Kam Yip Lo Lucetta. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-207). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION: THE GENDERS THAT HAVE NO NAMES --- p.1 / After the Title: Some Linguistic Troubles --- p.2 / Who are masculine women? --- p.4 / Research Areas --- p.5 / Methodology --- p.6 / Informants --- p.11 / Relations: Informants and the Researcher --- p.18 / Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.21 / Overview --- p.22 / Ethnographic Studies --- p.27 / Queer Studies --- p.30 / Chinese Gender Studies --- p.36 / Living Genders in Contexts --- p.39 / Chapter THREE --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.41 / The Sex/Gender Framework --- p.43 / The Destabilization of Sex --- p.47 / The Gender Which is Performative --- p.51 / The Identity Forever in Motion --- p.56 / After the Earthquake: Birth at the Rupture --- p.62 / Chapter FOUR --- GENDER DISCOURSES IN HONG KONG --- p.65 / The Cultural Superiority of Masculinity --- p.71 / Tomboy as a Phase Before Mature Femininity --- p.74 / The Degenderization of Ageing Women --- p.75 / Masculine women are lesbians --- p.78 / Defeminization as a Protective Strategy Against Male Sexual Assault --- p.80 / Women with a plain and practical dressing style are the capable work type --- p.83 / Masculine women are easy-going and can be buddies to both sexes --- p.85 / Failed Adulthood --- p.86 / Failed Womanhood --- p.86 / Women dress and behave like men are pathological beings --- p.88 / Women dress and behave like men want to be men and be a rival to men --- p.89 / Negotiations in the Media --- p.90 / Chapter FIVE --- TACKLING LABELS： PUBLIC NAMES AND SELF RECOGNITIONS --- p.99 / The Public Labels --- p.100 / Self Recognitions --- p.108 / Chapter SIX --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES： NEGOTIATIONS IN FAMILY AND THE PUBLIC --- p.119 / Family --- p.120 / Public Mis-recognition --- p.148 / Chapter SEVEN --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES: NEGOTIATIONS IN LOVE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS --- p.162 / Courting Relationship --- p.162 / Social Networks --- p.169 / Chapter EIGHT --- RECOGNITIONS THROUGH MIS-RECONGTION --- p.191 / The Engendering Process --- p.192 / Theory and Living Practices --- p.194 / The Mere Facts of Mis-recognition --- p.197 / New Significations of Masculinity --- p.198 / Bibliography --- p.201 / Appendix 1: Profile of the Researcher --- p.208 / Appendix 2: Negotiating Gender: An On-going Dialogue Between Selves --- p.211

In this dissertation, I present three manuscripts in which I integrate race into an ambivalent sexism framework using experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional methods. The first paper tests whether a female's race acts as a subtype to differentially elicit benevolent sexism (BS). Two experiments demonstrated that BS is more strongly associated with White women than Black women. The second paper explores the relationship between protective paternalism (a subcomponent of BS), anti-minority attitudes, and threat. Threat was associated with stronger endorsement of protective paternalism and a corresponding increase in anti-minority attitudes, particularly for White men, implicating BS in the maintenance of racial inequality. Finally, my third study investigated potential real-world consequences of the differential application of BS to Black and White women in the context of police responses to intimate partner violence (IPV). Officers were more likely to file supplemental paperwork for White victims than Black victims, and were most likely to do so when encountering a White victim and a Black suspect. White victims were also written about with a greater "risk focus", consistent with BS. In sum, chapter II establishes racial differences in who receives BS, chapter III demonstrates how paternalistic protections of White women are racialized, and chapter IV reveals how the intersection of BS with racial stereotypes may impact women seeking help from police. This dissertation is the first investigation in the social psychological literature of how race informs the targets, function, and consequences of BS.

Latinas/os are one of the fastest growing and most heterogeneous minority ethnic groups in the US. One in 5 women in the US are Latina; by 2060, it is projected that Latinas will compose 1/3 of the female population. Latinas continue to experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health outcomes compared to non-Hispanic whites. While factors impacting undesirable consequences of sexual activity for Latinas have been well documented, Latinas' experiences with sexual satisfaction in the broader context of sexual health remains understudied, despite sexual satisfaction having been identified as an integral component of sexual health. A focus on positive sexual health outcomes for Latinas has the potential to challenge known stereotypes about Latina sexuality; specifically, those related to cultural constructs such as acculturation, machi­smo and Mariani­smo. Conversations about the positive aspects of sexuality and sexual wellbeing are largely absent from current social work literature, education and practice. Often times, cultural stereotypes about acculturation, machismo and mariani­smo are perpetuated through risk-based approaches to understanding Latina sexuality. This study seeks to provide insight into factors correlated with sexual satisfaction for Latinas and to increase understanding of differences and similarities amongst Latina subgroups with respect to sexual satisfaction. This study is informed by Intersectionality and Latina Critical Race Theory; these theoretical approaches inform the research methodology and interpretation of findings by centering Latina identities and challenging stereotypes about Latina sexuality through a focus on positive aspects of sexual well-being. This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of Wave IV data from the 2008 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) study. Wave IV includes a sample of 287 adult Latina women, who identified as either Mexican (56.9%), Chicana (6.7%), Cuban (4.2%), Puerto Rican (13.8%), and/or Central American (11.7%) or "other" (12.9%), with some identifying as multi-racial. The mean age of participants is 28 years. ANOVA analysis identified no significant group differences amongst Latina subgroups with respect to sexual satisfaction. Bivariate correlations indicated statistically significant associations between sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction. After controlling for income, education and religion, multiple regression analyses showed that relationship satisfaction, number of vaginal sex partners, and frequency of sexual relations were significantly correlated with sexual satisfaction. The more frequent engagement in sexual activity, and the more sexual partners one has is correlated with higher levels of sexual satisfaction. This study contributes to our knowledge of Latina sexual health, especially our understanding of factors that impact sexual satisfaction. For Latina women, health promotion programs should be designed to enhance interpersonal relationships that are based on mutual respect and care, utilizing culturally relevant approaches. Findings of this study challenge stereotypical cultural constructs related to acculturation, machi­smo and mariani­smo. This study shows that quality relationships built on trust, communication and love are strongly correlated with sexual satisfaction, which in turn should impact overall health. These findings support the recognition of positive aspects of sexuality as a critical site of intersectionality as Latinas of all ethnic groups in this sample report high levels of sexual satisfaction, as well as relationship satisfaction and support health promotion and intervention intended to support the cultivation and maintenance of meaningful relationships for Latinas.

Health disparities and substance misuse are increasingly prevalent, costly, and deadly in Indian Country. Although women historically held positions of influence in pre-colonial Tribal societies and shared in optimum health, their current health is relegated to some of the worst outcomes across all racial groups in the United States. Women of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (CNO) have some of the highest prevalence estimates in physical inactivity and excessive drinking in the United States. Building on the Indigenous Stress Coping model of indigenous health, "Our Vision of Health for Future Generations" explores the intersection of a historical event, the Trail of Tears, and its lasting impact on the contemporary health outcomes in tribal members. This inquiry is positioned within the Yappallí Choctaw Road to Health project that explores these broader issues. This culturally-centered study explores proximal and settings-based/intermediary motivations of twenty-three women who completed the Yappallí­ project, walked the Trail of Tears, and developed a holitobit ibbak fohki "sacred giving" community health event. Analysis was conducted using the Listening Guide method, that highlighted the contrapuntal voices of embodiment, motivation, challenges, and transformation. Participants shared stories in relation to both their individual health concerns (proximal), and deep love and commitment for the health of their family, community and for future generations (intermediary). This study provides another framework for the development of indigenized research, by using in-depth interviews, haklo "listen deeply" as a form of indigenous storywork that is centering of the experiences of marginalized people, and reflexivity as anukfilli "Deep Reflection."

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2008 / The aim of the study was to asses the socio-economic impact of casualisation of female farm workers and to determine whether they understand their rights as provided in labour policies. The study was conducted in the Letsitele area in the Greater Tzaneen municipality, Mopani District, Limpopo Province of South Africa. A sample of eighty female farm workers was drawn from the population. The self-constructed questionnaire elicited biographic information, the socio-economic impact of casualisation and knowledge of female farm workers about labour policies was from the respondents The findings of the study showed that casualisation of female farm workers have a large impact on their lives. The low wages that they earn are usually insufficient to meet their basic financial needs such as schooling their children, buying food, and building proper houses. It was also established that they are not properly informed about labour policies.

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Although menstruation is a biological process that occurs for women of a sexually mature age, many cultures associate it with symbols that shape and affect women's lives within these societies. This thesis examines orthodox Hindu beliefs about the origin and meaning of menstruation, which is fundamentally viewed negatively (i.e., adharmically). Drawing upon sources from the earliest to more recent Dharmasastra literature, the thesis demonstrates that orthodox Hindu menstrual taboos derive from menstruation's adharmic associations, which in turn affect attitudes towards women. The Dharmasastras also attempt to realign women with dharma by prescribing appropriate roles for them and act in tandem with the Hindu goddess tradition. Orthodox interpretations of Hindu goddesses configure these deities to serve as dharmic models "for" and " o f women, thereby transmitting dharma to women in ways that are perhaps more meaningful, accessible, and effective than the sastric literature alone. iv / viii, 102 leaves , 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 29 cm

Although civil war affects all civilians, it impacts men and women in different ways, and it influences their gender roles and responsibilities. Comparatively little attention has been given to assessing the gender sensitivity of international organizations who implement post-conflict reconstruction programs. The different social, economic and political dimensions of war to peace transitions, and how they impact on gender relations, can shed some light on the complicated intersections of needs and interests in wartorn societies. An examination of the policies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Bank reveals that there is relatively little gender mainstreaming within their post-conflict operations. This research finds that the lack of resources and coordination, the failure to build on local capacities, and a lack of commitment to gender mainstreaming are the main obstacles these organizations face. To improve the situation it is recommended that organizations develop and use a 'gender checklist' at all stages of project planning, implementation and monitoring to ensure increased gender sensitivity in post-conflict programming.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-21T09:01:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luna Pereira Gimenez.pdf: 1634913 bytes, checksum: 5c77ad014c0b772ece6b52916c0486da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-21T09:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luna Pereira Gimenez.pdf: 1634913 bytes, checksum: 5c77ad014c0b772ece6b52916c0486da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Women have been fighting for recognition for a long time, whether within their homes or in other contexts of society, such as for political representativeness or in the labor market. Work has represented an important factor in the construction of contemporary women’s identity, often playing a key role in their daily life. The aim of this dissertation was to weave a Jungian approach of the feminine and of women and investigate how these relate within the scope of the labor market, a highly important social sector in contemporary life. To this end, a qualitative research design was adopted. Analytical psychology was used as the theoretical framework. Thus, the ontological perspective that grounds this study is based on the assumption that psychic reality is expressed through images and symbols. Data analysis was conducted through a symbolic understanding of the content of the speech and drawings of seven women inserted in the labor market in leadership positions, between 28 and 40 years old, results which were correlated with Jungian theory. Some central ideas were formulated as result of the analysis: the feminine appears in the discourse of the participants as a group of aspects, such as: caregiving, sixth sense, and the ability to multitask. However, other characteristics normally associated with the masculine were cited as feminine, such as planning. Many conflicts and much suffering that emerged from the workplace such as moral and sexual harassment, and discrimination, were strongly associated by the women with Brazilian culture; motherhood was presented as a conflict-introducing element in relation to a women’s professional identity. On telling their stories, they contributed to the construction of the knowledge lapidated here in this study. They pointed to the possibility of realizing themselves as women in the context of aspects considered masculine, presented new configurations of expressions of what they call “feminine,” and indicated the need to be seen as having potential to achieve under any circumstance. Analytical psychology and the clinical context, linked to profession’s ethical commitment, enables and fosters fertile ground for new configurations and demands to be embraced, reflected about, cared for and transformed into action in the world, by means of those who appropriate these increasingly wide-reaching changes / As mulheres há muito lutam por reconhecimento, seja dentro de seus lares ou em outros diversos âmbitos da sociedade, como na representatividade política ou no mercado de trabalho, por exemplo. O trabalho caracteriza-se como fator importante na constituição de identidade das mulheres contemporâneas, muitas vezes ocupando um espaço central na vida cotidiana destas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo uma compreensão junguiana do feminino e da mulher, bem como essas se relacionam no âmbito do mercado de trabalho, seguimento social que se caracteriza como fator de grande importância nas vidas contemporâneas. Para tanto, o método utilizado foi o qualitativo de pesquisa. O referencial teórico é o da psicologia analítica, de forma que a perspectiva ontológica que subsidia esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a realidade psíquica se expressa por meio de imagens e símbolos. A análise se deu por meio de uma compreensão simbólica do conteúdo das falas e desenhos de sete mulheres inseridas no mercado de trabalho em cargos de liderança, de 28 a 40 anos, articulando tais achados com a teoria junguiana. Chegou-se à formulação de algumas ideias centrais como resultados da análise: o feminino aparece no discurso das participante na qualidade de conjunto de aspectos como, por exemplo, cuidado, sexto sentido e habilidade de fazer diversas coisas ao mesmo tempo. Entretanto, outras características normalmente associadas ao masculino foram citadas como femininas, como por exemplo o planejamento; as mulheres associam muitos conflitos e sofrimentos advindos do ambiente de trabalho como o assédio moral e sexual e a discriminação, ao fato de que os aspectos chamados de femininos são fortemente associados à mulher na nossa cultura; e a maternidade é apresentada como geradora de conflito quando em relação à identidade de mulher profissional. Contando suas histórias, contribuíram para a construção do conhecimento aqui lapidado. Evidenciaram a possiblidade de realizar-se como mulheres no domínio dos aspectos considerados masculinos, apresentaram novas configurações de expressão do que chamam de feminino e apontaram para a necessidade de serem vistas com potencial de realização sob qualquer aspecto. A psicologia analítica e o contexto clínico, atrelados a uma atitude de compromisso ético que a profissão pressupõe, permitem e promovem terreno fértil para que as novas configurações e demandas sejam abarcadas, pensadas, cuidadas e transformadas em ação no mundo, por meio daqueles que se apropriam de tais mudanças cada vez mais amplas

The central question guiding this study is, how can Liberia's historical context of colonial state formation and reformation help explain public discourses surrounding gender violence in the postwar decade, 2003-2013? This question is addressed using original data from mixed qualitative methods including participant observation, visual methods, and semi-structured interviews. The research identifies narratives and meta-narratives produced by liberal institutions (including the Government of Liberia and international agencies), as well as informal discourses from adult Liberians of different backgrounds living in Greater Monrovia. Using critical discourse analysis, the argument identifies connections between the narratives that recur, the social realities they recall, and the power dynamics they perpetuate. These discourses are best understood in reference to liberal and colonial/imperial dynamics from Liberia's settlement period. Liberal institutions addressing gender violence in the postwar period face dilemmas in which universalist humanitarian ideals work in tandem with, and provide justification for, imperialism as a set of discursive and material relations. Nonelite Liberians instrumentalise and subvert both privileged donor discourses as well as long-standing colonial hierarchies of 'civilised' and 'country'. Additionally, the thesis examines how liberal institutions, traditional institutions, and Liberian citizens interact as agents of discursive construction. It will be shown that this pattern of discourse production is at times harmonious, as in the interactions around promoting male head-of-household responsibilities, and at other times adversarial, as in conflicts surrounding excision as an initiation practice for girls. Liberal institutions, non-elite Liberians, and traditional authorities both collude and compete in this era of dynamic normative contestation. Both the major discourses and the interactions that produce them can be explained in part by the liberal imperialism and its specific form of settler colonialism that propelled the founding and subsequent stages of state formation in Liberia. The consequences of that residual history indicate inherent - though, not irredeemable - structural limitations to a robust institutional response to gender violence. In this manner the study demonstrates the utility of historicising Liberia's contemporary gender violence discourses, and how doing so can address the longstanding bifurcation between rights and culture in international development and transnational feminist geography.