Práce se zabývá problematikou měření ukazatelů souvisejících s provozem webových stránek a aplikací a technologickými prostředky k tomu sloužícími ? Web Analytics (WA). Hlavním cílem práce je otestovat a porovnat vybrané zástupce těchto nástrojů a podrobit je srovnání podle objektivních kriterií, dále také kritické zhodnocení možností WA nástrojů obecně. V první části se práce zaměřuje na popis různých způsobů měření provozu na WWW a definuje související metriky. Poskytuje také přehled dostupných WA nástrojů. Následně je vytvořen hodnotící model pro WA nástroje a podle něj je ohodnoceno šest zástupců těchto nástrojů. Hodnocení má podobu uživatelského testování na datech ze dvou reálných webových stránek. Majitelům těchto dvou webových stránek je učiněno doporučení pro volbu vhodného WA nástroje na základě jejich preferencí. Dalším výstupem práce jsou reporty, vygenerované testovanými nástroji, popisující aktivity na zkoumaných webových stránkách.

O presente trabalho descreve uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório sobre o uso dos serviços oferecidos pela Internet para 151 empresas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de nove diferentes áreas de atuação. Os resultados apresentados, em termos de percepção de importância e tempo de uso, colocam em evidência a grande importância dos serviços de correio eletrônico e WWW. São apresentadas sugestões para futuras pesquisas como, por exemplo, o monitoramento dos serviços do domínio .COM.BR.

Este trabalho é dedicado ao estudo e à aplicação da mineração de regras de associação a fim de descobrir padrões de navegação no ambiente Web. As regras de associação são padrões descritivos que representam a probabilidade de um conjunto de itens aparecer em uma transação visto que outro conjunto está presente. Dentre as possibilidades de aplicação da mineração de dados na Web, a mineração do seu uso consiste na extração de regras e padrões que descrevam o perfil dos visitantes aos sites e o seu comportamento navegacional. Neste contexto, alguns trabalhos já foram propostos, contudo diversos pontos foram deixados em aberto por seus autores. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a apresentação de um modelo para a extração de regras de associação aplicado ao uso da Web. Este modelo, denominado Access Miner, caracteriza-se por enfocar as etapas do processo de descoberta do conhecimento desde a obtenção dos dados até a apresentação das regras obtidas ao analista. Características específicas do domínio foram consideradas, como a estrutura do site, para o pósprocessamento das regras mineradas a fim de selecionar as potencialmente mais interessantes e reduzir a quantidade de regras a serem apreciadas. O projeto possibilitou a implementação de uma ferramenta para a automação das diversas etapas do processo, sendo consideradas, na sua construção, as características de interatividade e iteratividade, necessárias para a descoberta e consolidação do conhecimento. Finalmente, alguns resultados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação desta ferramenta em dois casos, de forma que o modelo proposto pôde ser validado.

Neste trabalho, é realizado um estudo dos processos de avaliação de alunos em ambiente WBT (Web Based Training). Para tanto, foram analisadas várias ferramentas de avaliação disponíveis no mercado. Com base nestas análises, foi proposto um sistema de gerência de questões e aplicação de avaliações, onde o termo “gerência” é utilizado com o objetivo de (i) atender requisições dos professores para elaboração de avaliações, (ii) escolher o nível de dificuldade das questões que comporão a avaliação e (iii) usar estratégias interativas para aplicação de provas, como por exemplo, a utilização de níveis de dificuldade progressivos das questões submetidas aos alunos, dependendo de suas respostas anteriores. Integrando o sistema de gerência de questões foi proposto um módulo de auto-avaliações, com retorno imediato para o aluno sobre qual é a resposta correta juntamente com uma explicação do professor, auxiliando no entendimento do estudante sobre a matéria ao invés de simplesmente atribuir determinada nota. Enfim, foi implementado um protótipo demonstrando a viabilidade das idéias presentes no modelo de avaliação aqui proposto. A proposta conceitual estabelecida para o modelo é bem mais ampla e flexível do que a atual versão da implementação realizada.

In recent times, there has been a strong push for higher education institutions to offer more online courses to cater for students who otherwise would be denied university education. While this may benefit the many distance education students, the take-up rate of totally online education by current on-campus students remains uncertain. At the same time, many lecturers have started to design and develop online teaching material for their courses; many do so without the support of their employer - the university that they work in. The purpose of this study is two-fold. Firstly, to gain an insight into how on-campus students perceive online learning and to examine their readiness and willingness to make the shift from conventional classroom learning to online learning with no face-to-face contact. Secondly, to gain an insight into how lecturers approach online teaching; so as to better understand the problems they face when switching to a teaching mode that is quite different from the classroom teaching they are familiar with. The outcomes of this study will provide us with a better understanding of how lecturers and on-campus students perceive online teaching and learning. Understanding students' level of readiness to take part in online learning and their willingness to switch from the conventional classroom to cyberspace will assist universities in making decisions on the future direction of online courses. This is particularly important to those universities that intend to replace conventional classroom teaching with online courses. A better understanding of the problems faced by students and lecturers in online teaching and learning will also enable university administrators to ensure adequate resources are being allocated and the right level of support is provided. / Lecturers' experiences in designing and developing online courses also assist in forming guidelines, policies and procedures for others to follow. An exploratory study was carried out on five groups of students and their lecturers to investigate their perceptions of online teaching and learning. Each group of students was enrolled in a specific subject unit when the study was carried out. All of the students were studying on-campus pursuing bachelor or postgraduate qualifications in various disciplines across the university. Students from each group were asked to complete a questionnaire during one of their lecture sessions. Their lecturers were interviewed individually. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were applied on the collected data. Results of the study found that the majority of the students had sufficient knowledge at using the Internet and were very positive about online teaching and learning. While they would have liked to see more online teaching and learning used in their courses, they would not want it to replace classroom teaching and learning. The lecturers felt that online teaching - the development of online course material and the constant monitoring of students progress, was a time consuming but rewarding task. They would like to see their efforts in taking up such challenges recognised and rewarded by their institution and more resources be provided to assist them in further development in the area. / In conclusion, the outcomes of this study show that if given the choice, not all oncampus students would like to enrol in online courses. The majority of them would still prefer classroom learning supplemented by online learning. Universities should invest in online teaching and learning with more resources allocated to assisting lecturers in online teaching. However, universities contemplating using online courses to replace traditional classroom teaching may find themselves losing their existing on-campus students.

Les récentes avancées techniques dans les domaines du logiciel, du matériel et des réseaux ont permis l'apparition du multimédia dans des environnements informatiques classiques. Il devient aujourd'hui envisageable d'utiliser le World Wide Web comme support de diffusion de contenu multimédia. Des extensions temporelles au langage HTML sont proposées sous la forme de quelques nouveaux tags permettant la description du comportement temporel et spatial, afin de pouvoir spécifier des présentations multimédia pour le WWW incluant plusieurs objets média. Une architecture de synchronisation a été conçue et mise en oeuvre en Java, celle-ci permettant de jouer des présentations complexes définies à l'aide de ces extensions dans un navigateur WWW. Les extensions à HTML sont analysées et transformées en code HTML classique et Java, produisant ainsi un document qu'il est possible de lire dans un navigateur standard. Enfin, le cas des sources de contenu sur réseau délivrant des flots contrôlés par l'architecture de synchronisation a été considéré à partir de l'analyse de la problématique du transport des données multimédia temporelles dans un environnement best effort distribué comme l'Internet. À terme l'objectif est de fournir une qualité de présentation optimale en traitant les problèmes au niveau le plus adapté dans la chaîne serveur-transport-client.

<p>Internationally most Internet trade related payments are performed with the use of a credit card based payment system on the Internet. Payment against invoice is still most common when trading over the Internet in Sweden. The security development, comfort and timesaving indicate that credit card based payment systems on the Internet soon will have a breakthrough in Sweden as well. The Swedish legislation concerning payment is neither especially extensive nor suited to electronic payments but to payments performed with notes and coins. When the legal effects, of a payment performed with a credit card based payment system on the Internet, set in is not fixed. My objective with this essay is to analyse when the legal act payment should be considered to have been realized, when the payment is performed with the use of a credit card based payment system on the Internet</p>

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Internationally most Internet trade related payments are performed with the use of a credit card based payment system on the Internet. Payment against invoice is still most common when trading over the Internet in Sweden. The security development, comfort and timesaving indicate that credit card based payment systems on the Internet soon will have a breakthrough in Sweden as well. The Swedish legislation concerning payment is neither especially extensive nor suited to electronic payments but to payments performed with notes and coins. When the legal effects, of a payment performed with a credit card based payment system on the Internet, set in is not fixed. My objective with this essay is to analyse when the legal act payment should be considered to have been realized, when the payment is performed with the use of a credit card based payment system on the Internet

This thesis explores the use of the World Wide Web asinfrastructure for collaboration among small or middle sizedgroups. A collection of Web-based tools has been developed,whose main characteristic is that they allow users to makeannotations to shared documents. These Web annotations form adialogue that is persistent and immediately accessible to theusers. Special interest has been devoted to observing howcollaborators make use of a common space where Web-documents aswell as Web-annotations are organized and stored. This commonspace has been called a domain. We have also tried a novel method for the design ofcollaborative Web-based systems, called“designing frominside”. It is based on communication between the usersand the designer in the form of a dialogue, which is generatedand presented“inside”the system that is beingdeveloped. In this way, users can make comments about theirexperience using the tool while in the appropriate context.Comments by the users as well as the designer's replies areshared with other users. In this way the users become involvedunobtrusively in the design process of the tool. One of the tools, DHS, has been used in longitudinal studieswithin courses where students also met regularly in theclassroom. In one contextthe students used the DHS as adiscussion or annotation tool for documents that they hadwritten. Within this framework, we also explored how secondlanguage students collaboratively made use of the tool toaccomplish a task that is normally done individually (readingcomprehension). Col·lecció is the latest version of the DHS. Themost important change in this tool is that users can add theWeb-documents to the domain themselves. This gives a newperspective to the tools because it can work as a collectivebookmark system. This system has been used in three casestudies in which a distributed and co-located group discussed acollection of Web-documents. Another system in the family is Col·laboració,which is oriented to supporting collaborative writing tasks. Itfocuses primarily on the communication needs co-authors mighthave around a shared document that is being produced. Thesystem also allows for on-line revision and for generatingversions of the document. This system has been used in 8 casestudies, where we have observed the users’interaction andexplored the possibilities that the Web offers to collaborativewriting. For example, co-authors can use the commenting spaceas a“window to the Web”, as the Web provides a hugeamount of information that can be relevant during the writingprocess. One of the characteristics of all these tools is that theypresent the comments in chronological order. No threadingmechanism is used, although several users have requested athreaded presentation of the comments. This design choice isbased on the belief that with threading of comments, the focusof the discussion could drastically divert from its originaltopic, the document. In our observations, a dual discoursecontext is often found in the comments referring both to aprevious comment and to the shared document. To facilitateorientation in the discussions, we have also developed avisualization tool called Domain Interactivity Diagram (DID),designed to work together with the other systems. The studies show that the Web offers a suitableinfrastructure for text-based discussions in which the documentcan be given a prime role. It also emerged that the integrationof email was appreciated by users mainly because it wasconsidered as a reminder of the task. In educational settings,students valued the possibility to go through many exampleswritten by other students in comparison with the traditionalway. Also the dialogue formed by the comments was astraightforward way to promote collaboration amongstudents. WWW, discussion, annotation, design, writing, collaborativework, asynchronous communication, text-based communication.