Compreender os problemas emocionais/comportamentais vivenciados pelos jovens é um desafio para os profissionais da saúde mental. Dentre os modelos de avaliação destas dificuldades, um dos mais utilizados é o de avaliação empiricamente baseada, no qual as síndromes são elaboradas a partir de análises estatísticas que evidenciam a co-ocorrência de problemas com base em levantamentos epidemiológicos. O Sistema Achenbach de Avaliação Empiricamente Baseada (ASEBA) oferece o Youth Self-Report (YSR) como instrumento de autorrelato aplicado em adolescentes. Nesse inventário, os jovens de 11 a 18 anos fornecem informações sobre suas competências e problemas emocionais/comportamentais. Diversos estudos têm sido realizados buscando validar o YSR em diferentes países, visto a importância de se padronizar os procedimentos de avaliação para a cultura na qual vão ser usados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo validar o Inventário de Autoavaliação para Adolescentes, versão brasileira do YSR. Um total de 540 adolescentes encaminhados para atendimento em serviços de saúde mental e 2836 adolescentes não-encaminhados, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos, provenientes de quatro das cinco regiões brasileiras, preencheram o inventário. O nível socioeconômico dos participantes foi calculado utilizando o Critério Brasil. Os resultados indicam adequação do modelo fatorial do instrumento para a população brasileira (RMSEA = 0,032), bons índices de consistência interna e capacidade discriminante das escalas e itens de problemas emocionais/comportamentais. Para as escalas de competências os resultados foram menos expressivos. Diferenças nos escores foram encontradas em função do sexo e idade do adolescente, seguindo o mesmo padrão reportado nos referidos estudos internacionais. Poucas diferenças foram encontradas em função do tipo de escola frequentada, do nível socioeconômico e da região do país. Em conjunto, os resultados confirmam a validade e fidedignidade do YSR para a população brasileira, além de indicarem normas adequadas para o uso do instrumento no país / Understanding youths emotional/behavioral problems is a challenge to mental health professional. Within assessment methods, one of the most used is empirically based assessment, on which syndromes are elaborated based on statistical analyzes of co-occurrence of problems based on epidemiological researches. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) provides the Youth Self-Report (YSR) as a tool to access adolescents problems. On this form, youths give information regarding their competences and emotional/behavioral problems. Several studies have been conducted in order to validate the YSR on different countries, considering the importance of standardization of the assessment procedures for the culture where they will be used. The aim of this study was to validate the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for assessing Brazilian youths. A total of 540 referred and 2886 non-referred youths, aged 11 to 18 years old, from four of the five regions of Brazil, filled out the form. Socioeconomic data were also collected. Results indicate good model fit indexes for the Brazilian population (RMSEA = 0.032), internal consistency and discriminate capacity for the problems scales. Less expressive results were found for the competence scales. Sex and age differences followed the patters established by studies from several societies. Country region and socioeconomic had low impact on the results. Taken together, the results indicate the validity and reliability of the YSR for the Brazilian population, and indicate the appropriate norms for the use of the questionnaire in this country

Compreender os problemas emocionais/comportamentais vivenciados pelos jovens é um desafio para os profissionais da saúde mental. Dentre os modelos de avaliação destas dificuldades, um dos mais utilizados é o de avaliação empiricamente baseada, no qual as síndromes são elaboradas a partir de análises estatísticas que evidenciam a co-ocorrência de problemas com base em levantamentos epidemiológicos. O Sistema Achenbach de Avaliação Empiricamente Baseada (ASEBA) oferece o Youth Self-Report (YSR) como instrumento de autorrelato aplicado em adolescentes. Nesse inventário, os jovens de 11 a 18 anos fornecem informações sobre suas competências e problemas emocionais/comportamentais. Diversos estudos têm sido realizados buscando validar o YSR em diferentes países, visto a importância de se padronizar os procedimentos de avaliação para a cultura na qual vão ser usados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo validar o Inventário de Autoavaliação para Adolescentes, versão brasileira do YSR. Um total de 540 adolescentes encaminhados para atendimento em serviços de saúde mental e 2836 adolescentes não-encaminhados, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos, provenientes de quatro das cinco regiões brasileiras, preencheram o inventário. O nível socioeconômico dos participantes foi calculado utilizando o Critério Brasil. Os resultados indicam adequação do modelo fatorial do instrumento para a população brasileira (RMSEA = 0,032), bons índices de consistência interna e capacidade discriminante das escalas e itens de problemas emocionais/comportamentais. Para as escalas de competências os resultados foram menos expressivos. Diferenças nos escores foram encontradas em função do sexo e idade do adolescente, seguindo o mesmo padrão reportado nos referidos estudos internacionais. Poucas diferenças foram encontradas em função do tipo de escola frequentada, do nível socioeconômico e da região do país. Em conjunto, os resultados confirmam a validade e fidedignidade do YSR para a população brasileira, além de indicarem normas adequadas para o uso do instrumento no país / Understanding youths emotional/behavioral problems is a challenge to mental health professional. Within assessment methods, one of the most used is empirically based assessment, on which syndromes are elaborated based on statistical analyzes of co-occurrence of problems based on epidemiological researches. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) provides the Youth Self-Report (YSR) as a tool to access adolescents problems. On this form, youths give information regarding their competences and emotional/behavioral problems. Several studies have been conducted in order to validate the YSR on different countries, considering the importance of standardization of the assessment procedures for the culture where they will be used. The aim of this study was to validate the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for assessing Brazilian youths. A total of 540 referred and 2886 non-referred youths, aged 11 to 18 years old, from four of the five regions of Brazil, filled out the form. Socioeconomic data were also collected. Results indicate good model fit indexes for the Brazilian population (RMSEA = 0.032), internal consistency and discriminate capacity for the problems scales. Less expressive results were found for the competence scales. Sex and age differences followed the patters established by studies from several societies. Country region and socioeconomic had low impact on the results. Taken together, the results indicate the validity and reliability of the YSR for the Brazilian population, and indicate the appropriate norms for the use of the questionnaire in this country

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana de Fatima Ribeiro.pdf: 1024780 bytes, checksum: d13e14bac4328d6e7a146f7ac32bb833 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity (ADHD) is characterized by a pattern of persistent inattention and/ or hyperactivity that it is more severe than normally observed in individuals with an equivalent level of development. It is a disorder in which the symptoms are varied and may interfere in different degrees according to the environment in which the individual is inserted. The identification of the signs of this disorder must take into consideration an assessment of the neuropsychological functions and of the behavioral indicators, preferably from multiple informants such as parents or guardians, teachers and the adolescent itself. This project aims to identify the main agreements relating to the behaviors of adolescents complaining of symptoms of ADHD observed by multiple informants, and correlate them to their performance on neuropsychological tests. It was used the inventories CBCL/6-18, TRF/6-18 and YSR/11-18 belonging to the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) and WISC-III, Wisconsin and the Concentrated Attention Test (AC). Twenty adolescents participated in this study aged between 11 and 16 years, divided into two groups, ten with diagnostic (ADHD group) and ten without ADHD (control group). All participants were part of the protocol of neuropsychological, behavioral and clinical assessment to identify signs of inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity of the Developmental Disorders Post-Graduation Program at Mackenzie Presbyterian University. The results for the concordance rates in the answers provided by multiple informants in the correlation between CBCL versus TRF, CBCL versus YSR and TRF versus YSR, through values of reference (Q corr), according to the ADM program version 7, were high for both groups. In the comparison of the scales of Internalizing, Externalizing and Total Problems in function of the groups and instruments, as much as for the scales of problems of attention and attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity, it was observed in the ADHD group that the parents reported more problems than the teachers and in the control group the teachers reported significantly greater number of problems. In the comparison of the scales of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in function of the groups and instruments it was verified that the parents also perceive more alterations in the behavior in different instruments constituents of this scale than the teachers. Regarding to correlations of neuropsychological tests and behavioral indicators of problems of behavior in different instruments, no significant differences were observed. It is therefore concluded the need to compose procedures of assessment of people with the complaint of ADHD with different reporting instruments by multiple informants, besides other procedures such as direct observation or neuropsychological testing for the establishment of a cognitive profile as an aid in the process of assessment. / O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) se caracteriza por um padrão de desatenção e/ou hiperatividade persistente e mais grave do que o normalmente observado em indivíduos com nível equivalente de desenvolvimento. Trata-se de um transtorno cujos sintomas são variados e podem interferir em graus diversos conforme o ambiente no qual o indivíduo está inserido. A identificação dos sinais desse transtorno deve levar em consideração uma avaliação das funções neuropsicológicas e de indicadores comportamentais, preferencialmente a partir de múltiplos informantes como pais ou responsáveis, professores e o próprio adolescente. Este projeto tem como objetivo identificar as principais concordâncias referentes aos comportamentos dos adolescentes com queixa dos sintomas de TDAH, observados pelos múltiplos informantes e posteriormente correlacioná-los ao seu desempenho nos testes neuropsicológicos. Foram usados os inventários CBCL/6-18, TRF/6-18 e YSR/11-18 que pertencem ao Sistema de Avaliação Baseado em Evidência do Achenbach (ASEBA) e WISC-III, Wisconsin e Teste de Atenção Concentrada (AC). Participaram desse estudo 20 adolescentes com idades entre 11 a 16 anos, divididos em dois grupos, 10 com diagnóstico (grupo TDAH) e 10 sem TDAH (grupo controle).Todos os participantes fizeram parte do protocolo de avaliação neuropsicológica, comportamental e clínica para identificar sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade/impulsividade do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Os resultados para os índices de concordância nas respostas fornecidas pelos múltiplos informantes na correlação entre CBCL versus TRF, CBCL versus YSR e TRF versus YSR, pelo meio dos valores de referência (Q corr), de acordo com o programa ADM versão 7, mostrou-se alta para os dois grupos. Na comparação das escalas de Problemas Internalizantes, Externalizantes e Totais em função dos grupos e instrumentos tanto quanto para as escalas de Problemas de atenção e Problemas de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, observou-se no grupo TDAH que os pais relataram mais problemas que os professores e no grupo controle os professores é quem relataram um número significativamente maior de problemas. Na comparação das escalas de Ritmo Cognitivo Lento em função dos grupos e instrumentos, verificou-se que os pais também perceberam mais alterações nos comportamentos constituintes dessa escala que os professores. Com relação às correlações dos testes neuropsicológicos e dos indicadores comportamentais de problemas de comportamento nos diferentes instrumentos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclui-se, assim, a necessidade de compor procedimentos de avalição de pessoas com queixas de TDAH com diferentes instrumentos de relato por múltiplos informantes, além de outros procedimentos como observação direta ou testagem neuropsicológica para o estabelecimento de um perfil cognitivo para auxiliar no processo de avaliação.

This thesis presents several studies of normative development in adolescence, focusing specifically on internalized perceptions of parents’ early behavior and how these perceptions affect the self-concept and social functioning during. Questions of possible age and gender differences in relation to perceptions of self-concept and early parental behavior are addressed. The patterns found in a normal adolescent group are compared with those in a group of adolescents with antisocial problems. Two hundred seventy-seven normal adolescents aged 12 to18 and 30 adolescents with antisocial problems aged 13-19 were investigated. The following self-administered instruments were used: self-concept assessments, the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) introject questionnaire, perception of early parental behavior assessment, the SASB mother/father questionnaires, and the EMBU (A Swedish acronym for “own memories of upbringing”). The Youth Self Report checklist (YSR) was used to assess internalizing and externalizing problems. Studies I and II showed that the normal adolescent self-concept and perception of early parental behavior were positive and that there were no age or gender differences. The antisocial group of adolescents, and particularly the antisocial girls, showed a more autonomous and negative self-concept and more negative perceptions of early parental behaviors. Study III showed that a positive self-concept was related to a positive perception of parent’s early behavior. Study IV showed that an adolescent’s positive self-concept was influenced by a mix of mother acting positively and father acting with control. Adolescent self-control was indirectly influenced by parental control behavior mediated through self-affiliation. Study V showed that a positive self-concept was important for adjustment. A negative self-concept combined with female gender was a risk factor for internalizing problems. Self-control had only a small effect on social adjustment in adolescence. The relationship between a negative self-concept and externalizing problem behavior was stronger for adolescents aged 15 to 16 than for younger or older adolescents. Internalizing problem behavior influenced externalizing problems. The results presented in this thesis support a modified “storm-and-stress” view of adolescence and highlight the importance of promoting a positive self-concept in every adolescent in various psychosocial contexts.

In the first part of the thesis, the need for physics beyond the Standard Model, as attested to by the evidence of dark matter, motivates us to study the effects of introducing into the standard theory of Leptogenesis a hidden sector scalar coupled to the Standard Model through the Higgs portal. We find that the new interactions are not constrained by the Davidson-Ibarra bound, thus allowing us to lower the mass scale of Leptogenesis into the TeV range, accessible to experiments. We then consider a broader class of new physics models below the electroweak scale, and classify precision observables according to whether or not deviations from the Standard Model at current levels of sensitivity can be explained purely in terms of new light degrees of freedom. We find that hadronic precision observables, e.g. those that test fundamental symmetries such as electric dipole moments, are unambiguous pointers to new UV physics. In the second part of the thesis, motivated by recent measurements of the spatial structure of impurities embedded in superconductors (SC), we study the effect of superconductivity on impurity states by generalizing the Anderson model of a quantum s-wave impurity to include orbital degeneracy. We find that the proximity effect induces an electron-electron attractive potential on the impurity site that mirrors the BCS pairing mechanism, resulting in the appearance of atomic Cooper pairs within the superconducting energy gap, called Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states. We find that electron orbital degeneracy allows YSR states to have non-trivial orbital quantum numbers thus opening the possibility for optical transitions among YSR states. We enumerate the one-photon selection rules that apply to YSR states, unveiling transitions to the vacuum state that are forbidden in the normal state. / Graduate