Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T18:20:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) teseJulianaAndradeLeitao.pdf: 13366276 bytes, checksum: f1956588e2ce094fd9a8343a999b1281 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T18:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) teseJulianaAndradeLeitao.pdf: 13366276 bytes, checksum: f1956588e2ce094fd9a8343a999b1281 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES / Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar qual olhar sobre o outro, sobre o mundo e sobre os acontecimentos tem sido premiado no fotojornalismo e quais rupturas são observáveis dentro das disputas éticas, estéticas, políticas e ideológicas nesse campo da fotografia/comunicação. A partir de um aprofundamento teórico e de uma observação empírica foi empreendido um processo que teve como meta traçar um panorama do que tem sido premiado em moldes pré-formatados; analisar imagens que causam desconforto, quando são escolhidas, porque não se relacionam com outras imagens já existentes; diagnosticar a potência que o fotojornalismo possui como linguagem visual de impacto que chega a tantos lugares no mundo e atinge pessoas de diferentes classes sociais, faixa etária etc.; diagnosticar e problematizar quais as rupturas dentro dos regimes éticos, estéticos, representativos da imagem que age dentro do jornalismo, possibilitando assim observar os espaços de disputa ideológica desse campo da comunicação e analisar a representação visual da realidade contemporânea a partir das imagens legitimadas pelos prêmios internacionais de fotojornalismo. Para tal, o corpus escolhido é o maior prêmio de fotojornalismo existente hoje no mundo, o World Press Photo. Para poder fazer uma separação que fosse viável e não deixasse de fora nenhuma área de conflito e disputa dentro da fotografia jornalística este trabalho se apropria do que propõe Rancière de regimes de imagem, os três grandes regimes permitiram entender que as categorias semânticas fazem mais sentido quando inseridas dentro do regime imagético a qual pertencem. A tese está dividida a partir da proposta do Regime Ético das Imagens, O Regime Poético ou Representativo das Artes e o Regime Estético. A partir disso, a tese propõe uma hipótese central a do fotojornalismo disruptivo pretendemos responder como poderia o fotojornalismo atual ser disruptivo, para tal utiliza-se os debates da teoria do jornalismo, os debates da fotografia, as questões da alteridade, das Representações e os debates sobre contemporaneidade e ruptura estética. / This research intends to analyze which kind of look and perception towards others, the world and its events has been awarded with prizes in photojournalism and which ruptures are perceptible within the ethical, aesthetical, political and ideological disputes in this field of photography and communication studies. From a deep theoretical framework and empirical observation, this research applied a process to properly trace a landscape of what sort of images have achieved awards; to analyze images that result in discomfort when chosen due to the absence of any relation to previously selected photos; to diagnose the strength of photojournalism as a visual language of impact that reaches so many places in the world and affects people from different social classes and ages; to diagnose and problematize which ruptures on the ethical and aesthetical imagery work within Journalism, making it possible to observe spaces of ideology dispute in this field of study in Communication and analyze the visual representation of the contemporary reality from legitimized images of international awards in photojournalism. For such task, the set of chosen data (corpus) is the biggest photojournalism award in the world, the World Press Photo. In order to properly chose a viable selection and avoid leaving aside any conflict or dispute within the journalistic photography, this research embraces Rancière's proposal of image regimes. The three great regimes allow us to understand which semantic categories make more sense when viewed from the image regimes from where they belong. This thesis is divided from the proposal of the Ethical Regime of Images, the Poetic Regime (or Arts Representative Regime) and the Aesthetical Regime. From this point forward, the research proposes a central hypothesis, the disruptive photojournalism, pretending to answer how the current photojournalism could be disruptive. For such, debates from the Journalism Theories, Photography debates and otherness questions are covered, including questions of representation and debates about contemporary issues and aesthetical rupture

The aim of our study was to examine which news images the media industry choose to reward. The World Press Photo Awards is an anual competition in which a jury of professional photo journalists appoints a winner among over 90 000 contributions. We have studied twelve pictures that have won World Press Photo of the Year over the time span of six decades to explore the characteristics of the winning pictures, but also to give a perspective over time. For the purpose of our study, we took a closer look at the roles of the people in the pictures, as well as the attributes and contexts related to them.   Our findings indicate that myths seem to play a central part in the telling and retelling of stories. The tradgedy of human lives is a reoccurring element, and the people are in most cases depicted in a negative context. The story of the victim, for example, was common in the winning pictures.   We could see that civilians frequently appears in photographs, especially suffering children who often stands as a symbol of weakness. As connected to the mishap of people, our research found similarities to other studies focusing on how news stories speak to our compassion and emotions.

Ambitionen med denna studie var att undersöka vad som i bildjournalistiska tävlingssammanhang anses vara eftersträvansvärt och därigenom blottlägga normer och ideal inom den bildjournalistiska professionen. Vi har tittat på tävlingar som en i en rad av normgivande mekanismer och de ideal som speglas i denna form. Undersökningen bestod av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. I den kvantitativa delen tittade vi på bland annat på vilka teman som gestaltas i vinnarbilder från internationella World Press Photo samt svenska Årets Bild mellan åren 1996–2016. I den kvalitativa delen gjorde vi sedan nedslag i de vanligast förekommande temakategorierna i respektive tävling med en semiotisk bildanalys. Resultaten visade på samma tendenser som tidigare forskning har konstaterat, nämligen att krig var det vanligast förekommande temat i båda tävlingarna. Men en viss skillnad gick också att se, vinnarbilder i World Press Photo representerade ett färre antal teman och det näst största temat var sociala problem, medan Årets Bild hade en större representation och andraplatsen delades av tre teman: brott/terrorism, naturkatastrof/klimathot och framstående personer. Den kvalitativa analysen visade att drabbade barn och sörjande anhöriga var två återkommande innehåll i bilder på temat krig.

The aim of our study was to examine war pictures rewarded by the prominent foundation World Press Photo. Direct and indirect the foundation displays pictures to Western audience, pictures that are considered prestigious and current by the foundation itself. The image of World Press Photo and the editorial staff behind the organization therefore reflect how the West perceives current events in the world. Hereby, knowingly and unknowingly the foundation contributes to construct and reproduce everlasting pictures of important events. By examining how pictures are constructed and to ascertain what resemblances and differences that pictures of the Vietnam War as well as modern wars and conflicts contain, we consequently investigated eight war pictures awarded by the foundation World Press Photo. Our findings indicate that these war pictures offer emotional aspects like compassion and suffering. In addition, several photos provide notion of a postcolonial perspective of us and them. Our results also display that the awarded war pictures.

World Press Photo 1955-2010: a content analysis of the winning photos is a theoretical and empirical research. In the theoretical section the issues of photography as a reality representing medium, historical and current status of photojournalism as a profession and finally visual sociology including content analysis of photography are described. Main research question is: are there any tendencies in the winning photos' imaging of international events from the beginning of the contest in 1955 to 2010? Six hypotheses which assume these tendencies in the field of photography content as well as in the field of photography production are determined. A content analysis is applied on every World Press Photo of the Year including title and technical data. The goal of this research is to find some latent trends of the way international events are displayed in the photographs and to interpretate them in the terms of media studies. In the empirical section the procedure for the verification of hypotheses, the application of frequency, correlation and factor analysis are described and the results are interpretated. In final conclusion these results are discussed and other research aims to further knowledge in the field of content analysis of photos are proposed.

During the last decades, the presence of visual media has increased dramatically. However, very little empirical research has been carried out to determine the implication of the medium photograph as a visual information transmitter. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the characteristics of professional press photos that relate to war and armed conflicts and to examine the framing of victimhood. A thorough literature review as well as an iconographic interpretation of World Press Photos serves to ascertain data in order to permit answering the research questions.   The World Press Photo Foundation is the subject of research as it represents the most prestigious international competition for press photography at present and thus acts as an agenda-setter. That highlights the implication of its decisions about professional photographs since its coverage of certain issues biases the international media coverage of the same. It also affects the development of professional photojournalism. In this context the meaning of photographs in today’s visual media societies can be discussed.

Initially founded in 1955 as a platform for Dutch photojournalists to increase international exposure, the World Press Photo competition has grown into the most prestigious contest of photojournalism worldwide, making it an important arena for journalism research. Using qualitative and quantitative content analyses, this study examines all photos shown in the competitions from 1960 to 2020 (N = 11,789) considering the origin of jury members (N = 686), participants (N = 132,800), placements (N = 2347) and the Human Development Index (HDI) of the countries. The topics displayed on the photos, their degree of negativity, and potential power structures in the photos are analysed over time both in terms of continental and HDI-related differences. Significant results show that Africa, Asia, and South America are more frequently depicted by the topic conflict and characterised by negative images than continents with industrialised nations (Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America). Participating European countries have a significantly higher average number of jury members, participants, and placements than participating countries from Africa, Asia, and South America, which seems to account for a dominant Eurocentric view. Implications and critical discussions are summarized in three interim conclusions at the end of this extended paper.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2011-2012 / Ce mémoire porte sur les tenants et aboutissants d'une série d'ateliers de formation au photojournalisme dispensé en Inde par l'ONG néerlandaise World Press Photo (ci-après WPP). Le regard que j'y porte se situe au croisement de l'anthropologie de l'image et de l'anthropologie des médias d'information en étant fortement infléchi par les réflexions sur les relations de pouvoir. WPP se situe dans la tradition de l'esthétique sociodocumentaire qui s'est développée en Occident au cours du 20e siècle – articulant le pouvoir de véridiction de l'objectivité mécanique à la force sensible du regard subjectif en un élan de monstration réformiste – et a récemment commencé à prendre pied en Inde. Si la majorité des photojournalistes m'a semblé plutôt enthousiaste vis-à-vis la proposition de WPP, j'ai toutefois relevé une résistance de la part de certains d'entre eux à épouser totalement cette conception de la photographie, préférant plutôt ancrer leur pratique dans une tradition nationale indienne. / This thesis centers on a series of photojournalism workshops held in India by the Dutch NGO World Press Photo (hereafter WPP). My analytical lens combines contributions from the anthropology of the image and the anthropology of newsmedia while staying sensitive to issues of power. WPP is a proponent of the sociodocumentary aesthetic that developped in 20th century western photography – linking the truth claim proposed by mechanical objectivity with the sensible force of the subjective eye in a reformist impulse – and was proposed to Indian photographers at the turn of the 21th century. Most were eager to adopt WPP's proposed vision of photography, while some had a slight resistance to it, prefering to link their practice to a national Indian tradition. This split loosely followed generational lines, both sets of photojournalists projected themselves into differents areas – global and local – while articulating their practice to a heightened individuality.

This study explores aspects of journalistic quality in complex digital stories. Based on a tailored overview of the potentials of online journalism and digital long form stories for journalistic quality, all available award-winning stories of the subcategory Interactive of the World Press Photo’s Digital Storytelling Contest from 2011 to 2021 (n = 31) are examined according to their structure and journalistic quality criteria using Grounded Theory. The findings add to the long and ongoing research history in journalism and communication studies on the question of what journalistic quality entails and can be used as a basis for further analyses focusing on the technological and structural nature of digital stories and high-quality journalism. The analysis revealed a differentiation between linear stories and chapter stories with linear elements. While a multimedia nature, continuous text and video content prevailed in both forms, they differed in terms of their complexity as well as certain expressions of quality criteria. Gamification and immersion emerged as new yet debatable aspects of journalistic quality in digital stories.