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Between 1880 and 1914 women's industrial employment in Leeds was transformed by the introduction of the factory system in the consumer-goods trades. Women came to predominate in ready-made tailoring, but have been neglected in histories of the city. Recent studies have argued that a. focus on the sex division of labour in social production challenges conventional interpretations of working-class history. This thesis contributes to current debates by examining women's work in Leeds. It argues that the sex division of labour and the tensions between sex and class had a critical impact on the development of the local labour movement. Studies of women's work have shown the importance of regional variations in the pattern of female employment. Leeds provides the opportunity to study a hitherto neglected group, - female factory workers employed outside cotton textiles. Wonen's subordinate role within industry and their attitudes to work were structured by the experience of work itself as well as by their early socialisatjon and role in the family. The first section examines the conditions of women's industrial employment. It suggests that job segregation by sex structured the specific features of women's work in Leeds. Section two locates the extent and type of womens work in Leeds in the context of the social conditions of family life and contemporary expectations of appropriate sex roles. The varied family backgrounds, age and marital status affected the attitudes of individual women to paid employment and modified its effects. The final section examines the attitudes of the Leeds labour movement towards women workers and the tensions between sex and class. The labour movement failed to address women's needs and to offer a real challenge to their subordinate industrial position. This weakened union organisation and independent labour politics in the city.

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Family Policy in Sweden Key words: family policy, gender equality, women's employment The aim of this master's degree thesis is to analyze family policy in Sweden, which has become main tool for promoting gender equaility policy. Through family policy Sweden make and effort to achieve equality between women and men in society, particulary by men's greater sharing of responsibility for children and houshold. After the introduction which summarizes the objectives of the thesis, there is the first chapter defining the concept of family policy. This chapter explains the difference between family law and family policy, describes the various models of states family policies and instruments which set targets are met. The second chapter deals with some demographic statistics, which are for the purpose of thesis essential to keep in mind and which are decisive for the current conception of family policy. Another chapter describes the institutional structure of family policy in Sweden in the context of their political system. I name appropriate authorities who deal with the question of families, children and gender equality. The fourth chapter focuses on the historical development of family policy, which is essential for understanding the current system of promoting gender equality through roles in the...

My research is centered around the questions: How can such a modernized country, considered by many to be the cleanest, friendliest, most welcoming place to visit (certainly surpassing the United States on such standards), not be more welcoming of women in employment? Further, what are the main problems hindering women in employment today, and from where do these problems originate? That is, how did the present situation for women’s employment in Japan come to light? I endeavor to answer these questions, beginning by uncovering the major issues in women’s employment and then tracing their origins back in history to discover when and why they developed into what they are today.

This thesis is focused on the integration of women after maternity and parental leave into the labour market. It is concerned with the specifics of women's employment, an important area of harmonization personal and professional life and finally facilities for children up to 6 years. In the theoretical part I outlined exactly these findings and compared with the situation abroad. The following section described the empirical research methods and interviews with mothers with children, questionnaires with workers of contact offices of the Labour Office and questionnaires with workers of the Directorate of Labour Office. In this section there is also an analysis of the findings and the final interpretation of the results. In the discussion I introduced the concluding observations in the context of the writers mentioned in the theoretical part and suggestions for improvements. In conclusion, I summarized my entire work and evaluated achievement of goals. Key words Unemployment - Labour market - Women's employment - Maternity and Parental leave

The effect of female fertility on their employment in the United States between 1987 and 2003 Abstract The master thesis is focused on discovering the relationship between female fertility levels and women's employment in the US based on data from longitudinal surveys, which happened in three waves in 1987-1988, 1992-1994 and 2001-2003, in regards to the demographic trends since the second half of the 20th century. The aim is to examine the existence of a relationship between female fertility and their employment depending on the number of children in the household, their education level, marital status and age. The method of binary and multinomial multiple logistic regression is applied. The result of the analysis is that the women's odds ratio of being employed is statistically significantly affected by the number of children, the age of children present in the household and the level of education in the first and second wave of the survey data set. The women's odds ratio of being employed is also influenced by the women's marital status and age. Another finding is that the women's odds ratio of staying, coming or finding a new job is also affected by the number of new children in the household, the level of education and age. Keywords: Demographic trends, fertility, women's employment, USA, logistic...

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