The search for alternative energy sources has increased interests in forest biomass. During the last few years, the sever infestation of the Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) within the Interior BC forests has led to huge volumes of dead wood that exceed the capacity of the lumber industry. One way to make the most value of the surplus wood is to use it as the feedstock for bioenergy. The forest biomass can be supplied through conventional (roadside residuals), full-tree chipping, or satellite yard systems. This thesis presents the development of a simulation model of supply logistics of forest biomass and its application to a case of supplying MPB-killed biomass from Quesnel Timber Supply Area (one of the most infested areas in the Interior BC) to a potential 300 MW power plant adjacent to the city of Quesnel. The model has the ability of providing estimates of quantity, delivery cost, and moisture content of biomass which are critical in feasibility study of any bioenergy project. The results obtained from simulation model showed a delivery cost of C$45 per oven dry tonne of wood chips to the power plant. The results also revealed that the feedstock recovered from roadside residues in one year meets about 30% of the annual demand of the power plant. Potential increase in the Allowable Annual Cut (AAC) for Quesnel TSA increases the quantity of biomass supplied from roadside residuals. However, as long as the biomass is supplied only through conventional harvesting, increasing the AAC even by 40% does not provide enough feedstock to meet the annual demand of the plant. Using the simulation modeling, this research has the benefit of considering the logistics of forest biomass supply as an integrated and interacting system as well as providing different critical parameters over time. The model also has the potential of considering dynamic and random behavior of the logistics system of supplying forest biomass. The model can be modified and applied to similar cases of conventional forest biomass supply. It also can be extended to other harvesting systems including satellite yard and whole-tree chipping.

The search for alternative energy sources has increased interests in forest biomass. During the last few years, the sever infestation of the Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) within the Interior BC forests has led to huge volumes of dead wood that exceed the capacity of the lumber industry. One way to make the most value of the surplus wood is to use it as the feedstock for bioenergy. The forest biomass can be supplied through conventional (roadside residuals), full-tree chipping, or satellite yard systems. This thesis presents the development of a simulation model of supply logistics of forest biomass and its application to a case of supplying MPB-killed biomass from Quesnel Timber Supply Area (one of the most infested areas in the Interior BC) to a potential 300 MW power plant adjacent to the city of Quesnel. The model has the ability of providing estimates of quantity, delivery cost, and moisture content of biomass which are critical in feasibility study of any bioenergy project. The results obtained from simulation model showed a delivery cost of C$45 per oven dry tonne of wood chips to the power plant. The results also revealed that the feedstock recovered from roadside residues in one year meets about 30% of the annual demand of the power plant. Potential increase in the Allowable Annual Cut (AAC) for Quesnel TSA increases the quantity of biomass supplied from roadside residuals. However, as long as the biomass is supplied only through conventional harvesting, increasing the AAC even by 40% does not provide enough feedstock to meet the annual demand of the plant. Using the simulation modeling, this research has the benefit of considering the logistics of forest biomass supply as an integrated and interacting system as well as providing different critical parameters over time. The model also has the potential of considering dynamic and random behavior of the logistics system of supplying forest biomass. The model can be modified and applied to similar cases of conventional forest biomass supply. It also can be extended to other harvesting systems including satellite yard and whole-tree chipping.

The search for alternative energy sources has increased interests in forest biomass. During the last few years, the sever infestation of the Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) within the Interior BC forests has led to huge volumes of dead wood that exceed the capacity of the lumber industry. One way to make the most value of the surplus wood is to use it as the feedstock for bioenergy. The forest biomass can be supplied through conventional (roadside residuals), full-tree chipping, or satellite yard systems. This thesis presents the development of a simulation model of supply logistics of forest biomass and its application to a case of supplying MPB-killed biomass from Quesnel Timber Supply Area (one of the most infested areas in the Interior BC) to a potential 300 MW power plant adjacent to the city of Quesnel. The model has the ability of providing estimates of quantity, delivery cost, and moisture content of biomass which are critical in feasibility study of any bioenergy project. The results obtained from simulation model showed a delivery cost of C$45 per oven dry tonne of wood chips to the power plant. The results also revealed that the feedstock recovered from roadside residues in one year meets about 30% of the annual demand of the power plant. Potential increase in the Allowable Annual Cut (AAC) for Quesnel TSA increases the quantity of biomass supplied from roadside residuals. However, as long as the biomass is supplied only through conventional harvesting, increasing the AAC even by 40% does not provide enough feedstock to meet the annual demand of the plant. Using the simulation modeling, this research has the benefit of considering the logistics of forest biomass supply as an integrated and interacting system as well as providing different critical parameters over time. The model also has the potential of considering dynamic and random behavior of the logistics system of supplying forest biomass. The model can be modified and applied to similar cases of conventional forest biomass supply. It also can be extended to other harvesting systems including satellite yard and whole-tree chipping. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

The work is being carried out with the construction company Arcona.The aims are to evaluate and make recommendations about theirbuilding logistics solution CSL. For now, CSL is only used forprojects in Stockholm. If a need for CSL occurs in Uppsala, it willalso be introduced there.The purpose of the study is to investigate how CSL works inStockholm, what good experiences and challenges identified by theusers in Stockholm. Another purpose is to identify which partfunctions of the logistics solution that are requested by futureusers in Uppsala.To find out how the solution works today on projects in Stockholm,three qualitative interviews have been conducted. To find out aboutthe expectations of subcontractors (UE) on a logistics solution inUppsala, a qualitative interview has been conducted with asubcontractor. All interviews were then encoded to find themes andsubcategories.The conclusion is that both the subcontractor and Arcona see bothpractical and financial gains in introducing CSL in Uppsala. The mainadvantage of CSL is that it is scalable and you can choose to insertonly the sub-functions that are needed on the current project. Aservice that both sees benefits and which can be recommended is alogistics coordinator who reviews the entire logistics at theworkplace and thereby more easily identifies and solves problems.

La empresa en estudio dedicada a la distribución de productos de limpieza ha presentado elevados costos operativos provenientes de una gestión desorganizada en los procesos de compras e inventarios. Este es un problema que acontece a muchas empresas del sector retail ya que, no poseen herramientas o controles que le permitan evaluar su desarrollo en tales procesos. Para resolver este problema, se propone una gestión de compras y abastecimiento basado en herramientas que implican el desarrollo de pronosticación de demanda con el fin de poder evaluar la tendencia y fluctuación de la demanda, para que la empresa esté preparada ante cualquier cambio. Por otra parte, una clasificación ABC de productos para poder tener en cuenta aquellos productos que tienen una mayor rotación. Además, el desarrollo de lotes económicos, stocks de seguridad y puntos de reposición para el seguimiento de los inventarios existentes en el almacén. Por último, un control adecuado de la gestión mediante procedimientos, políticas y formatos que permitirán una estandarización y un flujo correcto de dichos procesos. Todo ello, con el fin de poder contribuir a la reducción de los costos operativos y aumentar la utilidad de la de la empresa. / The Company under study dedicated to the distribution of cleaning products has presented high operating costs resulting from a disorganized management in the processes of purchases and supply. This is a problem that happens to many companies in the retail sector because, it does not have tools or controls that allow it to evaluate its development in such processes. To solve this problem, a management of purchases and inventories is proposed based on tools that involve the development of demand forecasting in order to be able to evaluate the trend and fluctuation of the demand, so that the company is prepared for any change. On the other hand, an ABC classification of products to be able to consider those products that have a higher turnover. In addition, the development of economic lots, safety stocks and replenishment points to track inventories in the warehouse. Finally, an adequate control of the management by means of procedures, policies and formats that will allow a standardization and a correct flow of said processes. All this, to contribute to the reduction of operating costs and increase the utility of the company. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The master’s thesis deals with Czech cosmetic company RYOR a. s. In the theoretical part is described the supply logistics and associated processes. The practical part analyses the supply process of the company. The goal of this thesis is proposal of efficient solution of supply process and integration of the information system. This proposal will be introduced to the company and in the case of interest the company can take advantage of it.

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de avaliação econômica de alternativas baseadaem estimativas de custos fixos e variáveis das operações de colheita e transporte da madeira, incluindo encargos sociais e trabalhistas, bem como custos de tributação a serem recolhidos pelas empresas envolvidas, empregando um programa desenvolvido em Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. São geradas nove simulações de cenários hipotéticos contemplando operações 100% verticalizadas, 100% terceirizadas, transporte principal terceirizado, alteração da tecnologia do veículo empregado, distância média do transporte principal, das equipes de gestão da tomadora e prestadora e dos salários pagos pela empresa contratada. Conclui-se que a gestão terceirizada, com cumprimento integral da legislação e níveis de remuneração de operadores e gestores iguais aos da empresa contratante, conduz, em princípio, a custos mais elevados, visto que a terceirização, além de incluir a margem de lucro da contratada, implica uma soma de tributos maiores do que na estrutura verticalizada. A definição da tecnologia do veículo de transporte principal não interfere significativamente no custo final, sendo a distância média na mesma operação o parâmetro que mais afeta esse montante. O impacto da estrutura de gestão da contratante é relativamente pequeno frente ao custo total das operações e eliminá-la, parcial ou totalmente, não compensa o risco associado às prováveis perdas de desempenho e custos adicionais decorrentes da responsabilidade subsidiária no caso de ações judiciais. Uma redução de 30% nos salários pagos pela empresa terceirizada aos seus empregados implica em um custo unitário de ordem de grandeza similar à solução 100% verticalizada. / This research presents an economic evaluation proposal based on fixed and variable costs estimates, including indirect labor costs, as well as government taxes that are due by the involved firms, using a model developed in Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. Nine simulations of hypothetical scenarios contemplating operations with 100% vertical integration, 100% outsourced, main transport outsourced, changes in the main transport average distance, in the main transport vehicle technology, in the management structures of the contractor and the hired firm and in the wages of the employees paid by the hired firm. It is concluded that the outsourcing process assuming equal wages and integral fulfillment of legal requirements, in principle leads to higher costs, considering that, besides including a profit percentage of the hired firm, the outsourcing process implies a higher sum of taxes than the vertical integration structure. The choice of the main transport vehicle\'s technology does not influence the total cost, being the average distance in the same operation the parameter that has the largest impacts on it. The contractor\'s management structure has a relatively small impact on total operating costs and eliminates it, partial or totally, does not compensate the risk associated to the likely performance losses and the additional costs due to the subsidiary responsibility in the case of judicial acts. A 30% reduction in the wages paid to the hired firm\'s employees implies in an unit cost similar to the solution with 100% vertical integration.

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de avaliação econômica de alternativas baseadaem estimativas de custos fixos e variáveis das operações de colheita e transporte da madeira, incluindo encargos sociais e trabalhistas, bem como custos de tributação a serem recolhidos pelas empresas envolvidas, empregando um programa desenvolvido em Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. São geradas nove simulações de cenários hipotéticos contemplando operações 100% verticalizadas, 100% terceirizadas, transporte principal terceirizado, alteração da tecnologia do veículo empregado, distância média do transporte principal, das equipes de gestão da tomadora e prestadora e dos salários pagos pela empresa contratada. Conclui-se que a gestão terceirizada, com cumprimento integral da legislação e níveis de remuneração de operadores e gestores iguais aos da empresa contratante, conduz, em princípio, a custos mais elevados, visto que a terceirização, além de incluir a margem de lucro da contratada, implica uma soma de tributos maiores do que na estrutura verticalizada. A definição da tecnologia do veículo de transporte principal não interfere significativamente no custo final, sendo a distância média na mesma operação o parâmetro que mais afeta esse montante. O impacto da estrutura de gestão da contratante é relativamente pequeno frente ao custo total das operações e eliminá-la, parcial ou totalmente, não compensa o risco associado às prováveis perdas de desempenho e custos adicionais decorrentes da responsabilidade subsidiária no caso de ações judiciais. Uma redução de 30% nos salários pagos pela empresa terceirizada aos seus empregados implica em um custo unitário de ordem de grandeza similar à solução 100% verticalizada. / This research presents an economic evaluation proposal based on fixed and variable costs estimates, including indirect labor costs, as well as government taxes that are due by the involved firms, using a model developed in Visual Basic 6.0® - Excel 12.0 for Windows®. Nine simulations of hypothetical scenarios contemplating operations with 100% vertical integration, 100% outsourced, main transport outsourced, changes in the main transport average distance, in the main transport vehicle technology, in the management structures of the contractor and the hired firm and in the wages of the employees paid by the hired firm. It is concluded that the outsourcing process assuming equal wages and integral fulfillment of legal requirements, in principle leads to higher costs, considering that, besides including a profit percentage of the hired firm, the outsourcing process implies a higher sum of taxes than the vertical integration structure. The choice of the main transport vehicle\'s technology does not influence the total cost, being the average distance in the same operation the parameter that has the largest impacts on it. The contractor\'s management structure has a relatively small impact on total operating costs and eliminates it, partial or totally, does not compensate the risk associated to the likely performance losses and the additional costs due to the subsidiary responsibility in the case of judicial acts. A 30% reduction in the wages paid to the hired firm\'s employees implies in an unit cost similar to the solution with 100% vertical integration.

The main purpose for Globalization of multi-nation enterprises is to reach the goal of providing global product combination perfectly. It has to be done via Global Logistics Management and global source integration. For every global logistics enterprise, it somehow has to be fully emphasized the development of Global Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management. Consequently, starting with current development status and the bottleneck of International Logistics Industry in Taiwan, the study in this book is to construct the future blueprint by analyzing the worldwide economic circumstance changes and the cross-coast attitude. Besides, the case is going to take Jardine Logistics Services (Taiwan) Ltd as a typical example and investigate a constructive business and development plan it will be. Currently, it is a tendency for any transportation enterprise to be transformed successfully with global logistics services. The so-called ¡§global logistics service¡¨ is to provide Integrated Transportation Service. By combining international companies of cargo transportation, cargo logistics, cargo warehousing, cargo broker, and as well as 3PL (3rd party logistics), there will be a ¡§Hyperlink Global Supply Logistics Windows¡¨ that helps to approach the goal of Global Logistics Management. To achieve the goal, the following plan is what Jardine Logistics Services (Taiwan) Ltd (JLS) needs to accomplish with efforts: Applying for the idea of ¡§let the cargo go smoothly and quickly¡¨, Jardine Logistics Services (Taiwan) Ltd (JLS) would have to highly enhance the operation efficiency and service quality in order to reach ¡§Logistics Globalization¡¨. That not only helps the cargo run smoothly among Taiwan manufacturers, logistic centers, and sellers, but also improve the distribution fluency between Taiwan companies and international logistics operators. To conclude, only high-efficient operation and perfect service quality will make Taiwan a world-class logistics service center. Key words: Global Logistics Management¡BGlobal Logistics¡BSupply Chain Management¡BIntegrated Transportation Service¡BHyperlink Global Supply Logistics Windows¡BLogistics Globalization

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