The objective of this study is to implement a low-cost smart camera application on a Commercial off the Shelf system that is based on Texas Instrument&rsquo / s DM3730 System on Chip processor. Although there are different architectures for smart camera applications, ARM plus DSP based System on Chip architecture is selected for implementation because of its different core abilities. Beagleboard-XM platform that has an ARM plus DSP based System on Chip processor is chosen as Commercial off the Shelf platform. During this thesis, firstly to start-up the Commercial off the Shelf platform the design steps of porting an embedded Linux to ARM core of System on Chip processor is described. Then design steps that are necessary for implementation of smart camera applications on both ARM and DSP cores in parallel are given in detail. Furthermore, the real-time image processing performance of the Beagleboard-xM platform for the smart camera applications is evaluated with simple implementations.

Devido à mudança de paradigma originada pela evolução das redes elétricas inteligentes (Smart Grid), surgiram novos requisitos em automação de subestações de distribuição, sobretudo envolvendo operação, monitoramento, controle e proteção. Um nível mais avançado de automação é esperado na rede de distribuição com implementações do conceito de Smart Grid. O objetivo dos próximos sistemas de automação da distribuição é aperfeiçoar o uso dos recursos computacionais disponíveis, objetivando aumentar a disponibilidade do sistema elétrico, a qualidade da energia e a eficiência das concessionárias. E nessa nova realidade, a troca de informação entre os vários sistemas de informação de uma empresa do setor elétrico não é apenas desejada, mas, na maioria dos casos, necessária. Nesse contexto, se propõe uma arquitetura computacional capaz de transferir todas as informações geradas a partir da implementação de funcionalidades \"inteligentes\" na subestação, envolvendo as funções de supervisão, controle, monitoramento e proteção das subestações de distribuição, para o centro de controle da concessionária (COS), o que não está previsto nos protocolos normalmente utilizados, como DNP, ICCP, e IEC 61850. Para atingir esse objetivo é feita a investigação sobre o uso dos padrões internacionais propostos na arquitetura de referência do IEC para realizar tal integração, mostrando a necessidade de modificação nos objetos de dados definidos. Com o intuito de avaliar a viabilidade da arquitetura proposta foi desenvolvido um protótipo dentro do programa de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) regulado pela ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), em parceria com a CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz). Nesse protótipo foram desenvolvidos módulos com funcionalidades \"inteligentes\" que promovem a migração de funções do centro de controle para a subestação. Além disso, o protótipo também implementa serviços web (Web Services) que são responsáveis pela integração da informação, tornando a troca de informação independentemente da plataforma onde os serviços são implementados. O texto contempla as anotações que refletem os passos dessa implementação do protótipo, bem como o registro dos testes exigidos pelos trabalhos, os quais compreenderam a implementação das novas funcionalidades, com a obtenção e tratamento dos dados, e seu posterior envio ao centro de controle. / Due to the paradigm shift caused by the evolution of the power grids, resulting in a new concept of Smart Grid, new requirements in automation of distribution substations emerged, especially those involving the operation, monitoring, control and protection. A more advanced level of automation is expected in the distribution network with implementations of the concepts related to Smart Grid. The goal of the next distribution automation systems is to optimize the use of available resources, intending to increase the availability of the power system, the power quality and the efficiency of the utilities. In this new context, the exchange of information between the various information systems of an electrical utility is not only desired, but in most cases, necessary. In this context, it is proposed a computational architecture capable of transferring all the information generated from the implementation of \"smart\" functions in the substation, involving supervisory, control, monitoring and protection of distribution substations, to the utility control center (COS), which is not provided for in the protocols commonly used by the utility, such as DNP, ICCP, and IEC 61850. Research on the use of international standards proposed in the IEC reference architecture to achieve such integration is also performed, revealing the necessity of modifying the defined data model. A prototype was developed in a partnership with CPFL (Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz), in order to assess the feasibility of the proposed architecture, within the R&D program regulated by ANEEL (Brazilian Electric Power Agency). Modules have been developed with the \"smart\" features that promote migration of some control center functions to the substation. In addition, the prototype also implements web services that are responsible for the data integration, with the information being exchanged regardless of the platform where the services are implemented. The text includes notes reflecting the steps of this prototype implementation, as well as the tests required to validate the model, which comprised the implementation of those new features, obtaining and processing the data, and subsequent sending to the utility control center (DMS).

Die hier verwendete Methode der dynamischen Magnetresonanztomographie (dMRT) erlaubte bei Hirntumorpatienten erstmals, gleichzeitig neben dem regionalen zerebralen Blutvolumen (rCBV) und dem regionalen zerebralen Blutfluß weitere Parameter, wie Permeabilitäten, die interstitiellen Volumina und das Zellvolumen, zu bestimmen. Anhand dieser Parameter sollte erstens geprüft werden, inwieweit diese zu einer besseren Malignitätseinstufung von Hirntumoren beitragen. Zweitens sollte geklärt werden, inwiefern sich die untersuchten Tumorgruppen voneinander unterscheiden lassen. Drittens war es Ziel, ein in-vivo-Grading für die Gliome zu entwickeln. Es wurden 60 Patienten mit verschiedenen Tumoren, wie Gliome, Metastasen, Meningeome und Lymphome, untersucht. Die aus der dMRT-Untersuchung erhaltenen Daten wurden mit einem pharmakokinetischen Modell ausgewertet. Für jeden Patienten wurden die oben genannten Parameter in Form von Bildern dargestellt und quantitativ berechnet. Für die Tumordifferenzierung eignete sich das mittlere rCBV am besten: Innerhalb der Gliome konnte signifikant zwischen den Grad-II- und Grad-III-Gliomen und den Grad-II- und Grad-IV-Gliomen unterschieden werden. Weiterhin konnten die Meningeome signifikant von den anderen untersuchten Tumorentitäten abgegerenzt werden. Das in-vivo-Grading der Gliome erlaubte in 71 % der Fälle eine korrekte Zuordnung zum WHO-Grad. Die Parameterbilder lieferten neben Informationen für die Tumordifferenzierung auch beispielsweise Hinweise auf den heterogenen Tumoraufbau. Des weiteren ermöglichten sie, Narbengewebe gegenüber Tumorgewebe abzugrenzen und Folgen einer Strahlentherapie zu beobachten. Schließlich waren Aussagen über die Gefäßarchitektur und das Wachstum unterschiedlicher Tumorgruppen möglich. Die mit der hier verwendeten Methode der dMRT erhaltenen Parameter boten mehrere Vorteile: Eine Differenzierung einzelner Tumorgruppen war möglich. Für die Gliome konnte mittels des in-vivo-Gradings eine quantitative Malignitätseinschätzung erfolgen. Die gewonnenen Informationen über den heterogenen Tumoraufbau erlauben bessere Biopsieergebnisse. Zusätzlich wurden Hinweise auf die Tumorpathophysiologie erhalten und es erschien möglich Veränderungen nach Therapie zu beobachten. / A method of dynamic magnet resonance imaging (dMRI) was used, which allowed for the first time to determine simultaneously several parameters in patients with brain tumors. These parameters were the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), the regional cerebral blood flow, and in addition, permeabilities, interstitial volumes, and the cell volume. First, it should be determined to what extent these parameters allow a better classification of the malignancy of brain tumors. Second, it should be evaluated how far it is possible to differentiate the examined tumor groups from each other. Third, a method for an in-vivo-grading specifically for gliomas should be developed. Altogether 60 patients with different tumors such as gliomas, metastasis, meningiomas, and lymphomas were examined. The data of the dMRI examination were evaluated using a pharmacokinetic model. For every patient, the parameters mentioned above were shown in maps and calculated quantitatively. The mean rCBV resulted in the best tumor differentiation: within the group of gliomas it was possible to differentiate significantly between grade-II- and grade-III-gliomas and grade-II- and grade-IV-gliomas. Furthermore, meningiomas were differentiated significantly from the other tumors. In respect to the group of gliomas, the tumor grades determined by the developed in-vivo-grading corresponded with the WHO grade of each glioma in 71 % of the cases. The parameter maps were not only usefull for tumor differentiation, but also yielded information concerning the heterogenous tumor structure. Additionally, these maps allowed to differentiate scar tissue from tumor tissue and effects of a radiotherapy could be observed. Finally, information about the vessel architecture and the growth of different tumor groups could be obtained. The parameters determined by the dMRI method used here offered several advantages: it was possible to differentiate between single tumor groups. For the gliomas, a quantitative malignancy classification resulted from the in-vivo-grading. The information concerning the structure of the heterogeneity of the tumor allows for better biopsy results. Additionally, information was also obtained concerning the pathophysiology of the tumors and it seemed possible to observe changes after a therapy.