A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de avaliação econômica de alternativas baseadaem estimativas de custos fixos e variáveis das operações de colheita e transporte da madeira, incluindo encargos sociais e trabalhistas, bem como custos de tributação a serem recolhidos pelas empresas envolvidas, empregando um programa desenvolvido em Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. São geradas nove simulações de cenários hipotéticos contemplando operações 100% verticalizadas, 100% terceirizadas, transporte principal terceirizado, alteração da tecnologia do veículo empregado, distância média do transporte principal, das equipes de gestão da tomadora e prestadora e dos salários pagos pela empresa contratada. Conclui-se que a gestão terceirizada, com cumprimento integral da legislação e níveis de remuneração de operadores e gestores iguais aos da empresa contratante, conduz, em princípio, a custos mais elevados, visto que a terceirização, além de incluir a margem de lucro da contratada, implica uma soma de tributos maiores do que na estrutura verticalizada. A definição da tecnologia do veículo de transporte principal não interfere significativamente no custo final, sendo a distância média na mesma operação o parâmetro que mais afeta esse montante. O impacto da estrutura de gestão da contratante é relativamente pequeno frente ao custo total das operações e eliminá-la, parcial ou totalmente, não compensa o risco associado às prováveis perdas de desempenho e custos adicionais decorrentes da responsabilidade subsidiária no caso de ações judiciais. Uma redução de 30% nos salários pagos pela empresa terceirizada aos seus empregados implica em um custo unitário de ordem de grandeza similar à solução 100% verticalizada. / This research presents an economic evaluation proposal based on fixed and variable costs estimates, including indirect labor costs, as well as government taxes that are due by the involved firms, using a model developed in Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. Nine simulations of hypothetical scenarios contemplating operations with 100% vertical integration, 100% outsourced, main transport outsourced, changes in the main transport average distance, in the main transport vehicle technology, in the management structures of the contractor and the hired firm and in the wages of the employees paid by the hired firm. It is concluded that the outsourcing process assuming equal wages and integral fulfillment of legal requirements, in principle leads to higher costs, considering that, besides including a profit percentage of the hired firm, the outsourcing process implies a higher sum of taxes than the vertical integration structure. The choice of the main transport vehicle\'s technology does not influence the total cost, being the average distance in the same operation the parameter that has the largest impacts on it. The contractor\'s management structure has a relatively small impact on total operating costs and eliminates it, partial or totally, does not compensate the risk associated to the likely performance losses and the additional costs due to the subsidiary responsibility in the case of judicial acts. A 30% reduction in the wages paid to the hired firm\'s employees implies in an unit cost similar to the solution with 100% vertical integration.

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de avaliação econômica de alternativas baseadaem estimativas de custos fixos e variáveis das operações de colheita e transporte da madeira, incluindo encargos sociais e trabalhistas, bem como custos de tributação a serem recolhidos pelas empresas envolvidas, empregando um programa desenvolvido em Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. São geradas nove simulações de cenários hipotéticos contemplando operações 100% verticalizadas, 100% terceirizadas, transporte principal terceirizado, alteração da tecnologia do veículo empregado, distância média do transporte principal, das equipes de gestão da tomadora e prestadora e dos salários pagos pela empresa contratada. Conclui-se que a gestão terceirizada, com cumprimento integral da legislação e níveis de remuneração de operadores e gestores iguais aos da empresa contratante, conduz, em princípio, a custos mais elevados, visto que a terceirização, além de incluir a margem de lucro da contratada, implica uma soma de tributos maiores do que na estrutura verticalizada. A definição da tecnologia do veículo de transporte principal não interfere significativamente no custo final, sendo a distância média na mesma operação o parâmetro que mais afeta esse montante. O impacto da estrutura de gestão da contratante é relativamente pequeno frente ao custo total das operações e eliminá-la, parcial ou totalmente, não compensa o risco associado às prováveis perdas de desempenho e custos adicionais decorrentes da responsabilidade subsidiária no caso de ações judiciais. Uma redução de 30% nos salários pagos pela empresa terceirizada aos seus empregados implica em um custo unitário de ordem de grandeza similar à solução 100% verticalizada. / This research presents an economic evaluation proposal based on fixed and variable costs estimates, including indirect labor costs, as well as government taxes that are due by the involved firms, using a model developed in Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. Nine simulations of hypothetical scenarios contemplating operations with 100% vertical integration, 100% outsourced, main transport outsourced, changes in the main transport average distance, in the main transport vehicle technology, in the management structures of the contractor and the hired firm and in the wages of the employees paid by the hired firm. It is concluded that the outsourcing process assuming equal wages and integral fulfillment of legal requirements, in principle leads to higher costs, considering that, besides including a profit percentage of the hired firm, the outsourcing process implies a higher sum of taxes than the vertical integration structure. The choice of the main transport vehicle\'s technology does not influence the total cost, being the average distance in the same operation the parameter that has the largest impacts on it. The contractor\'s management structure has a relatively small impact on total operating costs and eliminates it, partial or totally, does not compensate the risk associated to the likely performance losses and the additional costs due to the subsidiary responsibility in the case of judicial acts. A 30% reduction in the wages paid to the hired firm\'s employees implies in an unit cost similar to the solution with 100% vertical integration.

This dissertation deals with the car trailer for wood transporting body frame concept. The main part of this work is a strength check of the supporting frame, further the design of suitable structural modifications and it’s check calculation of the stress state. The strength check of the frame is done by the help of the finite elements method. The part of this work is drawing documentation of the frame. This dissertation was developed in cooperation with SVAN Chrudim s.r.o., company.

Cette thèse constitue une analyse de la dynamique du bois mort en rivière par une approche de bilan ligneux multi-scalaire dans une rivière semi-alluviale de région froide: la rivière Saint-Jean, Gaspé. L’étude de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de la dynamique du bois mort a été réalisée grâce à une approche méthodologique combinant quatre années de terrain et par l’analyse de documents historiques. Les rivières de la péninsule gaspésienne produisent et transportent annuellement de grandes quantités de bois mort. Cette production provient à la fois de la puissance spécifique élevée des cours d’eau et de berges composées de sédiments peu cohésifs et comportant une ripisylve arborescente généralement dense. Jusqu’en 2015, le delta de la rivière Saint-Jean comportait plusieurs embâcles de bois de très grandes tailles. Ces embâcles se mettent en place depuis les années 1960, ils représentent une opportunité unique de quantifier et d’appliquer un budget ligneux pour cerner les variables clefs liées à la dynamique du bois mort à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles.Nos résultats montrent que la quasi-totalité des bois morts en rivière est produite par la migration latérale et par l’influence de la morphologie. Au niveau des accumulations dans le corridor fluvial, deux zones accumulent la majorité des bois et ces premiers résultats montrent une mobilité importante qui peut varier fortement d'une année à l'autre. Au niveau de la mobilité, l’analyse d’imagerie vidéo de trois évènements différents ont montré que l’intensité (nombre de bois par minute) du transport de bois pouvait être jusqu’à dix fois supérieures durant un évènement avec débâcle mécanique glacielle, comparativement à un évènement hydroclimatique en eau libre.Finalement, nous avons réalisé une analyse par bilans ligneux et une analyse de la trajectoire éco-hydrophormologique sur une période de plus de 50 ans. Nous avons quantifié chaque composante (intrant, accumulée et sortie) d'un budget ligneux à multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Autant à l’échelle interannuelle, qu’à l’échelle décennale, la dynamique du bois mort comporte des périodes où l’entrée de bois, le stockage et la mobilité diffèrent selon les contextes éco-hydromorphologiques. La trajectoire éco-hydromorphologiques suggère une augmentation de la dynamique fluviale en raison d'un changement significatif dans l'hydrologie conduisant à une plus grande production et mobilité des bois morts et par l'augmentation des volumes accumulés dans le corridor de la RSJ depuis 2004. / This thesis is an analysis of the dynamics of large wood in river by a multi-scale large wood budget approach in a semi-alluvial river of cold regions: the Saint-Jean River, Gaspé. The study of the spatial and temporal variability of the dynamics of large wood was carried out through a methodological approach combining four years of field and by analyzing historical documents. The rivers of the Gaspé Peninsula produce annually and carry large amounts of large wood. This production comes from the high specific power of rivers and by banks composed of noncohesive sediment and having a generally dense riparian forest tree. Until 2015, the Delta of the Saint-Jean River had several very large jams. These jams are put in place since the 1960s, they represent a unique opportunity to quantify and apply a wood budget and to identify key variables related to the dynamics of large wood at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Our results show that almost all large wood in river is produced by lateral migration and by the influence of the morphology. For the accumulations in the river corridor, two areas accumulate the majority of wood and these first results show a significant mobility, which can fluctuate substantially from year to year. In terms of mobility, video analysis of three different events showed that the intensity of the transport (number of large wood per minute) can be higher to ten times during an event with mechanical ice-breakup, compared to an open water.hydroclimatic event.Finally, we conducted an analysis by large wood budget and analysis of eco-hydromorphological trajectory over more than 50 years. We quantified each component (input, output and accumulated) of a large wood budget at multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the interannual scale or decadal, scale, the dynamics of large wood have periods when the input, storage and mobility of large wood differ according to eco-hydromorphological contexts. The eco-hydromorphological trajectory suggests an increase in river dynamics due to a significant change in the hydrology, resulting in higher production and mobility of large wood and increased in volumes accumulated in the corridor of the Saint-Jean River since the last decade.