Informationsteknik (IT) är avgörande för framgången för många företag och organisationer. En rad applikationer utformade för att erbjuda olika tjänster kräver olika nivåer av ansträngningar från användaren. För att underlätta för användaren tar olika tjänster ansvar för att automatisera olika typer av tjänster. Framgången för många IT-applikationer bestäms ibland av automatiseringsnivån. Därför är det viktigt att förstå i vilken grad ett system är automatiserad. Inte bara i utformningen av nya system, utan också att ge det välbehövliga stödet för ett stort antal användare. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka automatiseringsnivån i en given IT-applikation. För att uppnå detta är det viktigt att göra en sådan utvärdering, med hjälp av ett relevant ramverk. Forskningsfrågan som tas upp i denna uppsats är: Hur kan automatisering i en IT-applikation utvärderas? Uppsatsen använder sig av både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder för att ta itu med denna fråga. Semistrukturerade intervjuer ansågs vara lämpliga för att förstå hur användare uppfattar olika IT-applikationer och de tjänster som erbjuds. För att förstå hur användare interagerade med olika nivåer av automatisering i en specifik applikation, genomfördes en undersökning av studenter på högre utbildning som använder sig av Zoom. Undersökningen följde ett ramverk som använts för att mäta nivåerna av automatisering för liknande applikationer. Resultaten av att analysera både kvalitativa intervjudata och kvantitativa undersökningsdata, tyder på att det finns ett antal faktorer som behöver förbättras för att underlätta användningen av Zoom i samband med högre utbildning. Till exempel kan detta vara chattfunktionen eller väntrumsfunktionen. Det finns dock liknande åsikter bland studenterna i vilken grad systemet är automatiserat. Till exempel väljer de flesta av respondenterna mellan 6 och 8, när de utvärderar den automatiserade nivån för datainmatningen i systemet. Denna uppsats hjälper till att visa en översikt över hur en IT-applikation kan utvärderas, men framför allt ur ett användarperspektiv där fokus ligger på studenternas perspektiv. / Information Technology (IT) is critical to the success of many businesses and organizations. A range of applications designed to offer different services require different levels of efforts from the user. To ease the burden on the user, different services take responsibility to automate different types of services. The success of many IT-applications is sometimes determined by the level of automation involved. Therefore understanding the degree to which a system is automated is important. Not just in the design of new systems, but also to provide the much needed support for a broad range of users. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the level of automation in a given IT-application. To achieve this, it is important to conduct such an evaluation using a relevant framework. The research question addressed in this thesis is: How can automation in an IT-application be evaluated? The study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to address this question. Semi-structured interviews were considered suitable to understand how users perceive different IT-application and the services offered. To understand how users interacted with different levels of automation in a specific application, a survey was carried out on higher education students using Zoom. The survey followed a framework used in measuring the levels of automation for similar applications. Results of analyzing both qualitative interview data and quantitative survey data suggests that, there are a number of factors that need to be improved to facilitate the use of Zoom in the context of higher education. For an example this could be the chat function, or the waiting room function. However, there are similar views among the students regarding the degree to which the system is automated. For instance most of the participants choose between 6 and 8 when assessing the automated level regarding data input into the system. This study will help to show an overview of how an IT-application can be evaluated, but above all from a user perspective where the focus is on students’ perspectives.

TITLE Online street dance lessons AUTHOR Aneta Prchalová DEPARTMENT Department of Physical Education SUPERVISOR PaedDr. Jana Hájková ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with online teaching of street dance. The theoretical part is focused on defining the basic concepts of the issue, the development of street dance in the world and in the Czech Republic, the structure of street dance classes, methods and forms of work, the personality of a teacher and the use of online street dance classes. The practical part is based on a research survey through an interview with street dance teachers and their students. The aim of the research is to find out whether street dance teachers used online lessons during the coronavirus epidemic and, if so, which applications worked for them. The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the results of research and summarize the possibilities of online teaching street dance for students. Part of the diploma thesis is "Methodology, how to teach street dance via Zoom application", which is verified in practice and supplemented by a final reflection. KEYWORDS Street dance, dance, online lessons, personality of a teacher, Zoom application.

Fisheye lenses refer to ultra-wide angle lenses that have field of view equal or larger than 180 degrees. Such lenses introduce large amount of barrel distortion to capture at least the entire hemisphere in front of the lens. Fisheye lenses were initially designed for scientific use, such as cloud recording and angle measuring, and were widely used for commercial purposes later. The development of photographic fisheye lenses started in 1960s. However, the lack of detailed references on photographic fisheye lens design makes such design challenging. This thesis provides detailed introduction of photographic fisheye lens design for 35mm format DSLR cameras. A discussion on the history of fisheye lenses is provided to describe the development of fisheye lenses. The tangential and sagittal magnifications are mathematically derived for each fisheye lens projection mapping method to show their differences. The special properties and design issues of photographic fisheye lenses are described in detail. Along with each design issue, some solutions suggested by the author are also provided. The performance of the current diagonal fisheye lenses for 35mm DSLR cameras are evaluated in detail. Then a new diagonal fisheye lens designed by the author is presented and compared with the current diagonal fisheye lenses on the market. Finally, a zoom fisheye lens designed for 35mm DSLR cameras is presented and discussed.

Non-mechanical variable lenses are important for creating compact imaging devices. Various methods employing dielectrically actuated lenses, membrane lenses, and liquid crystal lenses were previously proposed [1-4]. In This dissertation the design, fabrication, and characterization of innovative flat tunable-focus liquid crystal diffractive lenses (LCDL) are presented. LCDL employ binary Fresnel zone electrodes fabricated on Indium-Tin-Oxide using conventional micro-photolithography. The light phase can be adjusted by varying the effective refractive index of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between the electrodes and a reference substrate. Using a proper voltage distribution across various electrodes the focal length can be changed between several discrete values. Electrodes are shunted such that the correct phase retardation step sequence is achieved. If the number of 2πzone boundaries is increased by a factor of m the focal length is changed from f to f/m based on the digitized Fresnel zone equation: f = rm²/2mλ, where r(m) is mth zone radius, and λ is the wavelength. The chromatic aberration of the diffractive lens is addressed and corrected by adding a variable fluidic lens. These LCDL operate at very low voltage levels (±2.5V ac input), exhibit fast switching times (20-150 ms), can have large apertures (>10 mm), and small form factor, and are robust and insensitive to vibrations, gravity, and capillary effects that limit membrane and dielectrically actuated lenses. Several tests were performed on the LCDL including diffraction efficiency measurement, switching dynamics, and hybrid imaging with a refractive lens. Negative focal lengths are achieved by adjusting the voltages across electrodes. Using these lenses in combination, magnification can be changed and zoom lenses can be formed. These characteristics make LCDL a good candidate for a variety of applications including auto-focus and zoom lenses in compact imaging devices such as camera phones. A business plan centered on this technology was developed as part of the requirements for the minor in entrepreneurship from the Eller College of Management. An industrial analysis is presented in this study that involves product development, marketing, and financial analyses (Appendix I).

The marketing and distribution of pre-recorded music for sale and public consumption is a cultural development as profound as any in the twentieth-century musical world. It is especially relevant to late-1950s American rock and roll, in terms of the music's capture in the rapidly-evolving environment of the recording studio, its release into the marketplace via independent record labels, and its enthusiastic embrace by the burgeoning youth culture of the era. Within this multi-dimensional context, Zoom Records, a tiny, independent record label, was born in Tucson, Arizona. A unique convergence of technological, artistic, and commercial developments and historical events gives special import to the Zoom Records story, as a lesson in entrepreneurship, artistic expression and personal transformation.

Les fichiers qui accompagnent le document incluent une archive .jar du zoom-éditeur (qui peut être lancé via un browser) et des exemples de z-textes réalisés avec ce logiciel. / L’objectif du projet est la construction d’un nouveau type d’éditeur, appelé ici zoom-éditeur, permettant à l’utilisateur d’augmenter ou de diminuer le degré de détail du texte par des opérations de zoom-in et zoom-out. La principale caractéristique de cette nouvelle forme de textualité sera l’organisation du texte sous la forme d’une structure spatiale à trois dimensions (X, Y, Z), c’est-à-dire une disposition intégrant des niveaux de « profondeur » correspondant à différents degrés de détail et de signification. Nous avons appelé ce type de texte, représentable à plusieurs échelles, z-texte et les processus de création et d’exploration impliqués par cette structure, z-écriture et z-lecture. La première partie décrira le cadre et les enjeux théoriques du projet. Les deux premiers chapitres seront dédiés à la dialectique code / texte et aux méthodes d’analyse de l’esthétique du texte électronique, dans une perspective comparatiste par rapport aux formes textuelles imprimées. Le troisième chapitre présentera l’analyse de cinq types d’ouvrages sur support électronique, parmi les plus connus (hypertexte littéraire, cyberpoésie, blog, encyclopédie libre et journal en ligne). La deuxième partie décrira les sources du modèle proposé, le modèle proprement dit, ainsi que les composantes et la fonctionnalité du zoom-éditeur. Ce volet se réfèrera au cadre théorique décrit dans les trois premiers chapitres. La troisième partie proposera quelques hypothèses sur les applications possibles du modèle, à partir de l’idée de z-texte comme espace multidimensionnel. Chaque dimension correspondrait ainsi à un certain type de loupe, i.e. d’analyse ou d’exploration, applicable à un texte donné. Les domaines mis en discussion seront la critique et la création littéraire, la pédagogie, l’écriture de scénarios, la construction de documentation électronique, la conception de dictionnaires et d’encyclopédies. Le projet inclura également la construction des z-textes, selon les principes de la z-écriture et en utilisant le zoom-éditeur. / The project proposes a new type of interface, that we have called zoom-editor, allowing the user to increase and decrease the degree of detail of the text by zooming-in and out. The main feature of this new kind of textuality would be a 3D textual layout on the three axis (X, Y, Z), i.e. an in-depth structure based on several layers of details and meaning. We have called this type of text, z-text, and the corresponding processes of reading and writing, z-reading and z-writing. The first part describes the theoretical framework of the project. The first two chapters deal with the code/text dialectics and the analytic methods of the electronic text aesthetics, as compared with the printed forms. The third chapter analyses five types of digital documents: literary hypertext, cyberpoetry, blog, free encyclopaedia and on line newspaper. The second part describes the sources of the proposed model, the model itself, and the components and functionality of zoom-editor. This section also contains references and discussions related to the theoretical framework portrayed in the first three chapters. The third part proposes some hypotheses on the possible applications of the model, starting from the idea of a z-text as a multidimensional space. Each dimension would metaphorically correspond to a type of magnifying glass, implying a certain kind of analysis or exploration of a text. The domains considered for discussion are literary criticism, creative writing, pedagogy, encyclopaedias and dictionaries, documentation. The project also supposes the construction of a number of z-texts, according to the principles of z-writing, by using the zoom-editor.

L’objectif du projet est la construction d’un nouveau type d’éditeur, appelé ici zoom-éditeur, permettant à l’utilisateur d’augmenter ou de diminuer le degré de détail du texte par des opérations de zoom-in et zoom-out. La principale caractéristique de cette nouvelle forme de textualité sera l’organisation du texte sous la forme d’une structure spatiale à trois dimensions (X, Y, Z), c’est-à-dire une disposition intégrant des niveaux de « profondeur » correspondant à différents degrés de détail et de signification. Nous avons appelé ce type de texte, représentable à plusieurs échelles, z-texte et les processus de création et d’exploration impliqués par cette structure, z-écriture et z-lecture. La première partie décrira le cadre et les enjeux théoriques du projet. Les deux premiers chapitres seront dédiés à la dialectique code / texte et aux méthodes d’analyse de l’esthétique du texte électronique, dans une perspective comparatiste par rapport aux formes textuelles imprimées. Le troisième chapitre présentera l’analyse de cinq types d’ouvrages sur support électronique, parmi les plus connus (hypertexte littéraire, cyberpoésie, blog, encyclopédie libre et journal en ligne). La deuxième partie décrira les sources du modèle proposé, le modèle proprement dit, ainsi que les composantes et la fonctionnalité du zoom-éditeur. Ce volet se réfèrera au cadre théorique décrit dans les trois premiers chapitres. La troisième partie proposera quelques hypothèses sur les applications possibles du modèle, à partir de l’idée de z-texte comme espace multidimensionnel. Chaque dimension correspondrait ainsi à un certain type de loupe, i.e. d’analyse ou d’exploration, applicable à un texte donné. Les domaines mis en discussion seront la critique et la création littéraire, la pédagogie, l’écriture de scénarios, la construction de documentation électronique, la conception de dictionnaires et d’encyclopédies. Le projet inclura également la construction des z-textes, selon les principes de la z-écriture et en utilisant le zoom-éditeur. / The project proposes a new type of interface, that we have called zoom-editor, allowing the user to increase and decrease the degree of detail of the text by zooming-in and out. The main feature of this new kind of textuality would be a 3D textual layout on the three axis (X, Y, Z), i.e. an in-depth structure based on several layers of details and meaning. We have called this type of text, z-text, and the corresponding processes of reading and writing, z-reading and z-writing. The first part describes the theoretical framework of the project. The first two chapters deal with the code/text dialectics and the analytic methods of the electronic text aesthetics, as compared with the printed forms. The third chapter analyses five types of digital documents: literary hypertext, cyberpoetry, blog, free encyclopaedia and on line newspaper. The second part describes the sources of the proposed model, the model itself, and the components and functionality of zoom-editor. This section also contains references and discussions related to the theoretical framework portrayed in the first three chapters. The third part proposes some hypotheses on the possible applications of the model, starting from the idea of a z-text as a multidimensional space. Each dimension would metaphorically correspond to a type of magnifying glass, implying a certain kind of analysis or exploration of a text. The domains considered for discussion are literary criticism, creative writing, pedagogy, encyclopaedias and dictionaries, documentation. The project also supposes the construction of a number of z-texts, according to the principles of z-writing, by using the zoom-editor. / Les fichiers qui accompagnent le document incluent une archive .jar du zoom-éditeur (qui peut être lancé via un browser) et des exemples de z-textes réalisés avec ce logiciel.

Proefschrift--Nijmegen--Katholieke Universiteit, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 674-691. Index. Résumé en anglais.

Mellanmänsklig kontakt är viktigt för oss människor. I dagens värld har kontakt via virtuella möten ökat, och bland annat skolor har börjat använda sig av distansundervisning via videomöten i allt större utsträckning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare och studenter på högskolenivå upplever den mellanmänskliga kontakten vid distansundervisning via video. Totalt intervjuades sex lärare och sex studenter på högskolenivå. Databearbetningen skedde enligt tematisk analys. Resultatet visade på svårigheter att bygga relationer, bristande överblick över andras reaktioner, begränsad kommunikation och bristande deltagande i undervisningen. Detta framgick dock kunna motverkas av påslagna kameror, god teknisk utrustning, tidigare relation till varandra, mindre grupper, distraktionsfri studiemiljö och interaktiva moment. Resultatet speglar tidigare teori och bidrar samtidigt till en större förståelse för hur de mellanmänskliga aspekterna av undervisning påverkats av övergången till distansundervisning. I diskussionen tas möjliga källor till eventuell snedvridning av resultatet upp, såsom extra begränsningar kopplat till covid-19.

This semester-long microethnography explores how the emotional geography in two online, synchronous critical multicultural education courses are shaped by online interactions and infrastructures as well as social frames. Using a microethnographic approach, video data, interviews, and open-ended questionnaires revealed patterns of interactions suggesting an online emotional geography characterized by a duality of physical place and online space. Key findings suggest that the levels of permeability in student and instructor's physical location influence how online participants gave or received emotion gifts and performances in online spaces. This study further supports emergent research suggesting gender frames as relevant in students' level of online participation and instructors' perception of professionality. Implications include an increased level of emotion work as instructors and students manage complex identities in online classrooms. Furthermore, online instructors should be aware of the unique characteristics of the online emotional geography as they seek to create more equitable online communities of learning.