Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90).

Evaluation of soybean recombinant inbred lines for seed weight yield, agronomic traits, and resistance to sudden death syndrome Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme is a devastating disease in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that causes up to 70% of yield losses depending on the developmental stage when the plant become infected. The characterization of resistance is greatly significant for disease management. Therefore, three populations were developed by crossing three resistant lines, `Hamilton', LS90-1920 and LS97-1610 with a susceptible line to SDS, `Spencer'. Ninety-four F5:6 recombinant inbred lines from each population (Hamilton x Spencer, LS90-1920 x Spencer, and LS97-1610 x Spencer) were evaluated for two years (2009 and 2010) at two locations (Carbondale and Valmeyer) in southern Illinois. Population statistics, genotype x environment interaction, and broad-sense heritability were used to reveal any major resistance genes. Genetic correlation coefficients of SDS resistance with important agronomic traits such as lodging, pubescence, growth habit, and plant height were also calculated. The information from this study will be helpful to breeders in developing populations for genetic analyses and enforcing selection practices.

No description available.

[pt] Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um código de computador para simulação do escoamento de óleo, água e gás simultaneamente em meio porosos, com aplicações em reservatórios de petróleo. O modelo considerado admite efeitos gravitacionais, de pressão capilar, de compressibilidade da rocha e das várias fases em escoamento,assim como distribuições genéricas das permeabilidades relativas com as saturações. A geometria considerada é bidimensional retangular, com o tamanho da malha uniforme. Não são considerados efeitos de destilação nem de solubilidade do gás no óleo ou água. As equações são resolvidas através da técnica IMPES (Pressão Implícita, Saturações Explícitas) e o sistema de equações resultante da discretização por diferenças finitas é resolvido por um dos três métodos numéricos seguintes (i) a eliminação de Gauss (método direto), (ii) o método iterativo da sobrerrelaxação por linhas(LSOR), (iii) o método fortemente implícito de Stone (SIP). Alguns exemplos são apresentados e os resultados do modelo analisados quanto a precisão e também com respeito ao balanço de massa, calculando a cada intervalo de tempo. São apresentados também exemplos resolvidos com diferentes tamanhos de malha interevalos de tempo de integração, verificando-se a influência destes parâmetros sobre resultados encontrados. Em paralelo são feitas comparações entre os três métodos numéricos utilizados, considerando-se a concordância numérica dos valores obtidos e o tempo gasto por cada método para solução do sistema equações. / [en] In the present work a computer program is developped to simulate three-phase flow in porous media,with applications to oil reservois.The model takes into consideration the effects of gravity, capillary as a general function of saturations. Two dimensional rectangular geometry is used,with constant grid sizes. Distillation and solubility effects are not considered. The IMPES(Implicit Pressure, Explicit Saturations) method is used to solve the flow equations and the discretized system of equations is solved either by Gauss elimination, iterative line overrelaxation (LSOR) or strongly implicit procedure (SIP). Examples are presented and results analysed with regard to accuracy obtained in the material balance equation. The effects of the variation of time and grid step-sizes are shown, as well as a comparasion between the numerical methods employed in the solution.

O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) é originário da América do Sul e foi amplamente disseminado pelo mundo, provavelmente por causa do seu sabor agradável e valor nutritivo. A cultura do amendoim é uma alternativa em sistema de rotação de culturas em áreas de cana-de-açúcar no momento da reforma dos canaviais, sendo esta a razão pela qual o Estado de São Paulo, principal produtor de cana, seja também o principal produtor brasileiro de amendoim. A aplicação do conceito da eficiência de produção agrícola para avaliação da cultura do amendoim pode fundamentar análises estratégicas para o setor. Uma das ferramentas usadas para este tipo de aplicação são os modelos baseados em processos. Dentre os modelos de crescimento para a cultura do amendoim já existente, destaca-se o incluído no sistema computacional DSSAT, denominado CROPGRO, que tem sido bastante aplicado em todo o mundo por pesquisadores da área. O desenvolvimento de modelos próprios por pesquisadores intensifica o processo de aprendizado e auxilia na redução de incertezas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar conhecimento sobre a cultura do amendoim quanto a necessidade hídrica, conciliado ao desenvolvimento e calibração de modelos de simulação para quantificação da eficiência de produção agrícola nas principais regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo. A calibração do modelo CROPGRO-Peanut foi eficiente em simular a fenologia, para as variáveis vegetativas o índice d de Wilmott foi satisfatório para IAF (0,88 a 0,90), N° de folhas (0,58 a 0,85), AF específica (0,82 a 0,98), massa vegetativa (0,94 a 0,98) conforme a reposição hídrica aplicada, com valores de r2 acima de 0,65. Quanto as variáveis produtivas, embora os índices d e r2 foram satisfatórios, a EF foi baixa para ambos os tratamentos. Já o Simulador agronômico simplificado para Arachis hypogaea (SASAH), modelo inicialmente proposto neste trabalho pode ser considerando ainda em fase de construção e necessita de ajustes adicionais em seus algoritmos, não sendo utilizado na tese para simulação da produção potencial e atingível do amendoim. A eficiência média da produção no estado de São Paulo é de 52%, variando entre 33% em Ribeirão Preto até 72% em Marília. / Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) originates from South America and was widely disseminated throughout the world, probably because of its pleasant taste and nutritional value. The peanut crop is an alternative in a system of crop rotation in areas of sugarcane at the time of sugarcane reform, which is why the State of São Paulo, the main producer of sugarcane, is also the main producer Brazilian peanut. The application of the concept of agricultural production efficiency to evaluate the peanut crop can support strategic analysis for the sector. One of the tools used for this type of application is process-based models. Among the growth models for the existing peanut crop, the one included in the DSSAT computer system, called CROPGRO, has been widely applied by researchers in the area. The development of own models by researchers intensifies the learning process and helps reduce uncertainty. The goal of this work was to generate knowledge about the peanut crop as the water requirement, the development and calibration of simulation models to quantify the agricultural production efficiency in the main producing regions of the São Paulo State. The calibration of the CROPGRO-Peanut model was efficient in simulate the phenology, for the vegetative variables the Wilmott index was satisfactory for LAI (0.88 to 0.90), N° of leaves (0.58 to 0.85), Specific AF (0.82 to 0.98), vegetative mass (0.94 to 0.98) according to the applied water replacement, with r2 values above 0.65. Regarding the productive variables, although the indices d and r2 were satisfactory, the EF was low for both treatments. The simplified agronomic simulator for Arachis hypogaea (SASAH), a model initially proposed in this work, can be considered still in the construction phase and requires additional adjustments in its algorithms, and it is not used in the thesis to simulate the potential and attainable yield of peanuts. The average efficiency of production in the state of São Paulo is 52%, ranging from 33% in Ribeirão Preto to 72% in Marília.

8 pp. / Wheat and barley are often planted later than optimum due to the timing of the previous crop or to reduce the risk of frost damage. It may be possible to partially compensate for lower yield potential of late plantings by increasing water and nitrogen rates beyond what would have an effect at more optimal plantings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and water rates on late planted wheat and barley. A trial testing water and nitrogen rates for small grains planted late and at the optimal time was established at the Maricopa Ag Center. The experimental design was a split-split plot with main plots as input levels of water and nitrogen (low, medium, and high), subplots as varieties (Tiburon durum and Chico barley), sub-subplots as planting dates (15 December 2015 and 1 February 2016, and 3 replications. In this study, higher levels on inputs of water and nitrogen did not increase yield at later planting dates as we hypothesized. In fact, the highest yields were obtained at medium inputs of water and nitrogen regardless of planting date. The yields of the later planting date were not depressed as we expected due to unusually mild temperatures later in the spring which favored a later planting date this season.

4 pp. / Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by University of Arizona personnel. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield and other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1265-2015.pdf.

8 pp. / Irrigation water is a major input into production of a forage crop. The purpose of this research is to compare the yield and quality of forage sorghum grown with differing amounts of irrigation water. A linear move sprinkler system was used to apply 11 water application amounts from 23.79 to 35.52 inches over the season. Forage yield peaked at a water application amount of around 32.60 inches according to a quadratic function of yield vs water applied. Increasing irrigation amount decreased forage quality by increasing fiber components. Profit was maximized at 30.20 to 32.60 inches of applied water, which is slightly less than that for maximum yield.

7 pp. / Forage sorghum is commonly grown in Arizona for silage for dairy cattle and is valued for its lower nitrogen fertilizer and water requirements compared to corn. Five forage sorghum hybrids were evaluated in a study conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in 2015. The hybrids tested did not differ in yield or overall feeding quality (TDN, total digestible nutrients) although some differences in heading, plant height, moisture content, and some specific quality parameters were detected.

9 pp. / Sorghum has the advantage compared to corn in that it uses less water and fertilizer, but feeding quality of sorghum is usually less than corn. The purpose of this research is to compare the yield and quality of sorghum grown with differing frequency of irrigation water application. Forage sorghum was grown at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center with irrigation intervals of 1, 2, and 3-weeks corresponding to 76, 44, and 37 inches of applied water. Forage yield at 72% moisture was 20.6, 18.8, and 16.5 tons/acre for the 1-, 2-, and 3-week irrigation intervals, respectively. Forage quality in terms of milk per ton of forage was not affected by irrigation interval, but some differences were measured in certain components of feed quality. Forage yield profit was maximized at the 2-week irrigation interval due since the increased water cost of the 1-week interval was not compensated by the yield increase at this irrigation frequency.