simuler ce genre de câbles. Les coûts de calcul liés à cette approche sont cependant très élevés, et demandent la mise en oeuvre de méthodes particulières en vue de les réduire.Afin de réduire les temps de calculs, trois types de méthodes ont été considérées : les méthodes d'homogénéisation, les méta-modèles, et les techniques de réduction de modèle. L'approche de réduction de modèle a été retenue comme la plus appropriée et a été implémentée dans le code de simulation par éléments finis Multifil. Des résultats avec une bonne précision ont été obtenus en utilisant cette méthode, mais les coûts des simulations initiales sur le modèle complet afin d'obtenir un ensemble de solutions permettant de construire une base réduite apparaissent trop élevés dès qu'il s'agit de traiter des câbles de longueurs importantes. Pour remédier à ce problème, une méthode de réduction par tronçon a été formulée et implémentée. Cette méthode tire parti de la structure périodique du câble et permet d'identifier a base de réduction seulement sur un motif périodique élémentaire. Cette base est ensuite utilisée pour représenter la solution sur l'ensemble d'un câble composé de plusieurs tronçons.Le coût des multiplications matricielles nécessaires pour transformer le système linéaire du problème initial, en système linéaire réduit reste cependant trop important pour obtenir un gain significatif, en particulier dans le contexte de la résolution d'un problème non-linéaire. Pour pallier cette difficulté, une technique supplémentaire, appelée ``Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method'' (DEIM), a été mise en oeuvre avec succès, et a permis d'obtenir au final une réduction du coût de calcul d'un facteur 4. / The work presented in this dissertation is focused on the simulation of the mechanical behaviour of lift's wire ropes. The aim of the work is to elaborate a method to simulate the mechanical behaviour of such wire ropes with low computational cost and sufficient accuracy.First of all, several methods to model or simulate wire ropes have been compared and their weak and strong points have been highlighted. Analytical and finite element methods have been compared with experimental tests. It was concluded that analytical methods considered in this work have a lower computational cost than finite element methods, but the results obtained using them are not accurate enough to simulate lift wire ropes. Therefore, finite element methods have been considered as the most appropriate to simulate these wire ropes. However, their computational cost is high so some methods to reduce it must be applied.In order to reduce the computational time, three type of methods have been considered: homogenization, metamodeling and model order reduction. Model order reduction technique was chosen as the most adequate method and it was implemented in the wire rope finite element simulation program Multifil. Accurate results have been obtained, however the computational cost needed by initial simulations to get the snapshots used to define a reduce basis was too high for long wire ropes. To solve this problem, a sectionwise reduction method was proposed and implemented. This formulation takes advantage of the periodic structure of wire ropes: the reduced basis is identified only on a reference elementary section and used for all repetitive sections of a multi-section wire rope. The computational cost induced by the multiplication of matrices in order to transform the linear system of the initial problem into the linear system of the reduced problem was shown to remain too high, particularly in the context of the solving of a non-linear problem, to allow the global computational time to be significantly decreased using the proposed techniques. To overcome this difficulty, an additional technique, namely the so-called Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM) was successfully implemented and tested, allowing a time reduction factor of 4 to be obtained.