Title: Marketing Research on the Satisfaction of Customers Expreska Jiřího z Poděbrad. Objectives: The aim of work is find satisfaction of Expreska customers by questionnaire survey and to suggest solution based on research results, which could lead to an improvement in the criticized areas in FIT centre. Method: The method of personal questioning with non-probabilistic sample was chosen for the research. Results: The values obtained are organized in tables and graphs in result section. Key words: Marketing research, Customers Satisfaction, Questionaire, Expreska Jiřího z Poděbrad.

La phase la plus consommatrice de ressources d'une production de logiciels est l'étape de vérification qualité, incluant la vérification fonctionnelle des programmes. Donc, à cause de ces coûts, l'industrie de développement des logiciels exécute rarement une vérification minutieuse de ses produits. Une des stratégies les plus prometteuses pour réduire les coûts de vérification des logiciels est de rendre cette vérification aussi automatique que possible. Actuellement, cette industrie repose essentiellement sur une seule phase de tests pour vérifier les fonctionnalités des programmes. Nous avons donc cherché à automatiser le test fonctionnel des logiciels en fournissant une assistance pour l'étape de génération des scénarios de test. Le test basé sur des modèles (MBT) est une théorie de test qui a eu un grand succès dans l'automatisation du processus de test. Une méthode MBT analyse un modèle formel ou une spécification d'un logiciel pour produire des scénarios de test qui sont exécutés plus tard par le programme. La plupart de ces méthodes travaillent avec des machines à états finis (FSM) qui limite leur application puisque les FSMs ne peuvent pas décrire tous les logiciels. Cependant, un gros avantage de ces méthodes est qu'elles atteignent un haut degré d'automatisation. Dans cette thèse nous montrons, au contraire, le niveau d'automatisation que nous avons obtenu en appliquant une méthode MBT, connue comme Test Template Framework (TTF), sur des spécifications Z. Comme Z est basé sur la logique de premier ordre et la théorie du jeu, il est beaucoup plus expressif que les FSMs, rendant ainsi nos résultats applicables à une plus large gamme de programmes. / The most resource-consuming phase of software production is the verification of its qualities, including functional correctness. However, due to its costs, the software industry seldom performs a thorough verification of its products. One of the most promising strategies to reduce the costs of software verification is making it as automatic as possible. Currently, this industry relies basically only on testing to verify functional correctness. Therefore, we sought to automate functional testing of software systems by providing tool support for the test case generation step. Model-based testing (MBT) is a testing theory that has achieved impressive successes in automating the testing process. Any MBT method analyses a formal model or specification of the system under test to generate test cases that later are executed on the system. Almost all methods work with some form of finite state machines (FSM) which limits their application since FSM's cannot describe general systems. However, a great advantage of these methods is that they reach a high degree of automation. In this thesis we show, on the contrary, the degree of automation we have achieved by applying a MBT method, known as Test Template Framework (TTF), to Z specifications. Since Z is based on first-order logic and set theory it is far more expressive than FSM's, thus making our results applicable to a wider range of programs. During this thesis we have improved the TTF and developed a tool, called Fastest, that implements all of our ideas.

Growth, that is a sensitive indicator of children's health, should be evaluated in relation to suitable reference data. Under the term "physiological growth of chidren" is understood growth of long-term breast-fed infants that is - in the first months of their life - different from the growth of infants, who were not breast fed. This Thesis is focused on evaluation of impacts the long-term breast-feeding has on the growth of children in their pre-school age and on the differences in comparison with the children, who were breast- fed only minimally or not at all. Data used for this Thesis elaboration were obtained from a questionnaire and by measuring the essential physical proportions of children in different nursery and primary schools in Prague. Thereafter; by analysing the received data, we have come to the conclusion that long-term breast-feeding does not have any significant impact onto stature, weight nor head circumference of pre-school children. Some differences were detected concerning the BMI values and thickness of skin folds; however, the results were out of accord with our expectations that the long-term breast-fed children will have lower BMI values than the children, who were breast-fed just minimally. Comparing the Z-score of the long-term breast-fed children with regard to the data from the...

This thesis concerns the Strakonice league, an association of largely Catholic estates of 1449. It tries to conceive the topic in another way, than the older literature did, which did not pay attention to the Strakonice league not specially, but dealed with it mostly in the frame of the description of Bohemian political and military history. The thesis tries to bring new pieces of knowledge of the Strakonice league by means of analyse of correspondence of the lords of Rosenberg (Rožmberk) and of another sources. Concerning the course of the military and diplomatic struggle with the Poděbrady league itself, the emphasis is put on selected, less known aspects. The relation of the Strakonice league to the lands adjoining the Czech crown and to foreign countries, where the league was looking for allies, is elaborated separately. The last big section of the thesis concerns the league members. This section is based on collecting of data about individual persons or towns that entered the Strakonice league. There are studied their political career, motivation for their entrance into the league, possesion and their relations to each other. It all gives evidence about the rate of force and compactness of the league. The results of league's activity and the next assertion of the members in public life are...

Après une description du LHC, de l'expérience Atlas et des systèmes calorimétriques à argon liquide, cette thèse montrera une étude qui vise à valider la simulation des gerbes électromagnétiques en utilisant des muons cosmiques. Nous discuterons ensuite de la reconstruction des pions neutres et de la cartographie de la matière dans le trajectographe interne en utilisant des photons convertis avec les premières données. Pour finir, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus concernant la recherche du boson de Higgs dans le canal H->ZZ->4l avec les données 2011 et une énergie √s=7TeV dans le centre de masse. / After a description of the LHC, the ATLAS experiment and the liquid argon calorimeter system, this thesis will show a study to validate the simulation of electromagnetic showers using cosmic muons. Then, we will discuss about neutral pion reconstruction and about the material mapping of the inner tracker using converted photons with the first data. Finally, we will present the results concerning the search for the Higgs boson in the H-> ZZ-> 4l channel with the 2011 data and a energy √s = 7TeV.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the system of the value added tax refund to the businesses in the Community and to focus on the main changes in this area. In the thesis we find the answers to the question if the system was succesfully modernize, speed up and whether changes in the tax refund brought relief on the applicant and tax administrator.

Introdução: O aumento na prevalência das doenças cardiovasculares alerta para a necessidade de estratégias eficazes e de baixo custo como medidas preventivas na redução dos fatores de risco, morbidades e óbitos decorrentes de eventos coronarianos. As modificações no estilo de vida são as primeiras alternativas a serem adotadas. Nesse contexto, a dieta ocupa lugar de destaque e os benefícios dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3 na saúde cardiovascular são amplamente reconhecidos. As doenças cardiovasculares são influenciadas por diversos fatores de risco e o desequilíbrio na concentração plasmática das lipoproteínas é um fator de risco independente no desenvolvimento da doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Entretanto, há evidências de que as subfrações lipoproteicas podem influenciar o risco cardiovascular de maneira diferenciada, dependendo das características físico-químicas e funcionalidade de cada partícula. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas, capazes de identificar esses parâmetros, tem sido foco de grande interesse científico. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel do ômega-3 sobre as características físico-químicas da LDL e HDL e possível associação entre medidas Z-scan e marcadores cardiometabólicos em indivíduos adultos. Metodologia: A partir de uma subamostra do estudo CARDIONUTRI (estudo clínico, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego com seguimento de 8 semanas) foram selecionados 36 indivíduos do Grupo Ômega-3 (3,0g/dia de óleo de peixe - 1,11g de EPA + 0,69g de DHA) e 27 do Grupo Placebo (3,0g/dia de óleo mineral). Foram monitorados o perfil clínico, antecedentes familiares, consumo alimentar, atividade física e antropometria. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas após 12 horas de jejum para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de CT, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APOAI, APOB, PON1 e glicose. O tamanho da HDL e LDL foi analisado pelo método padronizado Lipoprint®. O conteúdo de LDL(-) foi determinado por ELISA. As medidas Z-scan foram determinadas por meio da difusividade térmica e absorção linear da LDL (1,0 mg/dL de proteína), isolada por ultracentrifugação. Todos as variáveis do estudo foram avaliadas no momento basal e após 8 semanas de intervenção. A adesão à intervenção foi monitorada pela contagem de cápsulas e percentual dos ácidos graxos plasmáticos. Para avaliar a associação das medidas Z-Scan aos marcadores cardiometabólicos, os dados obtidos no momento basal foram submetidos à Análise de Componentes Principais. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes do estudo foi de 51,5 (10,5) anos. A suplementação com ômega-3 promoveu redução significativa de CT, TAG, não-HDL, HDLPEQUENA e LDL(-), além de aumento significativo de HDL-C e HDLGRANDE. O ômega-3 foi mais eficaz na redução dos TAG (29,2 por cento ) quando comparado ao placebo (2,9 por cento ). O Grupo Ômega-3 apresentou aumento de HDLGRANDE (16,9 por cento ) e redução de HDLPEQUENA (-16,3 por cento ) ao final da intervenção, com diferença significativa quando comparado ao Grupo Placebo que apresentou redução de HDLGRANDE (-4,8 por cento ) e aumento de HDLPEQUENA (17,7 por cento ). Não foram observadas diferenças nas medidas Z-scan após a intervenção, porém as medidas se associaram positivamente a Componentes Principais com padrões cardioprotetores da amostra e negativamente a padrões aterogênicos. Conclusão: O ômega-3 demonstrou efeito positivo no perfil lipídico e propriedades aterogênicas das subfrações lipoproteicas. A suplementação com ômega-3 não modificou as medidas Z-scan, no entanto, a técnica demonstrou ser uma ferramenta capaz de se associar a padrões aterogênicos e antiaterogênicos monitorados no presente estudo / Introduction: The increased of cardiovascular disease prevalence draws attention to the need to adopt effective and inexpensive strategies as preventive measures to reduce risk factors, morbidity and deaths from coronary events. Lifestyle modification is indicated as first alternative to be adopted. In this context the diet stands out and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids benefits on cardiovascular health are largely recognized. Cardiovascular diseases are influenced by several risk factors and the plasma imbalance lipoprotein is considered a crucial independent risk factor. However, there is evidence of the influence of lipoprotein subfractions in cardiovascular risk, based on the physicochemical characteristics of these particles. The development of new techniques able to identify those parameters has been the focus of great scientific interest. Objective: To evaluate the role of omega-3 on HDL and LDL physicochemical characteristics and possible association between Z-scan measurements and cardiometabolic markers in adults. Methods: From a subsample of the study CARDIONUTRI (clinical, randomized, controlled, double blind study with 8-week follow-up) were selected 36 individuals from the Omega-3 Group (3.0g/day of fish oil - 1,11g EPA + 0.69g DHA) and 27 individuals from the Placebo Group (3.0g/day of mineral oil). The clinical profile, family history, dietary intake, physical activity and anthropometry were monitored. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting to evaluate plasma concentrations of TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APOAI, APOB, PON1 and glucose. The HDL and LDL size was analyzed by the standard method Lipoprint®. The levels of LDL (-) was determined by ELISA. The Z-scan measurements were determined by thermal diffusivity and linear absorption of LDL (1.0 mg / dL protein) isolated by ultracentrifugation. All study variables were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. The intervention accession was monitored by capsule count and percentage of plasma fatty acids. To evaluate the association of the Z-Scan measurements to cardiometabolic markers, the data collected at baseline were subjected to Principal Component Analysis. Results: The average age of individuals were 51.5 (10.5) years. The omega-3 supplementation promoted a significant decreased of TC, TAG, non-HDL, small HDL and LDL(-), and significantly increased HDL-C and large HDL. The omega-3 was more effective in reducing the TAG (29.2 per cent ) when compared to placebo (2.9 per cent ). The Omega-3 Group increased large HDL (16.9 per cent ) and decreased small HDL (-16.3 per cent ) after the intervention, with significant difference when compared to the Placebo Group that decreased large HDL (-4.8 per cent ) and increased small HDL (17.7 per cent ). There were no differences in Z-scan measurements with the interventions, but were observed positively associated the Z-scan measurements with the anti-atherogenic sample patterns and negatively associated with atherogenic sample patterns when the sample was standardized from the Principal Components Analysis. Conclusion: The omega-3 demonstrated positive effect on the lipid profile and atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Supplementation with omega-3 did not modify the Z-scan measurements, however, the technique proved to be a tool that can be associated with atherogenic and anti-atherogenic sample patterns monitored in this study.

Nesta tese estudamos a relação entre as propriedades de absorção de multi-fótons e a estrutura molecular de três classes distintas de compostos orgânicos π-conjugados: derivados de vitamina A, complexos de platina acetilada e compostos quirais. Materiais orgânicos emergiram nas últimas décadas como candidatos para aplicações em dispositivos fotônicos, principalmente aqueles envolvendo processos de absorção multifotônica, uma vez que suas propriedades podem ser facilmente otimizadas através de engenharia molecular. Devido às diferenças inerentes entre as estruturas químicas dos compostos aqui investigados, foi possível verificar individualmente a influência do comprimento de conjugação, da presença de grupos doadores e aceitadores de elétrons (estruturas push-pull), da planaridade molecular e de efeitos de comprimento de ligação sobre a seção de choque de absorção multifotônica. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as técnicas de Varredura-Z convencional e com contínuo de luz branca, espectroscopia de fluorescência por absorção de multi-fótons e fluorescência resolvida no tempo. Para correlacionar as propriedades moleculares com os espectros não-lineares, foram utilizados cálculos de química quântica em conjunto com o modelo de soma de estados essenciais. Através desse modelo foi possível associar aspectos puramente moleculares, como o momento de dipolo de transição, o momento de dipolo estático, a força do oscilador e a largura de linha dos estados eletrônicos com a estrutura molecular dos cromóforos, visando futuras aplicações tecnológicas. Resultados de espectroscopia de absorção de dois fótons revelaram que os derivados da vitamina A, como o trans-β-apo-8-carotenal e all-trans β-caroteno, possuem magnitudes da seção de choque extremamente elevadas (~5000 GM), indicando-os como materiais promissores para armazenamento óptico 3D. Os complexos de platina acetilada apresentaram características impares para aplicações em dispositivos de limitação de potência óptica baseados em processos de absorção de dois e três fótons como, elevadas absortividades não-lineares, boa transparência óptica, baixo limiar de limitação, alto intervalo dinâmico e rápido tempo de resposta. Por fim, os compostos quirais abriram possibilidades de explorar novos efeitos em óptica não-linear como, por exemplo, efeito de dipolo magnético e quadrupolo elétrico, apenas modificando o estado de polarização da luz. / In this thesis we studied the relationship between the multi-photon absorption properties and the molecular structure of three distinct classes of π-conjugated organic compounds: derivatives of vitamin A, platinum acetylide complexes and chiral compounds. Organic materials have emerged as potential candidates for applications involving multiphoton absorption, since their properties can be changed through molecular engineering. Because of the inherent differences between the molecular structures of the compounds investigated here, it was possible to verify the influence of conjugation length, electron donor and acceptors groups (push-pull structures), molecular planarity and effects of bond length alternation on the multi-photon absorption cross-section. To investigate such properties, we have employed the conventional and white-light continuum femtosecond Z-scan technique and multi-photon and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also employed quantum chemical calculation and the essential sum-over-states approach to correlate the impact of molecular properties on the nonlinear spectra. It was possible to link pure molecular features such as transition dipole moment, static dipole moment, oscillator strength and states linewidth with the chromophores structures, aiming at future applications. The two-photon absorption spectroscopy results revealed that the derivatives of vitamin A, such as trans-β-apo-8-carotenal and all-trans β-carotene, present cross-sections values extremely high (~ 5000 GM), indicating them as promising materials for 3D optical storage. The platinum acetylide complexes can be applied in optical power limiting devices based on the two- and three-photon absorption process, since they present unique features, such as high nonlinearity, good optical transparency, low threshold limit, high dynamic range and fast response time. Finally, the chiral compounds opened up new possibilities to be explored in nonlinear optics, such as the effect of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole, only manipulating the polarization state of the light.

A utilização de laser para estudo, análise e caracterização de materiais é de imensa importância no desenvolvimento e progresso da ciência e tecnologia, melhorando ciclicamente a área de ótica não linear (ONL). Estudos do comportamento de compostos orgânicos cujas estruturas são π conjugadas mostram sua ampla aplicabilidade em dispositivos eletrônicos e na área medicinal. A adição de grupos laterias doadores ou aceitadores de elétrons têm a capacidade de aumentar os efeitos ópticos não lineares nestes compostos, otimizando suas propriedades. Nesta dissertação de mestrado, foram realizados estudos em compostos orgânicos focados em suas características ópticas não lineares. Nove derivados de chalconas e quatro derivados de azometinas foram analisadas através da técnica de espalhamento hiper-Rayleigh (HRS) e da técnica de varredura-z, cujos efeitos óticos não lineares observados correspondem à segunda e terceira ordem da polarizabilidade, respectivamente. Com o espalhamento hiper-Rayleigh, foram determinadas a primeira hiperpolarizabilidade βHRS cujo valor mais alto foi 24×10−30 cm5/esu para as chalconas e 273×10−30 cm5/esu para as azometinas. A técnica de varredura-z foi utilizada para determinar o espectro da seção de choque de absorção de dois fótons (σ2PA) cujos valores de pico das moléculas derivadas de chalconas são de aproximadamente 15 GM e algumas apresentaram estados excitados que são permitidos apenas por absorção de dois fótons. Duas das moléculas derivadas de azometinas apresentaram valores de pico da ordem de 12 GM, uma não apresentou absorção de dois fótons e uma apresentou valor de pico de 55 GM. Além disso, foi utilizado o método de Soma-Sobre-Estados (SOS - do inglês Sum-Over-States) para determinar os momentos de dipolo de transição e diferença de momentos de dipolo permanente de todos os derivados. / The use of lasers for study, analyses and characterization of materials are of great importance for progress and development of science and technology, improving in a cyclic way the nonlinear optics area (NLO). Studies of the behave of π-conjugated organic compounds show its wide applicability in electronic devices and in the medicinal area. Adding electron donor or acceptor lateral groups to these compounds may alter its nonlinear optical effects, optimizing its properties. In this Master dissertation, studies on organic compounds focused in its nonlinear optical characteristics were realized. Nine chalcone derivatives and four azomethines derivatives were analyzed using the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering technique (HRS) and Z-Scan technique, by which the nonlinear optical effects observed corresponds to the second and third order of the polarizabilities, respectively. With the HRS the first hyperpolarizability βHRS was determined, which the highest values was of 24×10−30 cm5/esu for the chalcones, and 273×10−30 cm5/esu for the azomethines. The Z-Scan technique was utilized for determining the two-photon cross-section σ2PA which peak values of the chalcone derivatives were of approximately 15 GM and some of them presented excited states that are only allowed by two-photon absorption. Two of the azomethines derivatives molecules presented peak values of the order of 12 GM, one of them did not present two-photon absorption, and one presented peak value of 55 GM. Furthermore, the Sum-Over-States (SOS) method was used to determine the transition dipole momentums and the difference of permanent dipole momentum of all of the derivatives.

Neste trabalho, estudamos alguns colóides magnéticos dos tipos iônico e surfactado com partículas de estrutura tipo espinélio. Usamos a técnica de varredura-Z para investigar as amostras nas escalas de tempo de femtossegundos e milissegundos. Medimos o índice de refração não-linear nas duas escalas de tempo. Na escala de milissegundos todas as amostras apresentaram comportamento tipo lente divergente, e os valores obtidos são da ordem de 10^(-7) cm^2/W. Na escala de femtossegundos, as amostras iônicas apresentaram comportamento tipo lente convergente, com valores típicos do índice de refração não-linear da ordem de 10^(11) cm^2/W. Também medimos a absorção não-linear na escala de tempo de femtossegundos. Os valores obtidos são da ordem de 10^2 cm/GW. Com os dados obtidos na escala de femtossegundos calculamos a susceptibilidade elétrica de terceira ordem (chi(3)). O módulo de chi(3) encontrado é da ordem de 10^(-17) m^2/V^2 (ou 10^(-9) esu). Obtivemos evidências experimentais da contribuição da susceptibilidade elétrica de quinta-ordem nas medidas de absorção não-linear. Verificamos a presença do efeito de tamanho das partículas no valor de chi(3) ao estudar partículas de mesma composição e de diâmetros diferentes. / In this work, we studied some magnetic colloids of kind ionic and surfacted with particles of spinel struture. We used the Z-Scan technique to investigate the samples in the time scales of femto- and milliseconds. We measured the nonlinear refractive index in both time scales. In the scale of milliseconds all samples showed divergent-lens-type behavior, and the obtained values are of order of 10^(-7) cm^2/W. In the femtoseconds scale, the ionic-type samples have convergent-lens-type behavior, with the typical values of order of 10^(11) cm^2/W. Also we measured the nonlinear absorption in the femtoseconds time scale. The obtained values are of order of 10^2 cm/GW. With the data obtained in the femtoseconds time scale we calculated the third-order electric susceptibilities (chi(3)). The found modulus of chi(3) is of order of 10^(-17) m^2/V^2 (or 10^(-9) esu). We obtained experimental evidences that fifth-order electric susceptibilities can contribute to the measurements of nonlinear absorption. We observed the dependence of particles\' size effect in the values of chi(3) in the studies of particles of the same composition and different diameters.