Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Language at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo nemvuselelo yamasiko okusingatha abantwana besuka ebeleni baze babe badala. Kunezigaba eziningana umntwana edlula kuzo kulolu khalo lokukhula oluphikelele ebudaleni. Namuhla kunezinkinga ezitholakalayo lapho abazali bekhulisa abantwana babo. Izinkinga ezibangwa ukunyonkela isikomqondo laseNtshonalanga. AbaseNtshonalanga abakhombisi nhlanganyelo uma bekhulisa abantwana babo. AmaZulu wona athi umntwana owesizwe, okaBayede Ongangezwe lakhe, iNgonyama. Abantwana bamaZulu bakhuliswa ngenhlanganyelo kusukela konina, kubazanyana kuze kuyofika emaqhikizeni uma kanti umntwana uyintombazane. Abafana bona bakhulela esizikithini sabanewabo okuyibona beqondisa indlela yabo ezinkomeni. Umcwaningi uthi uZulu ake awaphonse emuva abone ukuthi babekhuliswa, besingathwa kanjani abantwana kwelasendulo. Isahluko sokuqala sigxile ezinhlosweni kanye nenkuthazo efikele umcwaningi ngenkathi ebona umonakalo nencithakalo isizwe esesiphila kuyo. Ucwaninge ngalesi sihloko egcizelela amasiko ayegcinelwa abantwana ngezikhathi ezithile zokukhula. Kulesi sahluko kubukwe nendlela okuzoqhutshwa ngayo ucwaningo. Kuyokwenziwa njani ukuze lolu cwaningo lube yimpumelelo. Lapha kubuye kwabhekwa izikhali eziyosetshenziswa ukuyifezekisa inhloso yocwaningo. Kuzothi kanti kubuzwa kubantu bangakhohlakali ongoti, omakadebona. Banolwazi oseluhloliwe lwathenjwa yisizwe. Isahluko sesibili kubhekwa umuzi wesiZulu njengekhaya akhulela kulo umntwana. Ikhaya ngokwalo lingumqeqeshi isibili. Abantwana bafunda ekhaya ukuhlonipha abanye kanye nabadala. Uhlonze lwekhaya lubonakala kumntwana okhuliswe yilo. Asifiki isikhathi lapho abantu bethi: “Lokhu kwakhulela esimpontshini njengephela.” Kulesi sahluko kubhekwa izindlu nokubaluleka kwazo. Kubhekwa uthango, isibaya nemithetho yokusingatha lezi zakhiwo. Kusekhaya lapho abantwana befundiswa ngezimakade ezinjengoMvelinqangi noNomkhubulwana. Kulesi sahluko abantwana bafundiswa ngenhlonipho yempahla, izinkomo nezimbuzi. Bafundiswa ngobungcwele bobisi nokuphathwa kwalo. Imfundiso ihamba ize iyofika ebulongweni imbala. Nabo buphathwa ngenhlonipho njengobisi. Kulesi sahluko kubukwa ukuphathwa kwamanzi phakathi komuzi wesiZulu. Abantwana bafundiswa ukungahambi ebusuku funa badibane nemimoya efuqayo. Abantwana bafundiswa inhlonipho yokungabizi amagama abantu abadala. Bafunda nokuthakazela okusigcwalisa nswi isiZulu. Isahluko sesithathu sigxile endlini kagogo njengesizinda okhalweni lokukhaliphisa abantwana. Kukule ndlu lapho abantwana beqoqana khona ngezintambama bezofunda ubuchwepheshe kuninakhulu. Yiyo le ndlu eyisizinda sezinganekwane, iziphicaphicwano, imidlalo yokufunda ukubala izinyoni. Kukuyo le ndlu lapha abantwana befundiswa khona imilolozelo yokuthulisa abantwana. Abantwana bafundiswa ngabathakathi nemikhovu. Isahluko sesine sibheka imidlalo yabantwana njengesu lokubakhulisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemidlalo ekhulisa imiqondo yabantwana. Kulesi sahluko kubalwa okhelekhele, ukubala izinyoni njengomdlalo. Ukudla iphaphu kungumdlalo omkhulu wabafana ekwaluseni. Abantwana bafundisana ukuzingela amabuzi neminye imidlalo. Isahluko sesihlanu silandela abafana ekwaluseni nalapho behlangana nezinyoni. Abafana bafunda ngezinyoni ezingadliwa nezidliwayo. Kufundwa ngomthelela wezinyoni esintwini. Ezinye zingabahlonzi bezikhathi, zibikezela ihlobo. Zivusa omame ukuba batshathe amakhuba bayolima. Kubukwa nendlela ezizalela ngayo. Lezo zinyoni ziwondla ngani amaphuphu azo. Ezinye izinyoni ziphila ngokusizana ekufukameleni amaqanda nasekondleni amaphuphu. Kukhona ezinye izinyoni ezidla ezinye. Ezinye zilusizo, zilayela abafana izinyosi. Kunezisho nezaga zesiZulu ezisuselwa ezinyonini. Isahluko sesithupha siyingqikithi yalolu cwaningo. Kubukwa abantwana bengena ezigabeni ezehlukene, bengena ngemigidi nangamasiko. Kulesi sahluko kubalwa ukuklekla namasiko okukusingatha. Kulesi sahluko kukhulunywa ngesiko lokusukula. Lisingathwa kanjani leli siko. Abantwana balandelwa base bakhule, amantombazane vi aphuke. Uma intombazane yephukile, isingathwa kanjani imicimbi yalokho kwephuka. Uma umfana eshaywe izibuko, kwenziwa njani ukusingatha leyo micimbi. Isahluko sesikhombisa kubukwa abantwana baze bakhule. Uma sebekulesi sigaba babe sebexibulana beshelana belungisela ukuganana. Kukhulunywa ngamacece ahlanganisa abasha. Abantwana bakhula phansi kweso elibukhali lamaqhikiza uma bengamantombazane. Bakhula phansi kweso elibukhali labanewabo uma bengabafana. Abantwana bafundiswa indlela yokuziphatha uma benosofasilahlane babo. Isahluko sesishiyagalombili siveza isihlaziyo lapho kuhlaziywa khona ucwaningo. Kuvezwa nezincomo ezingalandelwa ukuvula amehlo omphakathi ukuze usizakale ezinkingeni zawo. Izincomo zikhuthaza kakhulu umuzi oNsundu ukuba unamathele emagugwini awo okuyindlela amasiko nenkolo yoMdabu ukuze kuthi noma beqhuba ngendlela yesilungu kodwa bangakulahli okwakubo okuyindlela yawokhokho babo. Kulesi sahluko kubesekuboshwa onke amafindo abengakaboshwa. Aboshwa aqiniswe kube isiphethiwe-ke imbenge.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2014 / This research investigates the importance of Zulu culture, with special emphasis on umsamo and isibaya. This research looks at the role played by umsamo and isibaya when amaZulu perform their culture. This research attempts to find out the sanctity of umsamo to the Zulu nation. It also gives an explanation of what umsamo is to those who might not understand it, so that they can understand it. The research also reveals when umsamo is used, who has the right or responsibility to address umsamo and also what is taken to umsamo when addressing it. Furthermore, the research shows the relationship between umsamo and isibaya, since both these places and areas are the abode of the ancestors. Just like umsamo, isibaya’s importance as well as the work or functions conducted there are revealed by this research. This research is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction where we look at the problem leading to the research, the aims of the research, the motivation for the research, the method of conducting the research and the beneficiaries of the research. Chapter two looks at the different forms of data collection then finally select those forms to be used to conduct the research. Chapter three looks at all the data that has ever been collected on umsamo and isibaya. The section also shows different ideas by different writers and well-experienced researchers who have done research on this subject. The researcher analyses other researcher’s ideas to find out their similarities and differences. Chapter four shows the ideas from people residing in Mandeni who are knowledgeable about Zulu culture. These people were born and bred in Mandeni and are relied upon or trusted on their knowledge of Zulu culture. This section also touches on the information of newspapers especially Isolezwe, Ilanga neLanga LangeSonto since they have columns vii dedicated to investigating and explaining Zulu culture. In these columns different Zulu culture intellectuals are used. Chapter five gives an overall summary of the research, recommendations and conclusion.

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012. / Lona ngumsebenzi wocwaningo oluhlelwe ngokwezahluko eziyisihlanu. Ucwaningo olwenzelwe kulo msebenzi lumayelana nokubaluleka kwelobolo njengesiko lamaZulu. Isahluko sokuqala sethula ucwaningo jikelele ngokucwaningisisa izinjongo zocwaningo, intshisekelo yocwaningo, indlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo, imidiyo yocwaningo, abazohlomula kulolu cwaningo kanye nezingqinamba ucwaningo olungahle luhlangabezane nazo. Isahluko sesibili sethula ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwesiko lokulobola, kwethulwa imibono yongoti abehlukene ngaleli siko nokubaluleka kwalo. Kubuye kwethulwa ngokuqhathanisa isiko lokulobola emandulo kanye nasesikhathini samanje. Kubuye kwabhekwa ngokujulile ukuthi ubani olobolayo nokuthi umuntu onjani olotsholwayo. Kuso lesi sahluko kubuye kwabhekwa ukuthi amanye ama-Afrika wona analo yini leli siko kanye nezizwe zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Isahluko sesithathu sethula imithetho yokuqhuba isiko lokulobola nezindlela okumele zilandelwe kuleli siko. Kuqalwe ngokuba kuchazwe ngokugcwele ukuthi kulotsholwa ngani. Kubuye kwavezwa ukuthi kulotsholwa kanjani. Zonke izinto eziphathelene nokulobola zichazwe ngokugcwele. Ngasekugcineni kwesahluko kuveziwe ukuthi umuntu ulotsholwa kangaki? Kuphi? Izithombe nazo ziveziwe ukucacisa ezinye izinto. Isahluko sesine sethula amanye amasiko ancikene nesiko lokulobola nezinto ezingaba nomthelela ongemuhle ongagcina ulifiphazile leli siko. Athintwe onke amasiko ancikene nesiko lokulobola. Ziveziwe nezinto eziyimikhuba uma kuqhutshwa leli siko. Ziveziwe izinto ezingalikhuthaza nalezo ezingalifiphaza leli siko. Isahluko sesihlanu simayelana nokuhlaziya nokuphothulwa kocwaningo. Siphethe izincomo nokusonga jikelele kocwaningo. Lesi sahluko sibophe saqinisa onke amafindo abesele elenga ocwaningweni sawabopha athula du.

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages, South Africa, 2010. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo nemvuselelo yamasiko aphathelene nokugana, ukuganwa nokuganiswa. Kubhekisiswa amasiko agcinwayo kule micimbi ukuze kungaveli izinkinga ezinye zazo ezingaba ukungatholi abantwana. Umcwaningi ubhekisisa kakhulu imbangela yobunyumba noma yokungazali. Le nkinga ayiqali njengoba sekuganwene kodwa iba imbangela yokuphambanisa amasiko noma yokungawanaki amasiko. Amasiko awaqalwa ngoba umntwana esekhulile kodwa umntwana ukhuliswa ngawo ukuze angabi nankinga endleleni. Lolu cwaningo luzoba usizo kubantu asebekhohliwe ukuthi amasiko ayegcinwa kanjani. Lolu cwaningo lungumhlahlandlela. Isahluko sokuqala sikhombisa izinhloso nenkuthazo okukhuthaze umcwaningi ukuba acwaninge ngalesi sihloko, elandela umgudu noma inqubo yamasiko esintu. Lokhu kubonakale kungaba usizo ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwemishado ngenxa yokungazali, okubangwa ukungawagcini amasiko oMdabu. Isahluko sesibili sikhuluma ngamasiko nemikhuba yamaZulu agcinelwa ukulungiselela ukwenda okunempumelelo. Kubukwa amasiko agcinwayo kusukela intombazana isencane. Kukhulunywa ngamasiko okugonqa nomkhehlo namasiko anjengokucimela nawo anakwa. Miningi nemikhutshana egcinwe kulesi sahluko njengokuqiniswa kwentombi eganayo. Lolu cwaningo lukhuluma ngenyama yokuncamisa. Kubukwa nemvunulo intombi evunula ngayo uma iyogcagca. Kubhekwa amasiko enziwa kungenwa emzini, amasiko enziwa esihlahleni nasesigcawini. Isahluko sesithathu sigxile emasikweni okuganiselana akhuthaza ukuthola abantwana. Kuchazwa nezinkinga ezibangwa ukungazali. Kunezinkinga ezinjengokungathombi, izigulo zocansi, imimoya yamandiki, umoya wendawe, amaphupho kanye nezizwe. Kulolu cwaningo kubukwe nemithi yemitombo. Imimoya esegazini lomuntu idla kuye egazini. Yingakho kufanele alungise igazi lowo muntu onemimoya ngoba imimoya yona iphila kuye, idla egazini likamguli. Isahluko sesine sona sicwaninga ngamasiko nemikhuba ehambisana nokubeletha. Kulesi sahluko kucwaningwa ngokubamba nokungabambi isisu kukamakoti. Kutholakala ukuthi okunye ukungabambi kuke kwenziwe ukufuya izinyoka notikoloshe. Lokho okungumkhuba ovamile kakhulu ukwenziwa abesifazane. Kubukwe nemikhuba eyenziwa okhulelwe ukuze kuhleleke kahle isisu. Kucwaningwe nangezinhlobo zezihlambezo. Kucwaningwe nangokuziphatha kwansuku zonke kukamakoti okhulelwe. Kucwaningwe nangezinto angazenza nezinto angeze azenza okhulelweyo njengokuvuka ekuseni kusempondo zankomo, akwenziwa funa ahlangane nemimoya emibi egcwele ezindlelni. Kuke kwenzeke isisu siphuphume ngezizathu ezithile. Ucwaningo luthole nokuthi kwenziwanjani ukwenza izaba zokumisa isisu esesiphuphuma. Lolu cwaningo luthole nokuthi zaba zini ezenziwayo uma ukubeletha kubanzima. Kulolu cwaningo kucwaningwe nangezinsila zokubeletha, amagazi nomzanyana. Kucwaningiwe futhi ngezinyamazane ashunqiselwa ngazo umntwana. Kucwaningwe nangendlela yokuziphatha komdlezana. Isahluko sesihlanu sibhekisise imimoya emibi ehlasela abantwana. Kucwaningwe ukuthi iyini imimoya? Ivelaphi? Inangozi yini kubantwana? Abantwana bangavikelwa kanjani kuleyo ngozi? Kunemithi yokuxosha imimoya. Izinyamazane, isiqunga, umashwilishwili, indalucwatha kanye nempila. Kuye kwacwaningwa namasiko agcinwayo uma umdlezana kade emshiyile umntanakhe. Kuye kwacwaningwa ngemikhuhlane yabantwana nangendlela yokuyikhuza. Isahluko sesithupha siveza isihlaziyo lapho kuhlaziywa khona ucwaningo lo msebenzi wonke. Kuvezwa nezincomo ezingalandelwa ukuvula amehlo omphakathi ukuze usizakale ezinkingeni zawo. Izincomo zikhuthaza kakhulu umuzi oNsundu ukuba unamathele emagugwini awo okuyindlela yokulandela amasiko nenkolo yoMdabu ukuze kuthi noma beqhuba ngendlela yesilungu kodwa bangakulahli okwakubo okuyindlela yawokhokho babo. Kube sekuphethwa wonke umsebenzi.

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo enzulu yokuthola izimbangela zokungenwa yidlozi. Ekucwaningeni ngalesi. sihloko kuye kwavela ukuthi liyini-ke lona idlozi. Kuze kwabhekwa nezimpawu zomuntu ongenwa yilo idlozi leli. Lokhu kuzosiza kuvule amehlo omphakathi ukuba wazi, ususela kulezi zimpawu ukuthi luhlobo luni lokugula okuphethe umuntu ogulayo. Maningi amaphupho aphushwa abantu kodwa lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukwehlukanisa amaphupho awuphawu lokungenwa yidlozi emaphusheni ajwayelekile. Umuntu ongenwa yidlozi ugula ngezifo eziningi elashwa ngemithi yezinyanga kodwa kubenhlanga zimuka nomoya. Lo moya wedlozi kuyatholakala ukuthi awuhambi wodwa kodwa uhamba namandawe namandiki. Lolu cwaningo lube nokulandelela lufuna iqiniso ngale mimoya yamandiki namandawe. Kutholakale nemithi yokuyehlisa le mimoya ewubulawu obumhlophe. Kucwaningwe nangendlela aphehlwa ngayo amagobongo okuyibhamisa le mimoya. Isahluko sokuqala sicacisa kuthi bha izinhloso zalolu cwaningo. Kulezi zinhloso kuvela nenkuthazo ekhuthaze umcwaningi ukuba acwaninge ngalesi sihloko. Ubekwenza elandela ukusuka nokuhlala kwamasiko alandelwayo uma umuntu engenwa yidlozi. Kuso lesi sahluko kuyacaciswa ukuthi liyini lona idlozi, kubukwa nemininingwane elandelwayo ekuthwasiseni umuntu. Kulesi sahluko kubhekwa nendima okuzohanjwa kuyo eyimingcele yocwaningo. Lokho kusiza ukuthi lo msebenzi ungahambi umathanda kodwa uqoqeke. Isahluko sesibili yisona esesingena shi emsebenzini ozokwenziwa. Kulesi sahluko kubukwa eduze ukungenwa umoya wedlozi futhi kubhekwa nezinhlobo zamadlozi angangena umuntu. Yingani la madlozi eqoka lo muntu amqokayo? Asuke eqondeni ngalokhu kumkhetha? Uphawu olugqamile lokungenwa yidlozi ukugufa. Zifo zini ezitholakala kumuntu ongenwa yidlozi? Mizamo mini ezanywa abantu basekhaya ukumsiza lo muntu wabo? Esahlukweni sesithathu ucwaningo lungena kwinkanankana yokuqhuma kwedlozi. Lokhu kuqhuma kwedlozi kuthiwa ukubhoboka ngolimi lobungoma. Umuntu ongenwe yidlozi ugula kakhulu, ulala phansi agulele ukufa. Ulashwa ngayo yonke imithi kodwa angasindi. Mhla kubhoboka idlozi ufikelwa yithongo lakhe elimfiindisa amaculo obungoma, okuthi kungazelelwe phakathi kobusuku ngokuvama ahayize, ahlabelele, asine. Uvuka noma ngabe ubegula kangakanani aye esangomeni esithwasisayo. Ucwaningo lubuke lo mngoma omusha efika esangomeni esithwasisayo nokwelashwa kwakhe. Kulolu cwaningo kubhekwe ubulawu bamathwasa nemibhemiso. Lapha-esigodlweni amathwasa afimdiswa ukugida. Kucwaningwe ngokubhuda ngebomvu nokunqwambisa. Kucwaningwe ngezinyongo, iziphandla kanye nezinye zezimbuzi. Kulesi sahluko kucwaningwe nangemicimbi yokuhlanganisa idlozi. Kuyatholakala ukuthi umuntu akangenwa yidlozi elilodwa kodwa kokunye ungenwa yidlozi lakubo nelasekhaya konina. Onke la madlozi kufanele ahlanganiswe ukuze angalwi wodwa egazini likathwasa. Kulolu cwaningo kutholakale nokuthi izangoma azidli konke ukudla kodwa zinokudla ezikuzilayo ngezizathu. Ephehlelweni kunezinto ezingenziwa izangoma namathwasa. Esahlukweni sesine kucwaningwe ngokuphothulwa nokwamukelwa kwethwasangoma. Kubukwe indlela okumenywa ngayo izangoma emcimbini wokuphothulwa. Kucwaningwe ngodwendwe Iwezangoma ukuphuma kwakhe esangomeni esithwasisayo kuyiwa kubo lapho sizalwa khona. Kubhekwe indlela esamukelwa ngayo isangoma nakhona ekhaya lapho usaqhubeka umcimbi wokulifihlela ithwasa. Lithi lingayithola into ebifihliwe bathokoze abasekhaya, kucwaningwe nangomgidi wesangoma esisha. Kubhekwe nokwabiwa kwenyama nokubusa ngotshwala. Esahlukweni sesihlanu kube sekucwaningwa ngokubhula. Kubhekwe izinhlobo zokubhula. Kukhona ukubhula ngekhanda nokubhula ngamathambo. Lapha ekubhuleni ngekhanda ababhuli bayafundiswa ukuba bathi, "Yizwa! Yizwa!" Uma isangoma sishaya emhlolweni. Kubukwe izinto ezenziwa isangoma uma sizoqala umbhulo. Kukhona nezangoma ezibhula ngamathambo ezilwane zasendle. Kunolwazi olufundiswa izangoma ukuze zikwazi ukuhumusha amathambo zize zihumushe nokuma kwawo, kube seziyayilandela indaba ziyisusela emathanjeni ezilwane zasendle. Kulolu cwaningo kubuye kwabukwa indlela esethwasa ngayo isangoma esesethwasa. Abalozi bangena isangoma esesethwasa kudala kodwa esesiqala phansi sesiyothwasela abalozi. Siyahamba siye esizibeni abalozi basingenise emanzini. Mhla siphumayo siphuma sesicake ngomcako omhlophe sesithandelwe yinhlwathi yasemanzini esuke ithonywe yiwo amadlozi. Uma lesi sangoma sifika ekhaya, siyayibulala Ie nhlwathi senze ngesikhumba sayo iminqwambo neziphandla Lesi sangoma yisona esinemvume yokuba singenza umhlahlo. Lona umbhulo omkhulu omenywa iNkosi kuphela Asikhulumi isangoma. esinabalozi kodwa kuba yibo abakhuluma ngamazwi asamilozi, isangoma sona sihumushele ababhuli. Kokunye bayakhuluma kuzwakale kungadingi namhumushi uma benze njalo kuthiwa baphaphile. Abalozi bahlala phezulu ezintingweni. Bayahamba babuye babuye. Uma bezofika bahlinzekwa ngotshwala. Esahlnkweni sesithupha kucwaningwe ngeqhaza elibanjwe yilolu cwaningo ekuthuthukiseni ulimi IwesiZulu. Amadlozi angabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu, babizwa ngokuthi bangaMakhosi. Banamagama emithi yabo bayehlukanisa emagameni aziwayo, lokho okwandisa amagama emithi anothisa ulimi. Umuthi uwodwa uze ubizwe ngamagama amabili, lokho okuyiqhaza elibonakalayo lokuthuthukisa ulimi. Kunamagama ezinto zemvunulo angeke atholakale ndawo ngaphandle kwasebungomeni. Nakho lokho kuyalunothisa ulimi IwesiZulu. Esahlukweni sesikhombisa kuhlaziywa ucwaningo jikelele, kwenziwa izincomo ebese kuqoqwa lonke ucwaningo.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2004. / Although females in the olden days were considered as minors people that had nothing or little to say, today their word is heard. Females listen and obey their nation's cultures. Cultures are taken as good behavioural patterns kept by everyone in that particular nation or tribe so that the whole nation is nurtured. These behavioural patterns though are not to be practised by females only. Most people, especially in the past, thought that leadership was meant for males only, but because of female's wisdom it all ended up clear that it is not like that. Mkabayi is one of the women who showed leadership signs. If it weren't for her the Zulu tribe would have vanished. After Mkabayi had displayed her leadership skills many other females showed that they have brilliant brains. Nandi, mother to Shaka; Mthaniya the one that helped Mkabayi in building the tribe; Winnie Madikizela-Mandela who has been the leader of the African National Congress Women's League; Patricia de Lille leader of the Independent Democrats; Sibusisiwe Ngubane also a leader of Inkatha Freedom Party Youth Brigade and many others. The beauty of the women can only be realised by her esteem. She tries by all means to keep her beauty because she knows that she is the flower of the earth. Beads are one of the things they use to beautify themselves. It is important for them to know their level and the way they wear their traditional attire in that particular level as they differ accordingly. The growing of the female is considered very much important than the males. It is because she is the favourite of everyone and therefore a woman needs caring. Because of her being there, her father automatically becomes a rich man as he will have a big kraal full of cattle. The woman (mother) is the one that brings all the joy and success by performing her duty as a woman to see that her daughter grows in a proper manner. The girl is taught many things that she can benefit from like taking care of the houses, handwork and many more. The research shows that females have great sympathy. They can be sympathetic in many ways. They are there when one needs help for example tending the sick, helping the poor, and giving help to other people with different conditions that need to be attended to. It is also noticed that even though they have sympathy, they also have grudges and think of bad doings. Though Mkabayi had sympathy for her father's tribe but she also had jealous about the kingdom of the Zulu nation. She arranged for Sojiyisa to be killed because she thought he was not supposed to take the reign since he was a Thonga. It also appears in the research that a woman is not only looked after whilst still young, but even when she has reached old age of being a grandparent. The old ladies have also a part to play in the vicinity. They are the ones who bring peace and harmony as they act like the mediators between the living and the dead. When the White people arrived they brought about education and teachings of scriptures and our females jumped into wearing dresses instead of their traditional attire. There are those who still wear traditional attire though, but are only a few. The majority puts on dresses made out of cloth material. Whilst looking at that we find that some women are now wearing pair of trousers as men. Some like it and others do not, because it lowers the female dignity of an African woman. This shows that our nation has no backbone and is easily influenced by other peoples’ cultures. People can adopt what they like from other cultures but should choose the cultures that will help in the upbringing of the strong nation. = Nakuba abantu besifazane ngesikbathi sakudala babethathwa njengabantwana, abantu abangenalizwi, kepha namuhla izwi labo liyahlonishwa. Abantu besifazane bayalalela bahloniphe imindeni yabo ikakhulukazi osobaba abayizinhloko zemizi. Bayawahlonipha kakhulu namasiko esizwe sabo. Amasiko ayimikhuba emihle egcinwa ngabantu ukuze kusimame isizwe sonke. Awabekelwe abesifazane bodwa nokho. Ubuholi bekwaziwa ukuthi bumiselwe abantu besilisa, kepha ngenxa yokuhlakanipha kwabesifazane kwagcina kuhlalukile ukuthi akunjalo. UMkabayi ungomunye wabesifazane owakukhombisa lokho. Ukuba akakhombisanga izimpawu zobuholi ngakube isizwe saphela nya. Emva kukaMkabayi baningi abesifazane abavela ukuthi banomqondo ophusile. Ukubala nje abambalwa singabala uNandi ongunina wenkosi uShaka, uMthaniya owayelekelelana noMkabayi bakha isizwe, Winnie Madikizela Mandela, obe ngumholi ephethe iqembu leAfrican National Congress Women's League, Patricia de Lille oziqambele iqembu lakhe kwezombusazwe iIndependent Democrats, uSibusisiwe Ngubane ohola Inkatha Freedom Party Youth Brigade nabanye abaningi. Ubuhle bowesifazane bubonakala ngokuzithanda kwakhe. Uzama ngayo yonke indlela ukutbi ahIale ebukeka ngoba uyazazi ukuthi uyimbali yezwe. Ubuhlalu yiyonanto abatbanda ukuzihlobisa ngayo. Kusemqoka ukuthi bazazi izigaba zabo nendlela abavunula ngayo kuleso naleso sigaba ngoba phe1a ziyehlukana. Ukukhula komuntu wesifazane kubukeka sengathi kuqashelwa kakhulu kunokwabesilisa. Phela owesifazane uligugu ngakho kumele aqashelwe. Ngobukbona bentombazane ekhaya uyise uyathokoza ngoba ugcina esengumnumzane omkhulu onesibaya esikhulu esiphuphuma imfuyo. Umama nguyena owenza konke kube impumelelo ngokukhulisa intombazane ngendlela eyiyo. Kumele unina amfundise izinto eziningi ezigcina sezilusizo kuye . njengokulungiswa kwamakhaya kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Ocwaningweni kuvezwa ukuthi abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzwelana ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Abamyekeleli umuntu uma elambile, egula, edinga usizo ngandlela thize ehluphekile njalo njalo. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi yize noma benozwelo bayaba nesihluku bacabange baze bafise okubi. UMkabayi noma wayesizwela isizwe sikayise kepha wagcina esenomona ngombuso waze wakha uzungu lokubulala uSojiyisa ngoba ethi uthatha ubukbosi kungafanele ngoba uyiThonga. Lapha ocwaningweni kuvezwa futhi ukuthi umuntu akaqashelwa ngoba esakhula nje kuphela kepha ngisho esemdala esegugile uyanakwa. Izalukazi nazo noma sezigugile zinendawo yazo ezimpilweni zomphakathi. Yizona ezenza imizi ime ngokuba abaxhumanisi phakathi kwabaphilayo nabangasekho. Kulesi sikhathi lapho sekwafika khona abamh10phe nemfundo kanye nenkolo sekwabenza abesifazane baguqula nendlela yokuvunula. Nakuba besekhona abavunula ngendlela yakudala yezidwaba nobuhlalu kepha abaningi sebagqoka izingubo ezenziwa ngezindwangu. Sisabuka lokho sebetholaka1a befaka namabhulukwe. Yize noma bekuthanda abanye, kepha abaningi abakuthandi ngoba isizwe sethu asisenamgogodla sithatheke kalula ngamasiko ezinye izizwe. Akushiwo nokho ukuthi bangenzi abakubona kwezinye izizwe kepha kumele bakhethe okuzoba amasiko amahle azokwakha isizwe esiqotho nesiqinile.

Submitted in partial requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2006. / Lolu cwaningo lucubungula indlela umfana akhuliswa ngayo esizweni samaZulu nokubaluleka kwakhe. Lubheka imikhutshana eyenziwa kusukela ezalwa ekhula aze eluse, esenga, ebophela, ebuthwa aze abe insizwa lapho eseqomisa. Isahluko sokuqala sizokwethula ucwaningo nenhloso yalo. Kuzovezwa umklamo wocwaningo nendlela ezosetshenziswa ngenkathi kubhekenwe nalo mshikashika. Kuzokwenekwa umlando omfishane ngendlela umfana akhuliswa ngayo esizweni sikaMalandela. Isahluko sesibili sizobheka kabanzi imikhutshana namasiko enziwa mhlazane kuzelwe umntwana womfana. Kuzobhekwa amakhambi agezwa ngawo nezinyamazane ashunqiselwa ngazo. Ukubaluleka kokugcotshwa ngebomvu nakho kuzobhekwa ngeso lokhozi. Luzobheka ngokubanzi umkhutshana wokuklekla, ukuphehla, ukusokwa luze lumgojele lapho esekhula. Isahluko sesithathu sizogxila lapho umfana eselusa noqeqesho aluthola khona. Sizomqala phansi lapho esalusa izinkukhu, sinyuke naye eselusa izimbuzi, aye emvemveni, emankonyaneni, amathole aze afike ezinkomeni. Izifundo ezitholakala ekwaluseni njengolwazi lwezilwane, izinyoni nemithi nakho kuzenhlobonhlobo etholakala ekwaluseni ukungcweka, ukudla iphaphu, nokuciba insema. esebuthwa nalapho eseba udibi. njengokubhukuda, Sizombheka lapho Isahluko sesine sizocubungula uqeqesho umfana aluthola ekhaya. Lapho kuzobhekwa ukusenga, ukuhlinza, ukuhlahlela, ukubophela izinkabi, nokudipha. Indlela yokuvunula sizoyifakela iso lapho ezofundiswa khona ukusika amabheshu nezinene. Ukugawula izintingo umfana efundiswa ukwakha isibaya nakho kuzovezwa. Isahluko sesihlanu sizogxila lapho umfana esengene ebunsizweni, eseqomisa. Sizobheka izingqinamba nemikhutshana ephathelene nokuqomisa. Amakhambi asetshenziswayo ukuze insizwa ibe nogazi ezintombini njengobulawu nakho kuzofakelwa iso. Eminye imikhutshana eyenziwayo ukuzuza intombi njengokunqunda izimbangi ukuyiphonsa, ukuyithwala, ukukhuzela neminye nakho kuzocutshungulwa. Umkhosi wokubonga indaba nawo ngeke wabukelwa phansi. Isahluko sesithupha sizobe sesiyiphothula le mbenge bese sihlaziya lonke ucwaningo siveze namakhambi (izincomo). Imidlalo

Submitted in fulfillment for the degree Master of Arts in the department of IsiZulu naMagugu at the University of Zululand, 2010. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo enzulu yokuveza ubuhlakani isizwe samaZulu esabuphiwa nguMdali, kusukela kokhokho bawokhokho kuze kufike kulesi sizukulwane kuphinde kwedlulele esizukulwaneni esizayo. Kuyadumaza ukubona isizwe kuthi ngoba sehlulwa empini ngesinye isizwe bese silahla konke okungamagugu, amasiko, ubuhlakani, umlando, ulimi lwaso nakho konke okusichaza kangcono phakathi kwezinye izizwe ngoba sigcina sesingasaliqondi imuva nephambili laso. Kuze kwabhekwa ukuma komuzi wesiZulu ngokwehlukana kwezinhlangothi ngokugana kwabalobokazi. Isibonelo: iNdlunkulu, ikhohlo kanye neqadi. Indawo lapha isibayo sakhiwa khona phakathi nomuzi ukuze wonke umuntu abone esibayeni ngaphandle kokusitheka. Ziningi izindlela okwakhiwa ngazo imizi kodwa lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukwehlukanisa imikhukhu, imizi yesilungu kuleyo eyakhiwe isiZulu phaqa. Lolu cwaningo lube nokulandelela lufuna iqiniso ngokuqanjwa kwamagama emizi ezigodini zakwesakwaMkhwanazi KwaDlangezwa. Kutholakale ukuthi ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi kuvela emibhinqweni, ngokuklolodelana, esimeni sendawo umuzi owakhiwe kuyo njalonjalo. Isahluko sokuqala sicacisa kuthi bha izinhloso zalolu cwaningo. Kulezi zinhloso kuvela nenkuthazo ekhuthaze umcwaningi ukuba acwaninge ngalesi sihloko. Ubekwenza elandela ukusuka nokuhlala kwesiko elilandelwayo uma umuntu ephuma umuzi nokuqanjwa kwegama lomuzi. Kuso lesi sahluko kuyacaciswa ukuthi kubaluleke ngani ukuqanjwa kwegama lomuzi ngomuzi, kubukwa nendlela okuqanjwa ngayo amagama emizi ezigodi zakwesakwaMkhwanazi KwaDlangezwa. Kulesi sahluko kubhekwa nendima okuzohanjwa kuyo eyimingcele yocwaningo. Lokho kusiza ukuthi lo msebenzi ungahambi unhlanhlathe kodwa uqoqeke. Ucwaningo luvezile ukuthi obani okumele bahlomule. Imibono yezingcithabuchopho ilunothisile ucwaningo. Isahluko sesibili sidingida ngemizi emibalwa engaphansi kwesigodi saseMangezi KwaDlangezwa ngaphansi kweNkosi uMkhwanazi. Kubhekwe ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi nenjula yakho kusukela ezikhonkwaneni ezehlukanisa indawo yakwaDlangezwa nendawo yasOngoye engaphansi kweNkosi uMzimela, kwedlulelwe eMatshemathathu kuze kuyogcina eNtingweni kwaLugweba ngaseMhlathuze esigodini seNduna uMnqayi. Isahluko sesithathu kucutshungulwe ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi kusukela ngaseMthungulwini eduze neThempeli laseNazaretha eWozawoza. Kwagudlwa ngasesitolo kwaCaluza kodwa awangeqiwa umfula iNkonjane, kwagcinwa ngomuzi wakwaNgqondonkulu (University of Zululand). Kuphindwe kwehliwa ngomfula obheke eMangezi kodwa awangawelwa umfula uMangezi. Empeleni kuzungezwe isigodi esingaphansi kweNduna uMuntu Mkheseni Zibani. Ucwaningo luvezile ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezikhinyabeza inhlalakahle yabantu uma umuntu engaphumanga ngokusesikweni. Inhlupheko, amashwa, ukufa kwabantu nempahla njalonjalo. Ucwaningo luphinde lwaveza ngokusobala indlela okungalungiswa ngayo. Isahluko sesine kucwaningwe ngokuqanjwa kwamagama emizi esigodini saseNkonjane kusukela emfuleni iNkonjane eduze neThempeli laseNazaretha eDumisani, kukhushukwe kwaze kwayogcina ngasesikoleni eMvuzemvuze. Kuphindwe kwehliwa ngomgwaqo uN2 kwedlulwa ngasesitolo kwaZenzele kwaze kwayogcinwa ngomfula uMhlathuze. Empeleni kuzungezwe isigodi seNduna ubaba uMfakeni Julius Mkhwanazi. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi kuvela ekuklolodelaneni, ekubhinqaneni, ekukhunkulaneni kwemindeni, ekuziphatheni kwabalobokazi ekhaya njalonjalo. Isibonelo: KwaGodlabathakathi, kwaPhumphele, kwaMntezinyele, kwaCezukukhuluma njalonjalo. Imiphumela yokukhala nokugedla kwamazinyo kumuntu othakathayo ekhaya lapho izikhuni sezibuya ngomkhwezeli nesiphetho sakhe okungukufa kwakhe nendlu yakhe. Isahluko sesihlanu kucwaningwe imizi embalwa engaphansi kwesigodi saseMahunu ngaphansi kweNduna uMandlakayise Mnguni KwaDlangezwa. Kucutshungulwe ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi nenjula yakho kusukela phansi olwandle ngaseThempelini laseNazaretha eNelisiwe kwaze kwayogcinwa ngomgwaqo ohlukanisa isigodi saseNahunu nelokishi lasEsikhawini ngakwaMcebisi. Kulesi sahluko ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuqanjwa kwamagama emizi imvamisa impilo yomuzi iyalilandela igama lawo. Isibonelo: KwaHlengimpilo, Ekukhanyeni, kwaThandwayinkosi njalonjalo. Indlela umuzi owakhiwa ngayo: iNdlunkulu, ikhohlo, iqadi, isibaya, isokangqangi, amalawu ezintombi nezinsizwa njalonjalo. Kucwaningwe ngeqhaza lolimi lwesiZulu, amasiko namagugu esizwe. Isahluko sesithupha siqukethe isihlaziyo socwaningo, kuvezwa konke okuthiwe kuzolandelwa. Ucwaningo lwenze iqoqa lawo wonke umsebenzi ovele ezakhiweni ezehlukene. Ucwaningo lubuye lwadingida izincomo ezihambisana nawo wonke umsebenzi oveziwe ezahlukweni ezahlukene. Esiphethweni salolu cwaningo zinconyiwe izinhlelo ezinegalelo ekususeni inkungu yokungazi ngokubaluleka kokuqanjwa komuzi igama.

Submitted in fulfilment for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2010. / Ukuvuselelwa kwesiko lokuhlonipha entsheni eNsundu ikakhulukazi esizweni sakwaZulu wucwaningo oluzama ukucubungula izindlela ezingalekelela ukwakha isizwe esinenhlonipho nesimilo esihle. Isahluko sokuqala sethula indikimba ngalokho ucwaningo oluphokophelele ukukuhlaziya. Kulesi sahluko kuvezwa ilukuluku eliyimbangela yokucwaninga ngalesi sihloko. Kuphinde kuvezwe nenhloso yocwaningo okuwukukhuthaza inhlonipho entsheni. Isahluko sesibili siveza izindlela zesintu ezingalekelela ukubuyisela isiko lokuhlonipha entsheni. Lezi zindlela zesintu zihlanganisa ukugweba, ukusoma, ukuhloniphana kwezintombi nezinsizwa, ukuhlonipha kwezintombi isifo, ukubalekela nokuhlolwa kwezintombi. Lezi zindlela zesintu zineqhaza elibalulekile ezilibamba ukugqugquzela inhlonipho entsheni. Isahluko sesithathu siveza indima elinywa uMnyango Wemfundo ukugqugquzela isiko lokuhlonipha nokuziphatha kahle entsheni. Lesi sahluko sicubungula izindlela ezingasetshenziswa othisha ukuzama ukuqondisa izingane eziyizigwegwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa induku. Lesi sahluko siphinde siveze izindlela ezingasetshenziswa othisha ezikoleni ukuxwayisa intsha ngesifo sengculazi. Isahluko sesine sicubungula iqhaza elibanjwa amasonto ukuzama ukubuyisela isiko lokuhlonipha entsheni. Kuhlaziywe izinkolo ezintathu okuyinkolo yobuNazaretha, inkolo yobu-Islam kanye nenkolo yobuKristu. Lezi zinkolo zontathu yize kukhona lapho zinomehluko khona kodwa zigcizelela inhlonipho entsheni. Isahluko sesihlanu sicubungula iqhaza elibanjwa uMnyango wamaPhoyisa kanye noMnyango wokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ekuvuseleleni isiko lokuhlonipha entsheni eNsundu. Inhlosongqangi yale minyango ukushintsha izimilo entsheni esidlebelekile. Isahluko sesithupha sona siqoqa amaphuzu abalulwe ezahlukweni ezingaphambi kwaso. Lesi sahluko sithi siqoqa sibe sikhomba inyathuko okumele ilandelwe ukuzama ukubuyisela isiko lokuhlonipha nokuziphatha kahle entsheni eNsundu.

Submitted in partial fullfilment for the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2002. / Lolu cwaningo lubheka iqhaza labesifazane esizweni samaZulu .Kubhekiswe kakhulukazi kuMkabayi kaJama owayengubabekazi kaShaka. Ucwaningo oseluke lwenziwa ngaphambilini ngabacwaningi abanjengo-Nkuna (2001) lapho wavecwaninga khona ngeqhaza labesifazane bamaSwazi kwimidlalo (dramas). Uthi likhulu iqhaza elibanjwe ngabantu besifazane nokuba bethathwa njengabantu abangabalulekile nje kakhulu emphakathini uma beqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Kunenkolelo yokuthi abantu besifazane bangabantu ababi ngoba kwasekuqaleni ibona abaletha isono 'emhlabeni lapho u-Eva elinga u-Adam ngokumephulisa umyalo kaNkulunkulu owayebayale ngawo ngesikhathi ebabeka ensimini yase-Eden. Baze bathi abanye wake wasilaya u-Eva ngabe asihlupheki njengoba sihlupheka kangaka nje. Konke lokho njalo ubunzima obethweswa umuntu wesifazane. Ocwaningweni olwenziwayo ngabantu besifazane kuyatholakala ukuthi babukeleka phansi kakhulu. Bathathwa njengabantu abangabalulekile kakhulu nemisebenzi yabo engemikhulu kakhulu. Uma uxoxisana nabantu besifazane uyathola ukuthi abaningi bayayibona nabo le ndlela abantu besifazane abathathwa ngayo. futhi bayakhombisa ukuthi nabo abayithandi. Akukho okuhle okulindeleke kumuntu wesifazane ngoba uke uzwe kuthiv,a uma umuntu wesifazane enze kahle '"udodile". lokho kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi umuntu owenza kahle indoda kuphela