Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-343).

Over the last five decades, a rich literature on the welfare state has developed. Multiple theories and models seek to explain the contemporary welfare state, including structural functionalist, structural-Marxist and Marxist perspectives, culturalist approaches, pluralist analyses, neo-institutionalist theories, power resources theory, Harold Wilensky and Lebeaux’s dual model, Richard Titmuss’s tri-polar model, and Gøsta Esping-Andersen’s tri-polar model, all designed to account for the emergence of and variations among welfare states. However, these theories and models originated within the developed world, and empirical examinations of these theories are largely restricted within this part of the world. The welfare state literature is too confined to the West today. This study examines key welfare state theories and models in the contexts of developing and least developed nations employing a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and comparative methodologies. It suggests that social policies and programs in the developing nations can be systematically understood in the light of mainstream Western theories and models of the welfare state. Therefore, in addition to challenging current practices that limit the study of the welfare state within particular geographical areas, the research presented here provides rationale for increased efforts to understand welfare policies and programs in developing nations. This will increase our knowledge about the applicability of theories in the developing world and will enrich the understanding of the developed world, and thus contribute to the advancement of welfare state scholarship. / February 2016

From the late nineteenth century to the end of the Great War, Britain underwent a profound transition in the way the State conceptualized and approached the related issues of infant mortality, maternal welfare, and public health. For much of the nineteenth century, the State’s liberal, laissez-faire tradition dictated an anti-interventionist approach to public health which emphasized the notion of personal responsibility and respected individual liberties. Complementing this, the fragmented, localized and disciplinary governance methods this engendered were reflective of the Foucauldian power technology of anatomo-power. However, armed with knowledge of the conditions of the slums and the military consequences such conditions reaped shortly after the turn of the century, Britain’s legislative and governance approach to infant and maternal welfare, and public health more generally, evolved as the State began to take greater control over these issues in a manner reflective of a turn towards the welfare state and biopolitics. However, it was only upon the declaration of War in 1914, and in response to the cataclysmic threats this conflict presented, that the conditions occurred which allowed the State to exert an unprecedented authority over the population. This implicitly challenged the traditions of laissez faire-liberalism and anatomo-power, and reflected a pivotal turn towards the welfare state and the implementation of biopolitical governance techniques. Using Foucault’s theory of biopolitics, this thesis assesses this transition with a view to emphasizing the experiences of working-class women, their children, and how their health and welfare improved as a result of these complementary and parallel transitions.

In 1997 the journalist and author Maciej Zaremba published an article in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The article drew associations between racial biology, eugenics and the Swedish social democratic governance. Zaremba’s article presented records from a period of forty years when over 60 000 people of the Swedish population were sterilized. The records showed that many of them were executed under questionable circumstances. Zaremba woke a debate within the Swedish mass media with the intended goal to foil the general view of the Swedish state of welfare. In this study the debate that led to the laws of sterilization will be investigated to provide answers if the motives behind the law were based on eugenic motives. Furthermore, any disagreements between the different parties in the parliament are analyzed. Previous published research in the field evolves around the origin and the consequences of the Swedish sterilization laws however, the analysis of the argumentation that led to the creation of the regulations seems to be missing. The empirical data is gathered through qualitative research of parliament protocols and newspapers followed by an analysis based on Foucaults concept of bio power. The model for a power analysis by Axelsson and Qvarsebos have been used to concretize the concept of bio power. The analysis shows that the arguments were often rooted in eugenic thoughts and beliefs. The overall purpose was to improve the human race through the fabrication of sterilizations.

Summary In the theoretical part of the thesis Selected Economic Aspects of Social Care Services, I present a definition and an overview of the statutory regulation of social care services in the historical perspective and from the viewpoint of the valid law. The subsequent section, which is the core segment of the theoretical part of my thesis, sets forth a specification and a general outline of all social care services available in our jurisdiction. The chapter about the funding of social services identifies the available financial resources, and the range of options associated with the payment of social care services. The services and particularly the financing methods constitute a frequent topic for discussion among all main initiators (promoters, movers) of social services. In the practical part of the thesis, I present an identification of financial resources of one selected social service provider, and an analysis of its income from transfers, users payments for meals, from the accommodation and care allowances, and other revenue generated from 2005 to 2015. This part of the thesis also shows a comparison of the amount of individual transfers and payments from users, including per-user care allowance per year and month in the period from 2005 to 2015. The analysis is then used to identify the system for subsidy allocation, to draw conclusions on specific findings, and to present some recommendations. The last section of the practical part compares the selected social service provider with other organizations providing the same services in the year 2014.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar a previdência social no Brasil. Um estudo das reformas previdenciárias adotadas na Argentina e no Chile serve como parâmetro de comparação para analisar o caso brasileiro. Através da literatura e dos dados pesquisados, procura-se conhecer a história, a composição, a constituição, assim como as principais fragilidades do sistema previdenciário e seus impactos nas economias em questão (chilena, argentina e brasileira). Foram pesquisadas soluções e estratégias, tanto econômicas quanto legais, adotadas nas reformas previdenciária do Chile e da Argentina. Tenta-se responder se estas estratégias foram bem sucedidas nestes paises, e apresentar a relevância dessas reformas para o caso brasileiro, fornecendo sugestões para futuros trabalhos. Os resultados do trabalho apontam a previdência social brasileira como uma grande política pública de assistência social, diferente dos sistemas de previdência da Argentina e do Chile. Além disso, demonstra-se que as particularidades da população e da economia no Brasil impedem a implantação desses modelos de reforma, uma vez que isto implicaria em um altíssimo custo social. / The present dissertation has the objective of analyze the social welfare in Brazil, making a comparison with the social welfare reforms adopted in Argentina and Chile. Through the literature and researched datas, we looked forward to know its composition, constitution, and main vulnerabilities of the social welfare system in the economy of Chile, Argentina and Brazil.Were researched solutions and strategies, not just economic but also legal, adopted in the reform of social welfare in Chile and Argentina. It is tried to answer weather the strategies had been successful in these countries, and to present the relevance of these reforms to the Brazilian case, providing suggestions for future works.The results of the research, points the Brazilian social welfare as a great public politic of social assistance, different from the systems of Argentina and Chile. Besides this, it is demonstrated that the particularities of the population and of the economy in Brazil hinder the implantation of these models of reform, as it would demand a high social cost.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar a previdência social no Brasil. Um estudo das reformas previdenciárias adotadas na Argentina e no Chile serve como parâmetro de comparação para analisar o caso brasileiro. Através da literatura e dos dados pesquisados, procura-se conhecer a história, a composição, a constituição, assim como as principais fragilidades do sistema previdenciário e seus impactos nas economias em questão (chilena, argentina e brasileira). Foram pesquisadas soluções e estratégias, tanto econômicas quanto legais, adotadas nas reformas previdenciária do Chile e da Argentina. Tenta-se responder se estas estratégias foram bem sucedidas nestes paises, e apresentar a relevância dessas reformas para o caso brasileiro, fornecendo sugestões para futuros trabalhos. Os resultados do trabalho apontam a previdência social brasileira como uma grande política pública de assistência social, diferente dos sistemas de previdência da Argentina e do Chile. Além disso, demonstra-se que as particularidades da população e da economia no Brasil impedem a implantação desses modelos de reforma, uma vez que isto implicaria em um altíssimo custo social. / The present dissertation has the objective of analyze the social welfare in Brazil, making a comparison with the social welfare reforms adopted in Argentina and Chile. Through the literature and researched datas, we looked forward to know its composition, constitution, and main vulnerabilities of the social welfare system in the economy of Chile, Argentina and Brazil.Were researched solutions and strategies, not just economic but also legal, adopted in the reform of social welfare in Chile and Argentina. It is tried to answer weather the strategies had been successful in these countries, and to present the relevance of these reforms to the Brazilian case, providing suggestions for future works.The results of the research, points the Brazilian social welfare as a great public politic of social assistance, different from the systems of Argentina and Chile. Besides this, it is demonstrated that the particularities of the population and of the economy in Brazil hinder the implantation of these models of reform, as it would demand a high social cost.

Orientador: Cláudio Salvadori Dedecca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T10:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_VictoriaEcheverriade_M.pdf: 1938659 bytes, checksum: 6cbc010c440b606c5ae7f786f8f6df8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho situa-se no âmbito da discussão sobre a conceituação e definição dos termos Política Social e Welfare State assim como as tipologias deste último enfatizando as origens e o desenvolvimento dos regimes de proteção social em países previamente selecionados. Nele são apresentadas diversas análises sobre os principais fatores que determinaram as origens e o desenvolvimento do Welfare State, com base em diversos autores como Wilensky, Offe, O'Connor, Esping-Andersen, Orloff, Skocpol, dentre outros. Também são apresentadas as tipologias de Titmuss, Esping-Andersen, Ferrera e Moreno. A exposição desses estudos culminou na formulação de um quadro útil da configuração dos regimes de proteção social nos países de economias capitalistas avançadas e no Brasil. Pretende com isto contribuir para a reflexão teórica sobre papel das políticas sociais na sociedade atual / Abstract: This work lies within the discussion about the concept and definition of Social Policy and Welfare State and also about the Welfare State's typologies emphasizing the origins and development of social protection schemes in countries previously selected. Several analyses of the main factors that determined the origins and development of the Welfare State are presented based on several authors as Wilensky, Offe, O'Connor, Esping-Andersen, Orloff, Skocpol, among others. The Welfare State's typologies developed by Titmuss, Esping-Andersen, Ferrera and Moreno are also presented. The exhibition of these studies culminated in the formulation of a useful and configured framework of social protection schemes in the advanced capitalist economies and in Brazil. The intention is to contribute to the theoretical reflection about the role of social policies in today's society / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T19:58:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nittinaannaaraujobianchibotaro.pdf: 995482 bytes, checksum: 0cc96441c43b7e0638e5553cefa78b69 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T13:14:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nittinaannaaraujobianchibotaro.pdf: 995482 bytes, checksum: 0cc96441c43b7e0638e5553cefa78b69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T13:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nittinaannaaraujobianchibotaro.pdf: 995482 bytes, checksum: 0cc96441c43b7e0638e5553cefa78b69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-05 / O objeto deste trabalho é o estudo da presença dos planos de saúde privados nos sistema de saúde brasileiro desde o final do século passado, com foco na ação regulatória desenvolvida pela Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Serão destacados os debates e resoluções de sua Diretoria Colegiada e as atas da Câmara de Saúde Suplementar. Em especial nessa última é possível identificar a participação dos diferentes atores que estão presentes na operação do sistema de saúde. Em nosso caso, vamos considerar apenas aqueles que, de certa forma, têm interesse direto na regulação e no funcionamento dos planos de saúde, isto é, as empresas de planos e seguros de saúde os médicos, os hospitais, o governo e os usuários. / -

This dissertation examines the welfare state and social pacts and determines both the causes for their decline and the political effects of their erosion in a series of three papers. Though each of these papers stands alone, together they speak to the growing influence of the European Union, which I find has been a catalyst for retrenchment and diminished social pacts in the aftermath of the Eurozone Crisis. Furthermore, it has been an underestimated factor in the contemporary spike in support for radical right parties. In an era where unpopular policies are imposed by governments under pressure from supranational entities, this volume answers the question of how the public responds to and perceives these changes. Importantly, this dissertation finds that there are two distinct national models for how the public responds to unpopular policies and ultimately the distinction between these two models is whether or not the public rewards parties for past performance or simply punishes them for unpopular policies. This volume sheds light on a political world where austerity is the consensus policy and national governments are constrained by supranational politics. The first paper presents an experimental design testing how the policy evaluations of people in Sweden and the U.K. are influenced by partisan cues. I develop the concept of issue deficits, building and expanding upon the issue ownership literature and behavioral economics. The results show two distinct models, with Sweden acting according to the issue ownership model and the U.K. acting according to my issue deficit theory. My second paper combines a large-N analysis of a cross-national survey with a qualitative analysis, which demonstrates that Euroskepticism is a major independent driver of support for radical right parties. My third paper shows that the European Union has been a significant factor in the decline of social pacts in Europe using a nested analysis. Pressure from the EU can either produce negotiations or stifle them, depending on if the pressure is visible in the public sphere.