Τα τελευταία χρόνια το Διαδίκτυο αναπτύσσεται και επεκτείνεται με εκθετικούς ρυθμούς τόσο σε επίπεδο πλήθους χρηστών όσο και σε επίπεδο παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών. Η ευρεία χρήση των κατανεμημένων βάσεων δεδομένων, των κατανεμημένων υπολογιστών και των τηλεπικοινωνιακών εφαρμογών βρίσκει άμεση εφαρμογή και αποτελεί θεμελιώδες στοιχείο στις επικοινωνίες, στην άμυνα, στις τράπεζες, στα χρηματιστήρια, στην υγεία, στην εκπαίδευση και άλλους σημαντικούς τομείς. Το γεγονός αυτό, έχει κάνει επιτακτική την ανάγκη προστασίας των υπολογιστικών και δικτυακών συστημάτων από απειλές που μπορούν να τα καταστήσουν τρωτά σε κακόβουλους χρήστες και ενέργειες. Αλλά για να προστατεύσουμε κάτι θα πρέπει πρώτα να καταλάβουμε και να αναλύσουμε από τι απειλείται. Η διαθεσιμότητα αξιόπιστων μοντέλων σχετικά με τη διάδοση απειλών στα δίκτυα υπολογιστών, μπορεί να αποδειχθεί χρήσιμη με πολλούς τρόπους, όπως το να προβλέψει μελλοντικές απειλές ( ένα νέο Code Red worm) ή να αναπτύξει νέες μεθόδους αναχαίτισης. Αυτή η αναζήτηση νέων και καλύτερων μοντέλων αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό τομέα έρευνας στην ακαδημαϊκή και όχι μόνο κοινότητα. Σκοπός της παρούσης εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση κάποιων βασικών επιδημιολογικών μοντέλων και κάποιων παραλλαγών αυτών. Αναλύουμε για κάθε μοντέλο τις υποθέσεις που έχουν γίνει, τα δυνατά και αδύνατα σημεία αυτών. Αυτά τα μοντέλα χρησιμοποιούνται σήμερα εκτεταμένα προκειμένου να μοντελοποιηθεί η διάδοση αρκετών απειλών στα δίκτυα υπολογιστών, όπως είναι για παράδειγμα οι ιοί και τα σκουλήκια ( viruses and worms). Θα πρέπει εδώ να αναφέρουμε ότι οι ιοί υπολογιστών και τα σκουλήκια (worms) είναι οι μόνες μορφές τεχνητής ζωής που έχουν μετρήσιμη επίδραση-επιρροή στη κοινωνία. Επίσης αναφέρουμε συγκεκριμένα παραδείγματα όπως το Code Red worm, τον οποίων η διάδοση έχει χαρακτηριστεί επιτυχώς από αυτά τα μοντέλα. Τα επιδημιολογικά αυτά μοντέλα που παρουσιάζουμε και αναλύουμε είναι εμπνευσμένα από τα αντίστοιχα βιολογικά, που συναντάμε σήμερα σε τομείς όπως είναι για παράδειγμα ο τομέας της επιδημιολογίας στην ιατρική που ασχολείται με μολυσματικές ασθένειες. Αναλύουμε τις βασικές στρατηγικές σάρωσης που χρησιμοποιούν σήμερα τα worms προκειμένου να βρουν και να διαδοθούν σε νέα συστήματα. Παρουσιάζουμε τα πλεονεκτήματα και μειονεκτήματα αυτών. Επίσης παρουσιάζουμε αναλυτικά κάποιες βασικές κατηγορίες δικτύων που συναντάμε σήμερα και χαρακτηρίζουν τα δίκτυα υπολογιστών. Η γνώση αυτή που αφορά την τοπολογία των δικτύων είναι ένα απαραίτητο στοιχείο που σχετίζεται άμεσα με τη διάδοση κάποιων απειλών που μελετάμε στη συγκεκριμένη εργασία. Τέλος παρουσιάζουμε και αναλύουμε ένα δικό μας μοντέλο διάδοσης απειλών με τη χρήση ενός συστήματος διαφορικών εξισώσεων βασιζόμενοι στο θεώρημα του Wormald. Θεωρούμε ότι τα δίκτυα email, Instant messaging και P2P σχηματίζουν ένα social δίκτυο. Αυτά τα δίκτυα μακροσκοπικά μπορούν να θεωρηθούν σαν μία διασύνδεση ενός αριθμού αυτόνομων συστημάτων. Ένα αυτόνομο σύστημα είναι ένα υποδίκτυο που διαχειρίζεται από μία και μόνο αρχή. Παρουσιάζουμε λοιπόν ένα μοντέλο διάδοσης βασισμένο σε αυτή τη δομή δικτύου που θα αναλύσουμε, καθώς και στις συνήθειες επικοινωνίας των χρηστών. Το μοντέλο αυτό ενσωματώνει τη συμπεριφορά των χρηστών με βάση κάποιες παραμέτρους που ορίζουμε. Επίσης προτείνουμε ένα πιο ρεαλιστικό μοντέλο σχετικά με τη προοδευτική ανοσοποίηση των συστημάτων. Η μοντελοποίηση του δικτύου έγινε με βάση το Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Χρησιμοποιώντας αυτό το μοντέλο που προτείνουμε, μπορούμε να καθορίσουμε τη διάδοση κάποιων απειλών όταν δεν έχουμε εγκατεστημένο κάποιο πρόγραμμα προστασίας ή σωστά ενημερωμένους χρήστες. / In recent years the Internet grows and expands exponentially rates at many levels of users and service level. The widespread use of distributed databases, distributed computing and telecommunications applications is directly applicable and is an essential element in the communications, defense, banks, stock exchanges in the health, education and other important areas. This has made imperative the need to protect computer and network systems from threats that may make them vulnerable to malicious users and actions. But to protect something you must first understand and analyze what is threatened. The availability of reliable models for the spread of threats to computer networks, may prove useful in many ways, such as to predict future threats (a new Code Red worm) or develop new methods of containment. This search for new and better models is an important area of research in the academic community and not only. The purpose of this work is to present some basic epidemiological models and some variations thereof. We analyze each model assumptions made, the strengths and weaknesses of these. These models are currently used extensively to disseminate montelopoiithei several threats to computer networks, eg viruses and worms (viruses and worms). It should be mentioned here that the computer viruses and worms (worms) are the only artificial life forms that have a measurable impact-influence in society. Also cite specific examples, such as Code Red worm, whose spread has been described successfully by these models. Epidemiological models are presented and analyzed are inspired by their biological, which have been created in areas such as for example the field of epidemiology in medicine that deals with infectious diseases. We analyze the basic scanning strategies used today to find worms and spread to new systems. We present the advantages and disadvantages of these. Also present in detail some basic types of networks which have been characterized and computer networks. This knowledge on the topology of networks is an essential element directly related to the dissemination of some threats are studying in this work. Finally we present and analyze our own model proliferation threats using a system of differential equations based on the theorem of Wormald. We believe that networks email, Instant messaging and P2P form a social network. These networks can be considered macroscopically as an interconnection of a number of autonomous systems. An autonomous system is a subnet managed by a single authority. Presents a diffusion model based on the network structure to be analyzed, and the communication habits of users. This model incorporates the behavior of users based on some parameters set. Also propose a more realistic model of the progressive immune systems. The modeling system was based on the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Using this model we propose, we can determine the spread of some threats when we have established a protection program or properly informed users.

Brugia malayi is one of the causative agents of the disabling and disfiguring disease known as Lymphatic Filariasis (LF). This infection is a well-established ailment in tropical and subtropical countries and recently the drug ivermectin has been introduced for the LF control programs. Ivermectin (IVM) is an excellent microfilaricide, but is not markedly macrofilaricidal. However, it causes a long-lasting reduction in the production of new larvae by female worms, suggesting that adult stages are affected. However, the mechanism by which IVM produces such effect in the adult worm is not well understood. One major reason is our incomplete understanding about the biological effect of IVM on adult stages. The present study was carried out to examine the in vitro effects of IVM on B. malayi adult worms using Brugia-gerbil animal model. And also to have some leads in understanding the drug-uptake and location of probable targets in the worm body by using fluorescent labeled IVM and confocal microscopy. / The antifilarial effects of IVM were examined using three parameters: mf release by female worms, and motility, and viability in both male and female worms. The results reported in this study demonstrate that although IVM did not kill the adult worm, but showed significant antifilarial effects on B. malayi adult stages when examined in an in vitro system. Confocal microscopy images of the worms incubated in bodipy FITC-IVM showed strong specific localization signal in the anterior cephalic region of both male and female worms. These observations suggest the early/initial interactions of the drug with its probable receptors that could be located specifically in the head region.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-24T13:11:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula de Toledo Vieira - 2012.pdf: 10699833 bytes, checksum: 2e25915716db787ecacbd31491c5309a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-24T14:02:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula de Toledo Vieira - 2012.pdf: 10699833 bytes, checksum: 2e25915716db787ecacbd31491c5309a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-24T14:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula de Toledo Vieira - 2012.pdf: 10699833 bytes, checksum: 2e25915716db787ecacbd31491c5309a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Nematoda Lagochilascaris minor is the etiologic agent of lagochilascaríase in human beings. Until today, no one knows the natural host of this helminth and Brazil registers about 90% of the cases of lagochilascaríase world-wide human being. The life cycle of L. minor was described using an experimental model in mice and domestic cat, behaving as an intermediate host and definitive host respectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histology of the adult males of this helminth worms, using light microscopy. These specimens were removed after necropsy of cats kept in their cages cataloged in male and female worms, and the adult male specimens were fixed in formalin solution 10 % hot, AFA and 4% paraformaldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer 0 1 M, pH 7.2. After the different fixations, the samples were dehydrated in a gradual series of ethanol in different concentrations of alcohol levels, and included in historesin cut with 3μm –thick microtome, with horizontal and transverse serial sections. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE), Carmin, Giemsa and Toluidine Blue. The best fixation was achieved with the use of AFA and 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer pH 7.2 and the best staining was obtained from the use of the dye HE, which showed histological structures of adult male worms L. minor loop as testicular, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, sperm and spicule. It was also observed structures of the digestive system, muscular system, cuticle, wing side and lateral line. The sections were photomicrographed using photomicroscope with the help of the program Motic Images Plus 2.0, selected and analyzed. / O nematoda Lagochilascaris minor é o agente etiológico da lagochilascaríase em humanos. Até hoje, não se conhece o hospedeiro natural deste helminto e o Brasil registra cerca de 90% dos casos da lagochilascaríase humana mundial. O ciclo evolutivo de L. minor foi descrito utilizando um modelo experimental com camundongo e gato doméstico, comportando-se como hospedeiro intermediário e hospedeiro definitivo, respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a histologia dos vermes adultos machos deste helminto, utilizando microscopia de luz. Estes exemplares foram retirados após necropsia de gatos mantidos em biotério, catalogados em vermes machos e fêmeas, sendo que os exemplares machos adultos foram fixados em solução de Formalina a 10% a quente, AFA e Paraformaldeído a 4% em tampão cacodilato de sódio 0,1 M pH 7,2. Após as diferentes fixações, as amostras foram desidratadas em uma série gradual de etanol em diferentes concentrações de teores alcoólicos, incluídas em historesina e cortadas com 3μm de espessura em micrótomo, com secções seriadas horizontais e transversais. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina & Eosina (HE), Carmim, Giemsa e Azul de Toluidina. A melhores fixações foram alcançadas com o uso de AFA e Paraformaldeído a 4% em tampão cacodilato sódio 0,1 M pH 7,2 e a melhor coloração obteve-se a partir da utilização do corante HE, que evidenciou estruturas histológicas dos vermes adultos machos de L. minor como alça testicular, vesícula seminal, ducto ejaculatório, espermatozoides e espículo. Observou-se também estruturas do sistema digestório, sistema muscular, cutícula, asa lateral e linha lateral. As imagens dos cortes foram realizadas utilizando um fotomicroscópio com o auxílio do programa Motic Images Plus 2.0, selecionadas e analisadas.

MSc (Applied Mathematics) / Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / In this study, we develop a multiscale model of soil transmitted helminths in humans with a special reference to hookworm infection. Firstly, we develop a single scale model that comprises of five between host scale populations namely; susceptible humans, infected humans, eggs in the physical environment, noninfective worms in the physical environment and infective worms in the physical environment. Secondly, we extend the single scale model to incorporate within-host scales namely; infective larvae within-host, immature worms in small intestine, mature worm population and within-host egg population which resulted to a multiscale model. The models are analysed both numerically and analytically. The models are epidemiologically and mathematically well posed. Numerical simulation results show that there is a bidirectional relationship between the between-host and within-host scales. This is in agreement with the sensitivity analysis results, we noted that the same parameters that reduce reproductive number R0 are the same parameters that reduce the infective worms endemic equilibrium point. From the comparative effectiveness of hookworm interventions analysis results, we notice that any intervention combination that include wearing shoes controls and reduces the spread of the infection. The modelling framework developed in this study is vigorous to be applicable to other soil transmitted helminths infections / NRF

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2008. / This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ecological processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges are punctuated by frequent physical disturbance. Larval dispersal among disjunct vent sites facilitates the persistence of sessile invertebrate species in these geologically and chemically dynamic habitats despite local extinction events. Regional population extension and rapid recolonization by the siboglinid tubeworm Riftia pachyptila have been well documented along the East Pacific Rise and the Galápagos Rift. To analyze spatial and temporal population genetic patterns and the processes governing them at ephemeral and disjunct habitats, a suite of 12 highly variable microsatellite DNA markers were developed for this species. Eight of these loci were used to assess the regional and within-ridge genetic structure of recent colonists and resident adults collected from nine sites in the eastern Pacific Ocean over period of three to seven years. A significant seafloor eruption during the seven-year sampling period allowed investigation into the role of local extinction in population genetic diversity at the Tica vent site at 9°N EPR, while collections within two and five years of an eruption that created the Rosebud vent field at 86°W GAR provided insights into genetic diversity input over population establishment. For the first time, this thesis demonstrated significant genetic differences between Riftia populations on the East Pacific Rise and Galápagos Rift. Moreover, the separate treatment of colonist and resident subpopulations revealed a high potential for local larval retention at vent sites. This mechanism for recruitment likely sustains disjunct populations and supports the recolonization of locally extinct areas after disturbance events, while episodic long-distance dispersal maintains genetic coherence of the species. / (cont.) Temporal population genetic consideration at the Tica site on the East Pacific Rise suggests that the 2005-2006 seafloor eruption had little to no discernable effect on local population genetic composition. Yet local populations appear to exhibit a small degree of genetic patchiness, with a high degree of relatedness (half-sibs) among subsets of individuals within both colonist and resident cohorts. This thesis broadens the application of recently developed molecular techniques to study the effect of ridge-crest processes and offers new perspectives into marine dispersal, gene flow, and population differentiation. / by Abigail Jean Fusaro. / Ph.D.

A current initiative to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF), headed by the World Health Organization, aims to interrupt transmission of the disease through yearly community-wide treatment with the broad spectrum anthelmintic albendazole (ABZ), in combination with ivermectin (IVM) or diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Over the years, the use of both ABZ and IVM in the treatment of veterinary parasites has led to widespread anthelmintic resistance against these drugs. In this study, we genotyped microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of LF, in order to detect the presence of mutations which confer ABZ resistance in other parasites, and we identified such mutations in worms obtained from untreated patients in Ghana and Burkina Faso, West Africa. Microfilaria from patients who had been treated with ABZ + IVM, had a significantly higher frequency of the resistant genotype, and this frequency was even higher in worms from patients that had received two rounds of treatment. In addition, the untreated population of microfilaria had an excess of homozygotes in the population. This excess homozygosity was equivalent to a Wright's Inbreeding Statistic of FIT= 0.44, and we found that the population was significantly subdivided between patients. In order to better understand the mechanisms and factors involved in the potential spread of ABZ resistance, caused by such mutations, through a population of Culex-transmitted W. bancrofti, we developed a deterministic model that incorporates genotype structure into the epidemiological model EPIFIL. This model predicts that the combination of ABZ + DEC leads to stronger selection for the resistant genotype than ABZ + IVM, and that drug efficacy assumptions are an important factor affecting the spread of drug resistance. Treatment coverage, non-random mating, initial allele frequency and number of treatments also had substantial impact on the speed and magnitude of the spread of ABZ resistance. When we expanded this model to include potential IVM-resistance alleles we found that, under ABZ + IVM treatment, selection for resistance to either drug is enhanced by the presence of resistance against the second drug. Similarly, excess homozygosity caused by parasite non-random mating may increase selection for a dominant IVM resistance allele through enhancing the spread of a recessive ABZ resistance allele. Resistence developed more slowly when it was inherited as a polygenic trait. Results from this study suggest that resistance monitoring is crucial, as resistance may not be apparent until treatment is stopped, recrudescence occurs and treatment is reapplied.

Το κάτωθι κείμενο πραγματεύεται το φαινόμενο της εξάπλωσης αυτοαναπαραγόμενων αυτομάτων σε δίκτυα. Αρχικά προβαίνουμε σε μια εισαγωγή στα αυτοαναπαραγόμενα προγράμματα και στο περιβάλλον στο οποίο εξαπλώνονται και εν συνεχεία εμβαθύνουμε στον τρόπο με τον οποίο προσεγγίζουμε το φαινόμενο. Μελετάμε μεθόδους ανίχνευσης με χρήση φίλτρων Kalman και εντροπίας. Τέλος, ασχολούμαστε με μια σειρά παιγνίων και σεναρίων με σκοπό την ανάδειξη συγκεκριμένων πλευρών του όλου προβλήματος και την τροπή που παίρνει στις μέρες μας. Εν κατακλείδι, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία τονίζει βασικές ιδιότητες που χαρακτηρίζουν την διάδοση και εισάγει νέες βοηθητικές έννοιες και μοντέλα, με στόχο την κατανόηση και τον ενστερνισμό του πνεύματος των εξελίξεων στα σύγχρονα worms και viruses. / The text below considers the phenomenon of propagation of self replicating automata. We begin with an introduction to self replicating programs and to the environment in which they propagate and then we delve and explain the ways of approaching the phenomenon. We study detection methods via the use of Kalman filters and estimation of entropy. Finally, a series of games and scenarios are introduced and studied, in order to enlighten certain aspects of the problem and its current direction. In conclusion, this diploma thesis marks basic properties of the propagation and introduces auxiliary concepts and new models, having as a goal the comprehension and the adoption of the spirit of evolution of modern worms and viruses.

In recent times, due to the development of information technology,a new form of crime called informational crimes has developed. in relation to this new type of crime, a special criminal law was issued, whose purpose is to prevent and punish illegal activities that affect computer systems and datas, secret communications, and other legal goods that are affected withthis type of crime, such as equity, public faith and sexual freedom. / En los últimos tiempos, producto del desarrollo de las tecnologías informáticas se ha ido desarrollando una nueva forma de criminalidad denominada delitos informativos. en relación a esta nueva forma delictiva, se ha emitido una Ley penal especial cuya finalidad es prevenir y sancionar las conductas ilícitas que afectan los sistemas y datos informáticos, así como el secreto de las comunicaciones, y los demás bienes jurídicos que resulten afectados con esta modalidad delictiva, como son el patrimonio, la fe pública y la libertad sexual.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbertoLFAJ_DISSERT.pdf: 1671046 bytes, checksum: 8699a01f6b8beb7c7731350f466df41d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants is usually done with anthelmintics. However, due to the emergence of ever-increasing parasite resistance to these drugs, looking up an alternative control parasites. One of this is sought in pasture management, as these are the sources of animals` infection by L3 infective larvae of helminths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai and cv. Aruana, and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piat? and cv. Marandu. The work was conducted from May to August-2011 with 48 male sheeps SRD versus Santa In?s breed. The animals were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, and maintained in four different cultivars of tropical forage grasses, naturally contaminated with eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. Each week the animals were phenotypically characterized by parasitological examinations (eggs per gram of feces - EPG, and feces culture), hematological (packed cell volume PCV, and blood eosinophil count) method to evaluate the Famacha? colorof ocular mucosa, and the measures of body condition score and weight. In pastures was made the recovery of infective larvae in order to determine the quantity of L3 present in the pasture. The experimental design was a randomized completed block with two replications and before the entry of animals in the paddocks, they have been wormed. The experiment was ended when the animals reached 32.0 kg liveweight, and then were slaughtered and autopsies performed for the recovery and identify parasites of the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine. Results were subjected to analysis of variance, t test and Tukey`s test. The animals kept on pastures of Marandu grass had lower EPG counts, higher percentage of packed cell volume and higher average weight; those who remained in the Piat? pasture had lower eosinophil counts per microliter of blood. About the Famacha?, the highest prevalence was Famacha 2, and the body condition score ranged between 2 and 3. The results of feces cultures and recovery of larvae on pastures showed the presence of larvae of Trichostrongylus sp., and at the necropsy too. This way, it was concluded that the grass cultivars influences the sheep parasite load; the Famacha, together with EPG and packed cell volume are important indicators for use in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections. The Trichostrongylus sp. was the most prevalent parasite in sheep during the rainy season / O controle dos nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes usualmente ? feito pela administra??o de anti-helm?nticos. Por?m, devido ao aparecimento cada vez mais crescente da resist?ncia parasit?ria a estas drogas, busca-se um controle alternativo e eficaz para as parasitoses. Uma das alternativas est? no manejo das pastagens, j? que estas s?o as fontes de infec??o dos animais pelas larvas infectantes L3 dos helmintos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de ovinos frente ?s infec??es naturais por nematoides gastrintestinais mantidos em pastagens de Panicum maximum cv. Massai e cv. Aruana, e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piat? e cv. Marandu. O experimento foi realizado de Maio a Agosto/2011, com 48 ovinos machos, mesti?os SRD x Santa In?s, naturalmente infectados por nematoides gastrintestinais e mantidos em quatro diferentes cultivares de gram?neas forrageiras tropicais naturalmente contaminadas por ovos e larvas de nematoides gastrintestinais. Semanalmente, os animais foram caracterizados fenotipicamente atrav?s de exames parasitol?gicos (ovos por grama de fezes OPG e coprocultura), exames hematol?gicos (volume globular VG, e contagem de eosin?filos sangu?neos), pelo m?todo Famacha? para avaliar a colora??o da mucosa ocular, e pelas medidas de escore de condi??o corporal e ganho de peso. Nas pastagens foi feita a recupera??o das larvas infectantes, a fim de determinar a quantidade de L3 presentes no pasto. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repeti??es, e antes da entrada dos animais nos piquetes, os mesmos foram vermifugados. O per?odo experimental foi finalizado quando os animais atingiram 32,0 kg de peso vivo, e em seguida foram abatidos e realizada a necr?psia para recupera??o e identifica??o dos parasitos do abomaso, intestino delgado e intestino grosso. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia, teste t e teste de Tukey. Os animais mantidos nas pastagens de capim Marandu apresentaram menores contagens de OPG, maior porcentagem de volume globular e maior m?dia de peso; os que permaneceram na pastagem Piat? apresentaram menores contagens de eosin?filos por microlitro de sangue. O Famacha de maior preval?ncia foi o Famacha 2 e o escore de condi??o corporal oscilou entre os ?ndices 2 e 3. Os resultados das coproculturas e a recupera??o das larvas nas pastagens evidenciou presen?a de larvas de Trichostrongylus sp., bem como na necropsia este tamb?m foi o parasito de maior preval?ncia. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a cultivar forrageira influencia na carga parasit?ria dos ovinos; o Famacha, juntamente com o OPG e VG constituem indicadores importantes para serem utilizados no controle das verminoses gastrintestinais; o Trichostrongylus sp. foi o parasito de maior preval?ncia nos ovinos no per?odo chuvoso

This thesis examines the relationship between Western eschatological traditions and Bishop Burchard of Worms' extended exegesis on the subject of ‘speculative theology’ within Decretum, Liber Vicesimus (c. 1012-1025). Its purpose is to explore the influence of eschatological theology upon the composition of canon law and its relationship with the administration of pastoral care in the early eleventh century. This will be achieved by investigating the authorities Burchard employed, and the unique ways in which he structured his interpretation of the subject. Chapter one reviews the scholarship on early medieval eschatological exegesis, canon law, and penance, alongside that on Burchard of Worms. Chapter two provides an overview of the history of early medieval western eschatological exegesis (c. 33-1050) and the general conditions that contemporary ecclesiastics would have experienced in relation to the study and construction of eschatological texts. Chapter three considers the historical context for the composition of the Decretum and the manuscript traditions of the Liber Vicesimus. Chapters four, five, and six, extensively analyse the structures and contents of the Liber Vicesimus: Burchard and his team of compilers are shown to have drawn extensively and developed their interpretation of eschatology from Gregory the Greats’ exegetical works, as well as identifying other unique influences. Consequently the thesis demonstrates how Gregory’s exegetical works played a central role in building the textual foundations which shaped the theological parameters governing the eschatological thoughts, beliefs, and writings, of many ecclesiastics during this period. The thesis concludes that Gregory’s work provided churchmen with an authoritative moral framework and rhetoric for the discussion of eschatological phenomena that could be utilised in a variety of ways. It also suggests new ways in which historians should interpret the written traditions that shaped the structure and content of orthodox eschatological texts in this period.