Themes emerging from women who scored high on the Body Esteem Scale will be different from the women who scored low on the Body Esteem Scale. One hundred and nine faculty and staff women of Ball State University completed the Eating Attitudes Test and the Body Esteem Scale to answer the first hypothesis and established a low, medium and high body esteem groups, (BES) in order to answer the second hypothesis. Twenty-eight volunteers, (of the 109) were individually interviewed.A significant difference was found at the .05 level in the subject's present weight, between groups one and two and between groups one and three thus supporting the first hypothesis. Interviews revealed a greater number of negative responses were recorded in the lower BES group and a greater number of positive responses were recorded in the higher BES group thus supporting the second hypothesis. Further study is recommended. / Fisher Institute for Wellness

In an attempt to determine the relationship between dietary fiber and estrogen levels in premenopausal adult women, seven subjects completed all of the requirements as volunteers for this study. The subjects consumed two experimental diets using a cross-over experimental design. One-half of the subjects were randomly assigned to a low-fiber treatment group and one-half were assigned to a high-fiber treatment group. Food records were utilized to determine fiber intake throughout the study. Nutrient intake during the experimental periods demonstrated significant differences indicating the affect of the varied dietary regimens. No significant difference was seen in mean estrogen levels between the low- and high-fiber experimental periods, however, a positive significant correlation (p<.05) was observed with the change in estrogen level and insoluble fiber intake. Further study with a larger subject sample would be beneficial in determining recommendations for amounts of insoluble fiber intake for the general population. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

No description available.

Current dietary recommendations have placed increasing emphasis on dietary fat as an important element to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although total fat and the fatty acid composition of diets influence the risk of CVD, the optimal amounts of different fatty acids are not well defined, especially if n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are considered. Despite the fact that postmenopausal women are at increased risk of CVD, few studies have investigated the influence of dietary fatty acids on this risk. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effect of supplementation with different fatty acids on risk factors of CVD in postmenopausal women. Sixteen healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly assigned in a three-period crossover trial to treatments of 15 g/d supplements of oleic acid-rich sunflower oil (TS), linoleic acid-rich safflower oil (SO), and eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil (FO). Each treatment period lasted 5 weeks followed by a 7-week washout interval. When the women were supplemented with FO compared to supplementation with either TS or SO, the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to increase (p=0.07 and 0.05, respectively) as did the size of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle (P=0.03 in both instances) while the concentration of triacylglycerol (p=0.0001 and 0.02, respectively) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) (P=0.005 and P=0.01, respectively) decreased. The concentration , i.e., total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, phospholipids, α- and γ-tocopherol, of the two LDL subfractions was not influenced by any of the oil supplements but was greater in the large (L) subfraction than the small (S). When the oxidation of the two subfractions was measured by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes, the lag time was shorter in both fractions after supplementation with FO compared to supplementation with SO (P=0.0001) or TS (P=0.0001) but the effect was greater in the L subfraction. The rate of formation of conjugated dienes, which was slower after FO supplementation than supplementation with either TS (P=0.02) or SO (P=0.001), was faster in the L compared to the S subfraction. When oxidation was measured by monitoring the increase in negative charge on apo B over 23 hr, only the 1 hr time point differed. The increase was greater in the FO-supplemented group than either the TS- or SO-supplemented groups (P=0.001 in both instances). The change was greater in S LDL (P=0.007). These findings demonstrate a greater potential antiatherogenic property of dietary n-3-rich oil than n-6- or n-9-rich ones as indicated by changes to plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apo B, and particle size but the influence of the oxidative susceptibility of L and S subfractions is less conclusive. / Graduation date: 2000

Thesis (MTech (Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2004 / Concems have been voiced regarding the food practices and dietary intake of students since residences changed from a catered to a self-catering food provision system. In this study, the purchasing, storage, food preparation practices and dietary intake of female students living in self-catering residences at the Cape Technikon in Cape Town, South Africa, were investigated. A sample of 60 students, representative of the female students living in self-catering residences, participated. A structured interview, together with direct observation, using an observational checklist, was used to determine whether food practices complied with food safety guidelines. As self-reported and actual behaviour may differ, the reported food safety behaviour was compared with the observed behaviour. The mean food and beverage intakes were determined using two 24-hour dietary recalls covering a week and weekend day. Intakes were compared with the recommendations of the Daily Food Guide and the South African Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. Nutrient intakes were analysed using dietary analysis software. Nutrient intakes were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes for their gender and age grouping. Intakes of S 67% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance/Adequate Intakes or below were deemed as inadequate. The weight status of the students was also determined and compared to the health maintenance Body Mass Index range of 20 to 25 kg/m2 . Results indicated that some, but not all food safety guidelines were followed. Both positive and negative practices were reported and observed.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

This study is intended to provide information about the situation of first-generation Vietnamese women to the IRCO Parent and Child Program Department in Portland, Oregon. Nutrition intervention and food assistance currently offered to Vietnamese women enrolled in this program is the focus of the study. The women interviewed characterize themselves and their eating patterns as Vietnamese, though many changes in practice and concept reflect those of American culture. The study reveals several categories of food acculturation that act both separately and influence the development of each other. These categories are diet, taste, solutions, and concepts. Recommendations are made according to the categories and process of acculturation demonstrated by the participating women and the effects of this process on the health of the women and their families. / Graduation date: 2004

The effect of fatty acids on energy metabolism has been shown to be dependent on their acyl structure. In humans, following short term feeding, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have been shown to increase the thermic effect of food and fat oxidation as compared to long chain triglycerides (LCT). Short term results in animals have been comparable. In longer term, animal studies, MCT vs. LCT have resulted in less weight gain during overfeeding or refeeding after weight loss. However, observations of the longer term effects of MCT in humans beyond 7 days are sparse and inconclusive. Hence, the objective of the thesis was to examine the effects of MCT vs. LCT on total energy expenditure, its components basal metabolic rate and thermic effect of food, and on substrate oxidation, including both exogenous and endogenous fat oxidation for a period of one week, following one week of prefeeding. Twelve healthy college aged women were fed eucaloric 14 days diets enriched with either MCT or LCT in a randomized cross over design, with a two week washout period. Doubly labelled water, respiratory gas exchange analysis, and 1-13C labelled myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids were used to measure total energy expenditure, components of energy expenditure, and endogenous long chain fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The presence of MCT in the diet significantly increased endogenous oxidation of labelled long chain fatty acids following 14 days of feeding, while the presence of LCT did not. Respiratory gas exchange analysis showed significantly increased basal metabolic rate on day 7 of MCT vs. LCT feeding, but this effect of diet was reduced to a trend by day 14. Dietary treatment did not result in significant differences in total energy expenditure during the second week of feeding. These results suggest that, after two weeks of feeding, MCT continue to affect energy metabolism through increased endogenous fat oxidation and a suggestion of heightened basal metabolic rate, but

Graduation date: 1993

No description available.