Independent News & Media (South Africa) (pty) Limited the leading newspaper group in South Africa commissioned an investigation into the strategic launch of a newspaper targeted at the African consumer in the KwaZulu Natal (KZN) market. Independent Newspapers had a profitable Service Agreement with Mandla Matla the owners of ILANGA, the oldest Zulu language bi-weekly newspaper in KZN, which expired on March 31,2002. Prior to the ending of the Service Agreement between the two companies, Independent Newspapers was restrained from publishing a Zulu language newspaper. In order to minimise the effect of the loss of profit from the Service Agreement, various options were determined and a through investigation was commissioned. One option was the possible launch of a new Zulu language newspaper. Reader research was commissioned in the form of reader focus groups and reader questionnaires to determine whether there was room for another newspaper targeting the African consumer. The reader research indicated the strong desire for a daily newspaper ideally in Zulu. A comprehensive financial analysis and a new product development strategy was presented in order to best utilise the research findings and develop a profitable and consumer ariven newspaper. In order to achieve this a number of strategic models were used in the development of the proposed new product. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2002.

The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness phenomena (particularly isiHlonipho) within the isiZulu speaking community in KwaZulu Natal. The study focuses on the understanding of isiHlonipho within the isiZulu speaking community and whether males and females from the urban and rural areas share a similar or different understanding of isiHlonipho. Furthermore the thesis investigates which of the existing Western/non-Western models of politeness are relevant for describing the politeness phenomena in the target community. In order to achieve triangulation, qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used. These comprised of interviews with cultural/religious leaders, discourse completion tasks, and interviews with males and females from urban and rural areas in Mdumezulu and Umlazi Township. My findings reveal that the understanding of politeness phenomena within the target community is more in keeping with that in other non-Western cultures than in Western cultures. Females from the rural area are found to utilize isiHlonipho more than those females from the urban area. On the basis of this limited sample, it is argued that females from the urban area may be beginning to reject traditional Zulu femininity in favour of more westernized identities. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

M.A. / The term locative refers to all words that have a locative meaning. They include locative nouns, i.e. nouns that belong to classes 16, 17 and 18. Locatively derived nouns, i.e. nouns to which the locative prefix and/or suffix or variants thereof have been added to convey a locative meaning, are also included. Word groups and certain nouns can also obtain a locative meaning by the addition of the locative particle or locative possessive particle. Various theories on the origin of the locative prefix, suffix and class prefixes are discussed. The word status of locatives is investigated, leading to the conclusion that locatives belong to the word class "noun". A morphological description of locative nouns as well as of the norm and variants of the locative prefix and suffix used with locatively derived nouns is provided. The morphological features of the locative particle and the locative possessive particle are discussed. As a result of the combination of locative morphemes with nouns in the derivation of locatives or particles that occur with word groups, certain sound changes occur. These changes can be organized logically and in detail by using phonological rules. In European languages the meaning of locatives is conveyed by adverbs and prepositions. The basic semantic feature of locatives is the feature [+ locality]. In certain instances it also has the feature of reference to an object. Locatives have a wide variety of possible syntactical uses, including the following: subject valence, object valence, descriptive (or adverbial) valence, complementary valence, qualificative and antecedental valence. Pronouns derived from the locative noun classes can serve as auxiliary verbs and conjunctions. In certain syntactical contexts the locative prefix can be omitted from locatively derived nouns

No description available.

Abstract in English / The aim of this study was to find out what constituted in Zulu the phenumenon which in the Bantu languages is generally known as the Causative. A corpus of 50 arbitrarily chosen sentences was gleaned :from two Zulu novels. Most of these sentences contained a verb which displayed formatives that are usually considered to be those which bring about the causative derivation. To complete the corpus verbs containing other formatives were also included, mainly on the grounds of a hunch by the author that they might be causative derivations. These verbs and sentences were then put to a threefold test: morphological,syntactical and semantic. In each case a criterion was first worked out and then the verbs in the corpus were one by one measured against the respective yardstick. Morphologically the criterion consists in large parts of a ·transcription forrnula which is :made up of the subject concord of the doer-substantive plus the superordinate of all Zulu verbs i.e. -enza, plus the conjuctive-noun 'to be' i.e. ukuba plus the second concord of the done to-substantive plus subjunctive stem of the base form of the verb under test. Syntactically the criterion needed a newly-introduced subtantive replacing the subject of the basic sentence to become the object of the derived sentence. The state or process contained in the basic verb must however still be ascribed to the now new object of the derived sentence, whereas the derived verb must still be ascribed to the new subject. Semantically the criterion calls for a verb which is inherently a state or a process to be changed into an action-process. Verbs which are action-processes from the outset naturally do not fit the criterion. Of importance here was also the semantic features of agent, patient etc. which substantatives have, and the relation in which such nouns have with the verb. The outcome of these 3 tests, in each case led to the same 32 verbs being pointed out as causatives. A significant conclusion reached was that only intransitive verbs could be be made, causative by means of a derivative formative. A further conclusion was that there are no exclusively causative formatives in Zulu. The causative is determined by a special semantic-syntactic interrelationship between the derived verb and the substantitives in the sentence , A causative sentence must contain an agent, a agent as object and a derived verb which has been changed into an action-process from a base form which was inherently a state or a process / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Submitted in partial requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of IsiZulu namaGugu in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2002. / Ukubaluleka kwenhlanzeko ekuphathweni komsebenzi wabadala wucwaningo olumpande zalo ziphuza emajukujukwini empilo yomuntu ongum-Afrika nesiko lakhe kanjalo futhi zibe zilunguza esikweni lomZulu phaqa. Ukulondolozwa kwamasiko omdabu yiwona mthambo ongumnyoluka wempilo noyinjulalwazi ngemvelaphi yomuntu nomuntu njengoba edaliwe wabekwa echosheni elithile lomhlaba ngoPhezukonke. Ukugudluka kwezinsika zokugcinwa kwamasiko omdabu ikakhulukazi ukubukelwa phansi kwephuzu lenhlanzeko lapho kuphathwa imisebenzi yasebalala yikhona kanye okususe usinga lokuba kwenziwe lolu cwaningo. Sekuhambe ibanga ukugcinwa kwamasiko kodwa le ngxenye yesiko ibinganakiwe ngokungako. Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo yokubuka ngeso elijulile ukubaluleka kwezinsika zokugcinwa ngokuyikho amasiko eSintu ngoba aphethe injulalwazi yempilo yomuntu emenza ehluke kwabanye kanjalo nomlando wakhe. Lolu cwaningo ngumkhombandlela ekugcinweni ngokuyikho komsebenzi wabadala ngenhloso yokuphephisa leyo nzika esasele njengoba izivunguvungu zokushabalalisa amasiko omdabu zilwa impi yansukuzonke. Esokuqala isahluko sethula indikimba ngalokho ucwaningo oluphokophelele ukukuhlaziya. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, isahluko siphinde siveze lokho okube yilahle eliyimbeleselane elisuse ugqozi lokuhlwaya ngalesi sihloko. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi lolu cwaningo lunemincele ngenxa yokuba ngudedangendlale kwesihloko salo yingakho nje lona lucubungule esingakubiza ngokuthi yiwona mongo walesi sihloko, inhlanzeko. Esokugcina sona siqoqa amaphuzu adingidiwe ngenhloso yokuphetha imbenge kanjalo nokuveza iZlncomo okungathi ngokulandelwa kwazo ngokuyalela kocwaningo kube khona izinguquko endleleni isiko elibukwa ngayo kanjalo nasendleleni abantu abagcina ngayo imisebenzi yabakubo asebalala. Indikimba yalolu cwaningo yona yakhiwa yizahluko eziyisithupha ezidingida izigaba zokukhula komuntu kusuka ezalwa, egana I eganwa kuze kube wendela koyisemkhulu. Isahluko sesibili siyinjulalwazi ngenkolo yomdabu ikakhulukazi kugxilwa kwinhlanzeko efundiswa abantwana lapho befika kulo mhlaba bese leyo mfundiso beyigwinya, bayiphile nokuyikona okubalungiselela ikusasa elifika nezingqinamba zalo. Isahluko sesithathu sona sibuka ukugcinwa kwamasiko endabuko ikakhulukazi lawo agcinelwa abantwana besebancane kuze kuyofika lapho bethomba khona. Ukubaluleka kwawo kanjalo nophawu oluhambisana nawo yikona olugcizelelweyo. Inhloso kuseyiyona leyo yokubuka ngeso elinzulu iphuzu lenhlanzeko njengesinongo-esingugo ekuphumeleliseni la masiko kanjalo' nokwedlulisela ngempumelelo umntwana emabangeni ahlukahlukene. Isahluko sesine sona sibheka umemulo nenhlanzeko egcizelelwa yileli siko. Lesi sahluko sibheka ubuntombi nto njengesizathu sokugcinelwa leli siko. Uphawu ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo lukhuluma buthule nezethameli kuleli siko. Lesi sahluko sandulela futhi sishanela amabala aleso sokuganana leso okuxoxwe ngaso kwisahluko sesihlanu. Ubumsulwa bentombi I bensizwa yibona obudlulisela ngesinono umuntu kuleli banga. Umlobokazi ukufakazela ngokufaka imvakazi lobu bumsula ngosuku lodwendwe. Isahluko sesithupha sibheka ibanga esingalibiza ngebanga eliyisiphetho sempilo yomuntu yakwamhlaba izinga lokufa. Lesi sahluko sicubungula injululwazi ngokufa qobo kanjalo namabanga ahanjwa ngumphefumulo womuntu, uhlanzwa ngemisebenzi egcinwayo enhlobonhlobo ukuze ubuye uzongena ebudlozini bekhaya. Isahluko sesikhombisa sibuka izinguquko ezikhona ekugcinweni kwawo wonke la masiko okuxoxwe ngawo ezahlukweni ezidlule. Izizathu ezidala izinguquko ekugcinweni kwala masiko zibekwe obala. Kuphawuliwe futhi kulesi sahluko ngobunjalo bamasiko kanjalo nokuhambelana kwawo nesikhathi okuphilwa kuso. Ubunjalo bezinguquko bushiyelwe umfundi ukuba kube nguyena owehlulelayo ngobuhle nobubi bazo. Umcwaningi ushiyele ofundayo ukwahlulela ngobuhle nobubi bezinguquko zesikhathi emasikweni endabuko. Isahluko sesishiyagalombili sona siqoqa amaphuzu okuxoxwe ngawo ezahlukweni ezingaphambi kwaso.Okubalulekile ngalesi sahluko wukuthi sithi siyiqoqa kanjalo futhi sibe siyinkombandlela yalokho okubukwa ngeso lomcwaningi ukuthi kungaholela ekugcinweni ngendlela eyamukelekileyo kwamasiko omdabu. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, 1990. / This study is a review of the Possessive in Zulu. Many grammarians that have dealt with the possessive in Zulu over—emphasised the structure of the possessive thus very often neglecting the meaning of the possessive in Zulu, and the so-called unmarked possessive. Different approaches to word identification have been discussed. The implications of the two approaches to word identification for the possessive in Zulu, namely, the conjunctive5^ and the semi- X conjunctive approach, have been discussed. The conjunctivists indicate that the possessive is one word made up of three parts, the agreement morpheme, the possessive norpheme and the possessor. e.g. i + a - urafana yomf sr. = ■' of the boy ! The semi-conjunctivists indicate that a possessive consists of two words, namely, a possessive particle and a complement- e.g. ya-umfana ' (of the boy) Possessives that are direct in manner have been distinguished by inter alia Dotee- These possessives are semantically and morphologically regular. e.g. ibhola lomfana (the ball of the boy) Some structures do not include the possessive particle and yet they do carry a possessive meaning. e.g. uyihlo (your father} There are possessives that are indirect in nature, having possessive particles, but which do not imply true possession. The noun-possessor, and the noun-possessee are thus not semantically in a true possessive relationship in an example such as the following. e.g. intalantala yomsebenzi (a lot of work) Possessives which are structurally irregular in that they contain no possessive particle, are also discussed in this study. The possessor and the posses see are in a part-whole relationship in this sentence. e.g. ngiphule umfana ingalo (I broke the boy * s arm)

This study is set to explore the theory of speech acts with special reference to Zulu. This is done with the motive of discovering the applicability of this theory to the utterances that are issued by the speakers of this language. Particular attention is given to the performatives as a special kind of speech act. Their examination reveals that in Zulu, there are acts, which could be performed by saying something. We distinguish between explicit and inexplicit performatives. Explicit performatives contain a verb in their main clause which names the act that is performed when a performative is issued. The inexplicit performative on the other hand does not contain this verb. Acts that are restrained as far as the explicit performative is concerned, would rather be expressed by means of the inexplicit performative. Utterances such as those that express commands, customarily make use of the imperative, which is an inexplicit performative. A closer examination of how performatives are realised in Zulu, reveals that in order for the performatives to be understood as intended by the speaker, the illocutionary force, of what the speaker intends or means by the issuance of the utterance in question, comes to the surface. It is the illocutionary force which connote that an utterance is a request, a command, a warning, etc. Performatives can also be double-natured in function. One performative could be a request which is intended as an order. In this case it is the responsibility of the addressee to use contextual information in order to determine that which is the speaker's intention. In this investigation, what has surfaced as well, is that one speech act could be expressed in various different ways. For instance, a request, could be expressed by the use of a performative, an imperative, a question and a statement. Another factor which we came across in this study, and which has a significant bearing on the performative, is that they should comply with the conditions of felicity, if they are to be successful and understood as intended by the addressee. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

This thesis entitled Umoya Wamagama endeavors to establish the nature of the relationship between IsiZulu and Haitian Kreyòl. As a member of the Nguni group, IsiZulu is spoken by Africans. On the other side, Kreyòl is spoken by African descendants of Haiti, the world's first Black independent Republic. Viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective, these two languages exhibit a significant relationship, hence this important observation: IsiZulu- Haitian Krèyol: So Close, Yet So Far! In other words, they are far from a linguistic point of view but close from a psycho-theological perspective. * So Far: Comparative linguistics shows that Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin. * So Close: Born in Haiti during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, Kreyòl keeps alive the spirit of the African ancestors and still contains linguistic roots of ancestral languages. Vital and vibrant is this historical relatedness linking the two languages. While Haitian Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin, it shares with IsiZulu an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms deeply rooted in Ubuntu. Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. These words crystallize the essence of Ubuntu. Its psychological and theological study transcends the literal language. In that regard Umoya Wamagama refers to both literal and figurative linguistic expressions. The emphasis however is more on the words which connote additional layers of meaning rather than those which simply denote their meanings. The method used in this thesis is comparative, descriptive, investigative, analytic and exegetic when necessary. Providing evidence of linguistic relationships, the comparative and analytic approach then embraces the semantic field of IsiZulu-Kreyòl as a significant psycholexicology where explanations puts an emphasis on the meaning and the spirit of the words. Siye ngomoya wamagama. Hence, the core question of addressing the psychological and theological dimensions of this research which is based on a multidisciplinary approach. After 500 years, in the wake of European colonial expansion, the Spirit of the African slaves is still alive in the psyche and the language of the Haitian people. As we said above: Yize isiKreyòl saseHaiti sifuze nesiFulentshi nesiLatini, sabelana nesiZulu ngokwemisuka nangokwezimiso zezinkolelo okunezimpande ezijulile emfundisweni yobuntu. IsiZulu and Kreyòl are related through an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms rooted in Ubuntu. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This thesis entitled Umoya Wamagama endeavors to establish the nature of the relationship between IsiZulu and Haitian Kreyòl. As a member of the Nguni group, IsiZulu is spoken by Africans. On the other side, Kreyòl is spoken by African descendants of Haiti, the world's first Black independent Republic. Viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective, these two languages exhibit a significant relationship, hence this important observation: IsiZulu- Haitian Krèyol: So Close, Yet So Far! In other words, they are far from a linguistic point of view but close from a psycho-theological perspective. * So Far: Comparative linguistics shows that Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin. * So Close: Born in Haiti during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, Kreyòl keeps alive the spirit of the African ancestors and still contains linguistic roots of ancestral languages. Vital and vibrant is this historical relatedness linking the two languages. While Haitian Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin, it shares with IsiZulu an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms deeply rooted in Ubuntu. Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. These words crystallize the essence of Ubuntu. Its psychological and theological study transcends the literal language. In that regard Umoya Wamagama refers to both literal and figurative linguistic expressions. The emphasis however is more on the words which connote additional layers of meaning rather than those which simply denote their meanings. The method used in this thesis is comparative, descriptive, investigative, analytic and exegetic when necessary. Providing evidence of linguistic relationships, the comparative and analytic approach then embraces the semantic field of IsiZulu-Kreyòl as a significant psycholexicology where explanations puts an emphasis on the meaning and the spirit of the words. Siye ngomoya wamagama. Hence, the core question of addressing the psychological and theological dimensions of this research which is based on a multidisciplinary approach. After 500 years, in the wake of European colonial expansion, the Spirit of the African slaves is still alive in the psyche and the language of the Haitian people. As we said above: Yize isiKreyòl saseHaiti sifuze nesiFulentshi nesiLatini, sabelana nesiZulu ngokwemisuka nangokwezimiso zezinkolelo okunezimpande ezijulile emfundisweni yobuntu. IsiZulu and Kreyòl are related through an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms rooted in Ubuntu. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)