This research work is a detailed feminist reading of the poetry of a selected group of Kurdish women poets which has been written in Sorani Kurdish. The poets come from two different locations, but are originally from Iraqi Kurdistan. A group of them live in the diaspora and the rest are home-based. Thus, it is the study of the Sorani-written poetry produced by Kurdish women poets locally and externally. The study chooses the time extending from 1990 to 2009 as its scope. There are clear reasons for the selection of this time as it stands for the most hectic period when Kurdish women’s poetry flourishes at a fast pace in southern Kurdistan. The study argues that the liberation of southern Kurdistan in 1991 from the overthrown Iraqi Ba’th regime plays a vital role in the productive reemergence of Kurdish women’s poetry after decades of silence and suppression being inflicted by the male-dominated Kurdish literature. Reliance on Anglo-American feminist criticism, Showalter’s gynocritics and some limited theories about the relation between gender and nationalism for the thematic analysis of the poetry of Kurdish women poets is another influential aspect of this study. The study justifies the importance of these theories for giving Kurdish women’s poetry the literary and social value it deserves and placing it within the larger repertoire of Kurdish literature. It is these theories that reveal the misjudgment and misapprehension of Kurdish women’s poetry by Kurdish male critics. Meanwhile, an extensive thematic analysis of the poetry of diasporic and home Kurdish women poets forms the core content of this work. The work studies the poetic texts of seventeen Kurdish women poets, seven from the diaspora, and ten from home. The themes to be focused on significantly represent the life realities of Kurdish women and the attitudes of Kurdish society towards their rights and existence. Through the exposition of the themes, this study aims to present a realistic picture of Kurdish women and urge for actions required to guarantee gender justice in southern Kurdistan. The themes symbolise a long-term war waged jointly by Kurdish women poets at home and in exile against the classic Kurdish patriarchy and its misogynistic laws. They reflect the injustice committed against women in a century when the respect of women’s rights have taken big steps forward elsewhere and should theoretically be ensured. The conclusion the study reaches is an emphasis on the overall condition of Kurdish women’s poetry and the challenges lying ahead of it. It indicates the level of progress Kurdish women’s poetry has made in southern Kurdistan and the role feminist criticism in unison with certain gender theories that criticise the link between women and nation can play in further developing this type of poetry. Moreover, a rather detailed comparison between the thematic structure and form of the poetry of diasporic and home Kurdish women poets is what enriches the conclusion. The influence of exile on diasporic Kurdish women poets and its relation to freedom of expression is also underlined and measured against opposite conditions back at home. Finally, the point where the poets of the two different localities converge is not omitted.

The thesis is aimed at finding if the ninth-year students (both girls and boys) of selected basic schools have been affected by gender stereotypes, and if the gender stereotypes approach their ideas, perception and decision making. Besides gender concept, the theoretical part also includes chapters related to gender theories, attitudes, gender stereotypes, equal opportunities for men and women in occupation, and the role of men and women in a family. The central chapter deals with topics of gender and education. The practical part of the thesis is focused on determining students'attitudes towards gender area. Using questionnaire inquiry, the author has got data from 204 students (both girls and boys). The obtained data were faced with finding from the relevant literature.

This paper examines the experiences of rural black women in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement by examining correspondence of the grassroots anti-poverty organization the Box Project. The Box Project, founded in 1962 by white Vermont resident and radical activist Virginia Naeve, provided direct relief to black families living in Mississippi but also opened positive and clandestine lines of communication between southern black women and outsiders, most often white women. The efforts of the Box Project have been largely left out of the dialogue surrounding Civil Rights, which has often been dominated by leading figures, major events and national organizations. This paper seeks to understand the discreet but effective ways in which some black women, though constrained by motherhood, abject poverty, and rural isolation participated in the Civil Rights Movement, and how black and white women worked together to chip away at the foundations of inequality that Jim Crow produced.

The thesis "Gender stereotypes in the communication of retail chains on Facebook" deals with the topic of gender stereotyping in the Facebook network. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the theoretical foundations are analyzed. The introductory part of the thesis introduces new media, their theoretical basis and history, and then defines the social network Facebook, on which this work focuses. The thesis focuses on gender and gender stereotypes, specifically the gender stereotyping of women. The aim of this thesis is to transfer the outlined theoretical basis, which focuses primarily on new media and gender stereotypes, into practice and to analyze the presence of female gender stereotypes on Facebook pages on the Czech market that primarily target the female audience. Specifically, it is examined whether and how retail chains use female gender stereotypes to communicate, frequency and what types of female stereotypes are most common, and whether the use of gender stereotyping of women changes over time. At the same time, the work also focuses on women's autostereotypes, specifically how women respond to the presence of female gender stereotypes in Facebook communication and whether there is a visible difference from communication without using gender stereotyping of women.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2003.

abstract: La autobiografía, como medio de expresión y reivindicación del yo, ofrece a las autoras/artistas femeninas la oportunidad de definirse a sí mismas. El género autobiográfico tiene orígenes muy antiguos y resulta fundamental en el proceso de construcción de la identidad por parte de mujeres pertenecientes a grupos étnicos minoritarios. El discurso autobiográfico permite a la mujer ser al mismo tiempo escultura y escultor, creador y creación. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una nueva aproximación al universo femenino de la autorepresentación visual. La autonarración debería estar en el centro de la atención feminista, siendo uno de los métodos más efectivos que las mujeres pueden aplicar para hablar sobre sus experiencias y condiciones. Esta investigación intenta reunir voces multiétnicas y promueve un recurso interdisciplinario que interesa no solo a la literatura y la cultural, sino también a otros campos de las humanidades, como la historia, la sociología y los estudios de género y de la discapacidad. Una de las principales intenciones es desmantelar las formas tradicionales de identidad y destruir las fronteras sociales, adoptando la diferencia y la alteridad como un componente único de cada individuo. Mi proyecto de disertación analiza textos autobiográficos femeninos en sus diferentes formas visuales poniendo especial énfasis en los países de Argentina, México y Estados Unidos. A través de narrativas personales, fotografías, películas, pinturas, murales y producciones digitales, estas obras femeninas examinan temas como la homofobia, la identidad política, la soberanía nativa, la maternidad, la identidad lesbiana y diferentes identidades culturales minoritarias. Algunas de las autoras seleccionadas viven al margen de la supremacía blanca por el hecho de pertenecer a grupos étnicos y sociales minoritarios. Otras voces viven al margen del sistema heteronormativo dominante para reconocerse a sí mismas como lesbianas o bisexuales. Más allá de estos contextos, todas las autoras se encuentran discriminadas por ser mujeres en un contexto patriarcal. Los marcos teóricos que se emplean incluyen en sí definiciones autobiográficas interdisciplinarias teorizadas exclusivamente por mujeres. Podrían mencionarse, por ejemplo, los conceptos de HERstory (Ashby y Gore 1995), Autohistoria (Anzaldúa 1999) Pathography (Hawkins 1999), Feminography (Abrams 2017) y Autobiografilm (Paola Lagos Labbé 2011). Las diferentes historias visuales exploran los diferentes matices de la identidad racial y/o lesbiana de las mujeres que a menudo se perciben como forasteras dentro de su propio país. Todas las artistas objetos de mi análisis se enfrentan a diferentes formas de represiones y están motivadas por un deseo de reconocimiento social. Estos grupos marginados invitan a los lectores a desarrollar nuevas formas de diálogos, prácticas y alianzas transculturales. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2020

Wie sehr offene, kreativ-metaphorische, vielleicht sogar alogische, stärker an Analogierelationen orientierte und weniger von ›männlicher Ratio‹ und festgefügten Vorannahmen ausgehende Denkansätze benötigt werden, um Aussagen über unsere Wirklichkeit machen zu können, ist längst kein Geheimnis mehr: Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik argumentiert unter Bezugnahme auf Hegel, die Wirklichkeit sei »nicht von den denkenden Zugriffen der wissenschaftlichen Rationalität her zu erfassen, sondern nur dort, wo der Mensch das Scheitern seiner rationalen Zugriffe an sich selbst erfährt und sie radikal aufgibt«. Gilles Deleuze fordert, »das Undenkbare zu denken, dasjenige, was zu denken gibt, was wiederkehrt, insistiert, ohne jemals in einem bestimmten Gedanken ausgeschöpft werden zu können: das Virtuelle.«:I N H A L T Gudrun Loster-Schneider »Laßt uns einen Nationalkarakter behaupten«. Einleitende Bemerkungen zum Thema ›Nation und Geschlecht‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gabriele Birken-Silverman Sprachliche Gefährdung der französischen Nation? Zur Debatte der Feminisierung der NOMINA AGENTIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Gudrun Loster-Schneider Von Amphibien und Zwittern, Mannweibern und Mauleseln. Nationalkulturelle und sexuelle Hybridität in Heinrich von Kleists »Die Verlobung in St. Domingo« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Inge Wild »O, Deutschland, meine ferne Liebe«. Exil, Eros und Gender in Gedichten Heinrich Heines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Gaby Pailer (Vancouver) Der Staatsdiener, der Staatsfeind und die gute Tochter. Gender und Nation in Gabriele Reuters »Aus guter Familie« (1895) . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Stefan Horlacher Viralität, oder: Vom kolonialen zum kolonisierten Körper in E.M. Forsters »A Passage to India« and beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Hans-Peter Ecker (Bamberg) Überleben in einem Land, das ein Weib ist. Geschlechtsideologische Imaginationen des ›Deutschen‹ bei Thea von Harbou und Fritz Lang 155 Meinhard Winkgens ›Weiße‹ Identitätspolitik und die Apartheid: Zur Funktionalisierung von race und gender in Doris Lessings »The Grass is Singing« . . . . . 171 Dagmar Burkhart Weiblicher Kannibalismus als Chiffre. Zu Slavenka Drakulićs Roman »Göttlicher Hunger« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

The centrepoint of this thesis is an action research project, the Maternal Alienation Project (MAP), implemented during 2002 and 2003 in Adelaide, South Australia. Resourced by two government-funded community health services, it was established to improve organisations’ (health, welfare and legal) and systems’ responses to the newly termed ‘maternal alienation’. MAP was situated within a tradition of feminist participatory and action research. It was designed to work on three levels: practice, systems and policy-making, and research. The outcomes, processes and events of MAP at the different levels of its operation are examined in the thesis through the employment of a gendered analysis drawn mainly from materialist feminism and standpoint theories. Post-project interviews and focus groups provided further data to the fieldnotes written throughout MAP, and the project’s formal and informal documents. A recent example of a contested gendered concept, “maternal alienation” was first identified and named in 1999 as a component of gender violence (Morris 1999). It forms part of a spectrum of violence perpetrated in households, and had been identified within domestic violence and child sexual abuse. It is a term for the range of tactics used by mainly male perpetrators, predominantly the mothers’ intimate partners and the children’s fathers or step-fathers, to deliberately undermine the relationship between mothers and their children. The mother-blaming discourses and degrading constructions of mothers conveyed to children and those in the family’s orbit are strongly related to wider socio-cultural constructions of women and mothers. The thesis examines theories of gender, gendered organisations and gender violence. It develops the concept of an abusive household gender regime, characterised by perpetrators’ imposition of a coercive and abusive regime on household members, and particular patternings of gendered relations. Comparisons are made between household and organisational gender regimes, which are also viewed in relation to the local gender order at the time of MAP. It was found that services that lack an analysis of gender are likely to re-inscribe the dynamics of maternal alienation in their responses to families. Language was found to play a significant part in addressing maternal alienation, particularly in developing congruence between language and women’s and children’s “lived” experiences. The principles that were developed were founded on supporting mothers and rebuilding their relationships with children, and making visible the tactics employed by perpetrators, thereby reducing their power to coerce and increasing their accountability. The concept of maternal alienation and MAP itself were attacked by a coalition of men’s rights and Christian Right lobbyists. This compromised the operations of MAP, and of its key supporters, managers of feminist and gender-aware organisations. In many ways these attacks, played out at a macro level, reflected the techniques and dynamics of maternal alienation at a micro level. This thesis raises questions about the strategies that feminist organisations need to develop to more effectively pursue feminist agendas, and to re-invigorate a women’s movement. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

No description available.

il faut préciser que les entrevues réalisées sont 33, mais seules trente-deux des Italiennes interviewées demeuraient à Montréal. La trente-troisième femmes a été interviewée en raison de son expertise en matière de migration féminine. 23 enregistrements et 33 transcriptions sont accessibles au Centre d’histoire orale et des récits numériques de l’Université de Concordia de Montréal. Le numéro d’archives de la collection est 2017-02. / Cette thèse a pour objet un phénomène contemporain peu étudié à ce jour, soit la migration récente de femmes fortement scolarisées, professionnelles et universitaires. Ce profil correspond à celui d’une proportion significative des Italiens qui, à partir des années 1990, quittent leur pays en direction des grandes villes européennes ou nord-américaines, mouvement qui s’intensifie dans les années 2000 et, plus encore, après la crise financière de 2008. Cette étude s’appuie sur l’analyse qualitative de l’expérience migratoire de 32 Italiennes âgées de 25 à 65 ans, qui toutes ont une formation universitaire et sont arrivées à Montréal entre 1990 et 2016. Elle s’inscrit dans la littérature scientifique nord-américaine et européenne concernant l’histoire orale, l’histoire de la migration et les nouvelles perspectives qu’apporte la rencontre de ces dernières avec l’histoire des femmes et du genre. Il s’agit plus particulièrement de porter un regard critique sur cette mobilité féminine contemporaine, éduquée et qualifiée, que les entrevues semi-dirigées, mieux que toute autre source, permettent d’explorer en profondeur. Elles précisent le profil socioculturel de ces femmes, leur provenance géographique, leurs parcours scolaires et professionnels en Italie et en contexte de migration, de même que les raisons qui les ont amenées à quitter l’Italie et à choisir Montréal comme destination. Il s’agit aussi d’examiner les chemins migratoires que suivent ces Italiennes, les défis auxquels elles ont été confrontées, et d’interpréter ces questions dans leurs contextes respectifs de départ et d’arrivée. La migration et les politiques institutionnelles, la condition des femmes et les réformes qui la concernent, le chômage et les opportunités d’emploi, l’accessibilité aux études et à la carrière universitaire dans les deux pays : tels sont les thèmes principaux de cette étude. L’examen des entretiens permet de vérifier dans quelle mesure et de quelles façons ces trente-deux histoires publiques et privées reflètent les mouvements migratoires de notre époque. Il permet aussi de mettre en parallèle, et souvent en contraste, la mobilité de ces migrantes et celle des Italiennes qui les ont précédées au Canada et au Québec, dans des contextes socio-économiques très différents de ceux qui marquent la fin du XXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle. Ainsi, la mondialisation de l’économie et l’avènement des médias numériques, pour ne mentionner que ces exemples, ont engendré de nouvelles formes d’identité —métissées, fluides, fragmentées— mettant en communication directe ces deux mondes, celui du départ et celui de l’arrivée, autrefois beaucoup plus distants. Les femmes qui forment mon groupe témoin sont pour la plupart originaires du Nord de l’Italie. Elles appartiennent à la petite ou à la moyenne bourgeoisie et ont un niveau élevé de scolarité. Le climat politique, économique et culturel du pays les a encouragées à partir ; les nombreuses opportunités d’étude et d’emploi, une qualité de vie meilleure et le respect des droits et libertés de la personne leur ont fait choisir Montréal. Au-delà de la diversité de leurs parcours et de leurs expériences, l’étude de ces entrevues fait apparaître des dénominateurs communs à tous les âges et toutes les histoires des Italiennes qui sont au cœur de ce travail. Ainsi, la volonté de poursuivre leur formation et d’accéder à une carrière à laquelle elles aspirent sont, le plus souvent, les premières raisons qui motivent leur migration. Force est de constater que les études et la carrière représentent également l’axe central autour duquel s’organise toutes les dimensions de leur vie, à toutes les étapes de l’expérience migratoire, et au-delà du moment où elles s’établissent à Montréal. La complexité des itinéraires migratoires que dessinent leurs choix de carrière est d’ailleurs elle aussi un de ces traits communs. L’analyse des entrevues met par ailleurs en évidence la spécificité de ce phénomène migratoire contemporain, sélectif et élitaire, lorsque ses protagonistes sont des femmes. Cette dimension genrée est manifeste, non seulement dans l’attitude des migrantes face à la condition des femmes et au féminisme, en Italie et au Québec, mais d’abord et surtout dans les choix existentiels que la migration a exigés d’elles en tant que femmes et intellectuelles, dans leur vie privée et publique, et dans les changements qui en ont parfois découlés sur les plans identitaire, religieux et idéologique. Enfin, en dépit des contrastes qu’ils présentent, comparer cette migration privilégiée et les exodes massifs des XIXe et XXe siècles fait aussi apparaître une part d’expérience commune, voire universelle, en particulier le sentiment de dépaysement et de solitude qui, par moments, affecte mêmes ces femmes modernes, émancipées et cultivées. Quelques suggestions de nouvelles pistes de recherche à poursuivre et de nouveaux thèmes à explorer complètent ce travail. / This doctoral dissertation focuses on a contemporary phenomenon that has been understudied until now: the recent migration of highly educated, professional, and academic women. This profile corresponds to that of a significant proportion of Italian women who, since the 1990s, have left their country for large European cities or the North American continent. This movement intensified in the 2000s and, even more so after the financial crisis of 2008. This study is based on a qualitative analysis of the migration experience of 32 Italian women, aged 25 to 65, all with a university degree, who arrived in Montreal between 1990 and 2016. The study is in line with North American and European scientific literature on oral history, the history of migration and the new perspectives brought by its encounter with the history of women and gender. The aim is to take a critical look at this contemporary Italian female mobility that is educated and qualified. Thirty-two semi-directed interviews allowed us to explore in depth this recent migratory phenomenon and to grasp the meaning of this feminine experience, the attitude of these Italian women towards the status of women and feminism, in Italy and in Quebec, the existential choices that this migratory experience has demanded of them as women and intellectuals, in their private and public lives, and the possible changes that have resulted in terms of identity, religion and ideology. The objective is to define the socio-cultural profile of these women, their geographical, social and cultural origins, their educational and professional background in Italy and in the context of migration, and to explore the reasons that led them to leave Italy and choose Montreal. It also examines the complex migratory paths of these Italian women, the main challenges they have faced, and interprets these issues in their respective departure and arrival contexts. Migration and institutional policies, women’s status and reforms, unemployment and employment opportunities, access to education and academic careers in both countries are the main themes explored in this study. The analysis of the interviews allows us to verify to what extent and in what ways these thirty-two public and private stories reflect the migratory movements of our time. It also enables us to contrast the mobility of these migrant women with that of the Italian women who preceded them in Canada and Quebec, in the very different socio-economic contexts that marked the end of the 20th century and the 21st century. Thus, the globalization of the economy and the advent of digital media, to name but two examples, have generated new forms of identity, mixed, fluid and fragmented, by putting in direct communication these two worlds, the one of departure and the one of arrival, which were previously much more distant. Most of the women in my focus group are from northern Italy, belong to the lower or middle bourgeoisie, and have a high level of education. The political, economic, and cultural climate of the country encouraged them to leave; the many opportunities for education and employment, a better quality of life, and respect for human rights made them choose Montreal. Complex itineraries, fortuitous encounters, both professional and sentimental, and the fundamental role played by profession and career are some of the characteristics of this recent female migration. Suggestions for further research and new themes to explore complete this work.