In today's society there is a significant focus on energy efficiency. Despite this, people leave lamps, televisions and computer screens etc. powered on unnecessarily. The goal of this project is to build a simple prototype for home automation where a user, via an application on a mobile phone, can switch on and off the power of an electrical products in the home and as well as being able to check whether such products are switched on or off. The prototype will also collect data on power consumption for these electrical products. This thesis describes the development of the prototype and addresses the choices made during the project. The project resulted in a prototype which after tests showed that there is potential to save energy by using home automation. / Sammanfattning I dagens samhälle är det stor fokus på energieffektivisering. Trots detta låter många människor lampor, tv-apparater och datorskärmar med mera, stå påslagna helt i onödan. Målet med detta projekt är att bygga en enkel prototyp för hemautomation där en användare via en applikation på en mobiltelefon kan slå på och av strömmen för elektriska produkter i hemmet, samt se om dessa produkter är på eller avslagna. Prototypen ska också samla in data om strömförbrukningen för dessa elektriska produkter. Denna uppsats beskriver utvecklingen av prototypen och tar upp de val som har gjorts under projektets gång. Projektet resulterade i en prototyp som efter test visade att det finns potential att använda hemautomation till att spara ström.

Grâce à l’informatique ubiquitaire, il devient possible d’avoir des environnements de plus en plus intelligents offrant de l’assistance ambiante aux activités de la vie quotidienne. Dans ce mémoire, un système d’assistance est présenté offrant une assistance ambiante personnalisée aux personnes âgées avec démence d'Alzheimer souffrant d’errance nocturne. L’hypothèse de départ est que la nuit, les personnes Alzheimer font de l’errance pour satisfaire des besoins précis même si elles sont incapables de les exprimer. Notre sujet s’intéresse à trois types de besoins dans le contexte d’errance nocturne : avoir faim, avoir envie d’aller aux toilettes et avoir besoin d’être rassuré. Un système d’assistance ambiante a été conçu et implémenté pour chacun. Ce système utilise un réseau de capteurs et d’effecteurs hétérogènes. Dans un premier temps, des données sur les routines de la personne atteinte d’Alzheimer sont collectées par des questionnaires et des capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite validées pour établir les scénarios d’assistance et détecter les épisodes d’errance. Dans un second temps, grâce au profil recueilli avec la participation du proche aidant, des règles sont conçues pour décider de l’assistance à fournir pour accompagner la personne à travers la satisfaction de son besoin, puis l’inciter à retourner se coucher sans toutefois la contraindre. De plus, une application tablette est mise en place pour offrir du contrôle sur l’activation de l’assistance. Cette application est confiée au proche-aidant afin qu’il puisse décider s’il préfère offrir sa propre assistance ou celle automatisée. Le système d’assistance ambiante développé recueille donc des données dans le domicile et offre de l’accompagnement à la personne tout en offrant plus de confort à son proche-aidant. Une expérimentation dans un domicile auprès d’un binôme composé d’une mère atteinte de démence et de sa fille a été réalisée sur une période de cinq semaines. Même si aucun épisode d’errance n’a été détecté pendant cette expérimentation, les données recueillies par les différentes sources ont été comparées à celles du système pour en établir la validité. Une reconstruction des événements a été possible avec les données collectées. Celle-ci permet d’observer les activités de la personne atteinte d’Alzheimer dans son quotidien. Cette approche pour obtenir le suivi des activités est applicable aux activités nocturnes permettant ainsi le suivi pendant l’errance s’il y’a lieu.

This research studies the security challenges in IoT devices. At first, security challenges have been described and then specifically the security of communication protocols in the IoT has been addressed. Finally, among different communication protocols, ZigBee and Z-Wave protocols have been chosen for this study. The criterion for choosing these two protocols is the level of security they provide for IoT devices to protect them against unauthorized access and hacking. Security, frequency, power consumption and data rate are the characteristics that have been discussed in the review of these two protocols. In the end, a comparison of the various features of these two protocols clarified that the security of IoT devices in each of these protocols depends on the type of the IoT device, the required range and other requirements, however, in most cases the ZigBee protocol showed more security than Z-Wave.

Sensors with very low power consumption are required so that they can last a long time without the need to replace the batteries very often. Low power sensors can save significant cost and time incurred in battery replacement, especially in establishments and organizations that span over several buildings, floors and rooms. In this thesis, we investigate the use of the low-power wireless protocol Z-wave for sensors solutions that can last for approximately 10 years. An algorithm was created and we concluded that 10 years on a 480 mAh battery is not possible and the expected years need to be lowered or we need to increase the battery capacity.

The point of this master's thesis is to design a framework capable of receiving and processing and also generating and sending packets of BLE, Z-Wave and IQRF technologies. In addition to designing the software itself, it also deals with choosing suitable hardware. Selected hardware is SDR device HackRF~One. The software solution is implemented in C ++ and counts on the use of third-party tools.

Dagens smarta enheter bygger nuförtiden allt mer på att ständigt hålla sig uppkopplade till allt inom dess omgivning. Industrier och hem innehåller alltmer små batteridrivna sensorer samt enheter som kommunicerar med varandra, dock är detta en begränsning när det gäller räckvidden av en enhet. Målet med denna uppsatsen är att undersöka användarbarhet av nya funktioner inom Bluetooth, samt belysa fördelar och nackdelar vilket kan uppstå med respektive teknologi när det gäller förlängd räckvidd. Vidare utfördes en jämförelsestudie, med målet att framföra skillnader för hur Bluetooth Mesh skiljer sig gentemot de andra Mesh teknologierna.Resultatet av denna uppsatsen visar att Bluetooth Mesh och Long-range har diverse svagheter och styrkor när det gäller olika användningsområden. Överföring av data med en högre hastighet och ett måttligt avstånd skulle vara tillräckligt för Long-range, medan Bluetooth Mesh anpassar sig mer för en större täckning och lättare dataöverföringar. / The smart devices of today are more and more dependent on being constantly connected to everything in its surrounding. Industries and homes contain more and more small battery powered sensors and devices, communicating with each other. However, there is a limitation when it comes to the range coverage of a device. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the usefulness of the new features mesh networking and extended range for Bluetooth, as well as highlight the pros and cons that may exist with respective extended range technologies. Furthermore, a theoretical comparative study was conducted, with the aim of presenting some of the differences between Bluetooth Mesh and other common Mesh technologies. The results show that both Bluetooth Mesh and Long-range have strengths and weaknesses when it comes to different use cases. Transferring data with a bit higher throughput and a moderate distance would be suitable for a Long-range purpose, while Bluetooth Mesh is more suitable for a larger coverage and lighter data transfer.

This diploma thesis consists of theoretical description of M2M communication and main differences comparing with H2H communication. There is also a description of protocols used in Internet of Things and description of practical implementation of protocols WM-BUS and Z-Wave in Python programming language with usage of Django framework.

The goal of the thesis was an analysis of IoT communication protocols, their vulnerabilities and the creation of a suitable anomaly detector. It must be possible to run the detector on routers with the OpenWRT system. To create the final solution, it was necessary to analyze the communication protocols BLE and Z-Wave with a focus on their security and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it was necessary to analyze the possibilities of anomaly detection, design and implement the detection system. The result is a modular detection system based on the NEMEA framework. The detection system is able to detect re-pairing of BLE devices representing a potential pairing attack. The system allows interception of Z-Wave communication using SDR, detection of Z-Wave network scanning and several attacks on network routing. The system extends the existing detector over IoT statistical data with more detailed statistics with a broader view of the network. The original solution had only Z-Wave statistics with a limited view of the network obtained from the Z-Wave controller. The modular solution of the system provides deployment flexibility and easy system scalability. The functionality of the solution was verified by experiments and a set of automated tests. The system was also successfully tested on a router with OpenWRT and in the real world enviroment. The results of the thesis were used within the SIoT project.

Based on the fact that many electronic devices are digitalized in our world in order to facilitate our lives, there is a large potential for development in the home. Smart Home solutions are giving us the opportunity to control and manage for example alarms, electricity and surveillance but the technology's rapid improvement paves the way for issues related to security. The objectives for this work will bring up common communication technologies, security and vulnerabilities in the context of a Smart Home and what could be done for future work. In order to investigate the objectives, a literature study has been conducted together with an experiment. The experiment result exploits a weakness in a common Smart Home technology used in the network enable devices in the form of threats and vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate and minimize threats and vulnerabilities one conclusion is that a security policy could be produced. This security policy should provide the user with good practice of how to manage security in order to mitigate vulnerabilities and threats within the Smart Home.

This dissertation deals with the platform Z-Wave. This platform tries to create an universal system for smart home. The theoretical part of the work describes in details the platform itself as well as the applicable libraries for programming of applications and the available equipments. The practical part presents the new custom gateway. The hardware of this gateway is designed with utilization of the Z-Wave module, Raspberry Pi 3 microcomputer, touchscreen, powerbank and the body of the system. The body has been designed in the Solid Works CAD system and printed on a 3D printer. The needed firmware was loaded into the Z-Wave module ZM5304 and this module has been interconnected with the Raspberry Pi 3 through the printed circuit board of the custom design. The gateway drives OpenZWave network through the new own application written with help of Python wrapper of the library OpenZWave and other open source components. The part of the work is also the list and description of the alternative commercial gateways available on the Czech market.