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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
311

Taste receptors in the gut: a chemosensitive mechanism from fish to human

Latorre, Rocco <1981> 15 May 2013 (has links)
The ingestion of a meal evokes a series of digestive processes, which consist of the essential functions of the digestive system: food transport, secretory activity, absorption of nutrients and the expulsion of undigested residues do not absorbed. The gastrointestinal chemosensitivity is characterized by cellular elements of the endocrine gastrointestinal mucosa and nerve fibers, in particular of vagal nature. A wide range of mediators endocrine and/or paracrine can be released from various endocrine cells in response to nutrients in the diet. These hormones, in addition to their direct activity, act through specific receptors activating some of the most important functions in the control of energy intake and energy homeostasis in the body. For integration of this complex system of control of gastrointestinal chemosensitivity, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of taste receptors (TR) belonging to the family of G proteins coupled receptor expressed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract of different mammals and human. This thesis is divided into several research projects that have been conceived in order to clarify the relationship between TR and nutrients. To define this relationship I have used various scientific approaches, which have gone on to evaluate changes in signal molecules of TR, in particular of the α-transducin in the fasting state and after refeeding with standard diet in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig, the mapping of the same molecule signal in the gastrointestinal tract of fish (Dicentrarchus labrax), the signaling pathway of bitter TR in the STC-1 endocrine cell line and finally the involvement of bitter TR in particular of T2R38 in patients with an excessive caloric intake. The results showed how there is a close correlation between nutrients, TR and hormonal release and how they are useful both in taste perception but also likely to be involved in chronic diseases such as obesity. / L’ingestione di un pasto evoca una serie di processi digestivi che consistono nelle funzioni essenziali dell’apparato digerente, trasporto degli alimenti, attività secretiva, assorbimento dei nutrienti digeriti e l’espulsione dei residui non assorbiti. La gastrointestinal chemosensitivity è caratterizzata da elementi cellulari endocrini della mucosa gastroenterica e da fibre nervose, soprattutto di natura vagale. Una ampia gamma di mediatori endocrini e/o paracrini possono essere rilasciati da varie cellule endocrine in risposta a nutrienti introdotti con la dieta. Tali ormoni, oltre alla loro attività diretta, agiscono attraverso recettori specifici attivando azioni di assoluta importanza nel controllo di varie funzioni tra cui l’introito calorico e l’omeostasi energetica dell’organismo. Ad integrazione di questo complesso sistema di controllo della chemosensitività gastrointestinale, recenti evidenze dimostrano la presenza di recettori del gusto (o taste receptors, TR) appartenenti alla famiglia dei recettori correlati alle proteine G espressi a livello della mucosa del tratto gastrointestinale di diversi mammiferi e dell’uomo. La presente ricerca, suddivisa in diversi progetti di ricerca, è stata concepita al fine di chiarire il rapporto tra TR e nutrienti. Per definire questo rapporto sono stati usati diversi approcci scientifici, che sono andati a valutare le variazioni delle molecole segnale dei TR in particolare dell’α-transducina in condizioni di digiuno e a seguito di rialimentazione standard nel tratto gastrointestinale di suino, la mappatura della stessa molecola segnale nel tratto gastrointestinale di pesce (Dicentrarchus Labrax), il signaling pathway dei bitter TR in colture cellulari endocrine STC-1 ed infine il coinvolgimento dei bitter TR, in particolare del T2R38 in pazienti con un eccessivo introito calorico. I risultati hanno evidenziato come ci sia una stretta correlazione tra nutrienti, TR e rilascio ormonale e come questi siano coinvolti non solo nella percezione del gusto propriamente detto ma probabilmente anche in patologie croniche come l’obesità.
312

Caratterizzazione morfologica e neurochimica dei neuroni sensitivi e motori del trigono vescicale e del muscolo uretrale di maiale / Morphological and neurochemical characterization of sensory neurons and motorneurons innervating the urinary bladder tringone and urethral muscle in porcine

Sorteni, Caterina <1974> 11 June 2014 (has links)
Il trigono della vescica urinaria (UBT) è un'area limitata attraverso la quale penetrano nella vescica la maggior parte dei vasi e fibre e in cui le fibre nervose e neuroni intramurali sono più concentrati. Mediante l’utilizzo combinato di un tracciante retrogrado(FB) e dell’immunoistochimica sono stati valutati il fenotipo e l’area del soma dei neuroni dei gangli spinali (DRG), dei neuroni post-gangliari, il fenotipo dei gangli della catena simpatica (STG) e i gangli mesenterici caudali (CMG) innervanti l’UBT. - Caratterizzazione dei neuroni dei DRG con: peptide correlato al gene della calcitonina (CGRP)(30±3%, 29±3%, rispettivamente), sostanza P(SP)(26±8%, 27±12%), ossido nitrico sintasi neuronale (nNOS)(21±4%; 26±7%), neurofilamento 200kDa (NF200)(75±14%, 81±7% ) , transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1)(48±13%, 43±6%) e isolectina-B4-positivi (IB4) (56±6%;43±10%). I neuroni sensoriali, distribuiti da L2 a Ca1 (DRG), hanno presentato una localizzazione segmentale, mostrando maggior densità nei DRG L4-L5 e S2-S4. I neuroni sensoriali lombari sono risultati significativamente più grandi di quelle sacrali (1.112±624μm2 vs716±421μm2). Complessivamente, questi dati indicano che le vie lombari e sacrali probabilmente svolgono ruoli diversi nella trasmissione sensitiva del trigono della vescica urinaria. -I neuroni FB+ della STG e dei CMG sono risultati immunoreattivi per la tirosina idrossilasi (TH)(66±10,1%, 53±8,2%, rispettivamente), la dopamina beta-idrossilasi (DβH)(62±6,2%, 52±6,2%), neuropeptideY (NPY)(59±8%; 66±7%), CGRP(24±3%, 22±3%), SP(22±2%; 38±8%), polipeptide intestinale vasoattivo (VIP)(19±2%; 35±4%), nNOS(15±2%; 33±8%), trasportatore vescicolare dell'acetilcolina (VAChT)(15±2%; 35±5%), leu-encefalina (LENK)(14±7%; 26±9%), e somatostatina (SOM)(12±3%;32±7%).Il numero medio di neuroni FB+ (1845,1±259,3) era nella STG in L1-S3, con i pirenofori più piccoli (465,6±82.7μm2). Un gran numero (4287,5±1450,6) di neuroni FB+ di piccole dimensioni (476,1±103,9μm2) sono stati localizzati lungo il margine dei CMG. Il maggior numero (4793,3±1990,8) di neuroni FB + è stato osservato nel plesso pelvico, dove i neuroni marcati erano raggruppati in micro-gangli e con pirenoforo ancora più piccolo (374,9±85,4 μm2). / The urinary bladder trigone (UBT) is a limited area through which the majority of vessels and nerve fibers penetrate into the urinary bladder and where nerve fibers and intramural neurons are more concentrated. The phenotype and soma cross-sectional area of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the extramural post-ganglionic autonomic neurons, the phenotype of sympathetic trunk ganglia (STG) neurons and caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMG) neurons innervating the porcine UBT were evaluated by coupling retrograde tracer technique and immunohistochemistry. -Porcine lumbosacral DRG neurons were characterized neurochemically: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)(30±3%; 29±3%, respectively), substance P (SP)(26±8%; 27±12%), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)(21±4% and; 26±7%), neurofilament200kDa (NF200)(75±14%; 81±7%), and transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1)(48±13%; 43±6%), and labeled for isolectin-B4 (IB4)(56±6%; 43±10%). UBT sensory neurons, which were distributed from L2 to Ca1 DRG, had a segmental localization, showing their highest density in L4–L5 and S2–S4 DRG. The lumbar UBT sensory neurons were significantly larger than sacral ones (1,112±624µm2 vs. 716±421µm2). Taken together, these data indicate that the lumbar and sacral pathways probably play different roles in sensory transmission from the UBT. -STG and CMG FB+ neurons were IR for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(66±10.1%; 52.7±8.2%, respectively), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH)(62±6.2%; 52±6.2%), neuropeptide Y (NPY)(59±8%; 66±7%), CGRP (24±3%; 22±3%), SP (22±2%; 38±8%), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)(19±2%; 35±4%), nNOS (15±2%; 33±8%), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)(15±2%; 35±5%), leuenkephalin (LENK)(14±7%; 26±9%), and somatostatin (SOM)(12±3%; 32±7%). A mean number of 1845.1±259.3 FB+ neurons were localized in the L1-S3 STG, which appeared as small pericarya (465.6±82.7µm2). A large number (4287.5±1450.6) of small (476.1±103.9µm2) FB+ neurons were localized mainly along a border of both CMG. The largest number (4793.3±1990.8) of FB+ neurons was observed in the pelvic plexus (PP), where labeled neurons were often clustered within different microganglia and had smaller soma cross-sectional area (374.9±85.4 µm2).
313

Approccio multimetodologico in patologia delle specie ittiche

Sirri, Rubina <1983> 19 April 2011 (has links)
No description available.
314

Ruolo del Porcine Circovirus tipo 2 (PCV2) nella patologia riproduttiva del suino / Role of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Reproductive Pathology of the Pig

Ferrara, Domenico <1977> 24 May 2012 (has links)
La tesi è organizzata in 4 capitoli: -nel primo vengono brevemente riferite le patologie associate all’infezione da PCV2 con particolare riferimento all’iter diagnostico ed al ruolo rivestito dall’esame istologico e dalla identificazione dell’agente eziologico in situ contestualmente alle lesioni istologiche; -nel secondo viene presentato un iter diagnostico originale da applicare in condizioni di campo, qualora si voglia accertare la presenza del PCV2 nei tessuti dei prodotti di natimortalità/aborto del suino. In specifico si riferisce all’applicazione del protocollo in 2 aziende ed i risultati vengono analizzati per una revisione critica del protocollo impiegato; -nel terzo vengono presentati i risultati di un protocollo di infezione con PCV2 per via genitale tramite seme infetto. Scrofe convenzionali sono state sincronizzate per l’estro e fecondate con un’unica dose di seme PCV2 negativo alla PCR (gruppo controlli) o sperimentalmente esposto al PCV2 (gruppo infette). I risultati vengono analizzati in funzione delle ripercussioni che l’infezione precoce in gravidanza può produrre sulla scrofa (mancata gravidanza, ritorno in calore), sui feti e sugli invogli fetali. Viene stabilito il ruolo protettivo degli anticorpi circolanti al momento dell’infezione, stante l’evenienza che un basso titolo anticorpale si associa a viremia prolungata e maggiore numero di feti positivi al virus; -nel quarto viene presentato un esperimento sovrapponibile a quello riferito nel capitolo 3, però con la presenza anche di un gruppo di soggetti convenzionali vaccinati ed infettati con PCV2 durante la fecondazione artificiale usando seme sperimentalmente esposto al virus. Nella discussione dei risultati vengono enfatizzati 2 aspetti importanti nell’epidemiologia dell’infezione da PCV2: la eliminazione di virus è fortemente ridotta dalla vaccinazione, con conseguenze verosimilmente positive sulla circolazione del virus negli effettivi dell’allevamento; l’esposizione uterina è protetta dalla vaccinazione, stante la bassa percentuale di placente infette nel gruppo dei soggetti vaccinati rispetto a quelli non vaccinati e nei controlli. / The thesis is organized into 4 chapters: -in the first chapter, it is briefly overviewed the association of PCV2 with several diseases with particular emphasis to the diagnostic protocols and to the in situ identification of the virus in histological lesions; -in the second chapter, it is presented an original diagnostic protocol to be applied in field conditions, to check for the presence of PCV2 in piglet tissues obtained from stillbirth/abortion. It refers to the application of the protocol in 2 herds and the results are analyzed for a critical review of the used protocol; -in the third chapter, it is presented an experimental trial aimed to infect gilts during artificial insemination by PCV2 infected semen. Conventional gilts were synchronized for oestrus and inseminated with a single dose of semen PCV2 PCR-negative (control group) or experimentally exposed to PCV2 (infected group). The results are analyzed to evaluate the impact that infection in early pregnancy may have on the sow (no pregnancy, return to oestrus), foetuses and foetal membranes. It emphasizes the protective role of circulating antibodies at the time of infection, given the possibility that a low antibody titre is associated with prolonged viremia and increased number of PCV2 positive foetuses; -in the fourth chapter, it is presented a protocol similar to that of Chapter 3, but with the presence of a third group of animals: gilts vaccinated and infected with PCV2 using semen experimentally exposed to the virus. In the discussion 2 important aspects are emphasized: the shedding of the virus is greatly reduced by vaccination, with positive effects on the reduction of the circulation of the virus in the herds; uterine exposure is protected by vaccination, given the low percentage of infected placentas in the vaccinated group compared with not vaccinated and control groups.
315

Phenotypic characterization of the epithelial and myoepithelial components in canine and feline mammary tumours

Beha, Germana <1983> 08 May 2014 (has links)
In veterinary medicine, the ability to classify mammary tumours based on the molecular profile and also determine whether the immunophenotype of the regional lymph node and/or systemic metastases is equal to that of the primary tumor may be predictive on the estimation of the effectiveness of various cancer treatments that can be scheduled. Therefore, aims, developed as projects, of the past three years have been (1) to define the molecular phenotype of feline mammary carcinomas and their lymph node metastases according to a previous modified algorithm and to demonstrate the concordance or discordance of the molecular profile between the primary tumour and lymph node metastasis, (2) to analyze, in female dogs, the relationship between the primary mammary tumor and its lymph node metastasis based on immunohistochemical molecular characterization in order to develop the most specific prognostic-predictive models and targeted therapeutic options, and (3) to evaluate the molecular trend of cancer from its primary location to systemic metastases in three cats and two dogs with mammary tumors. The studies on mammary tumours, particularly in dogs, have drawn gradually increasing attention not exclusively to the epithelial component, but also to the myoepithelial cells. The lack of complete information on a valid panel of markers for the identification of these cells in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland and lack of investigation of immunohistochemical changes from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, was the aim of a parallel research. While investigating mammary tumours, it was noticed that only few studies had focused on the expression of CD117. Therefore, it was decided to further deepen the knowledge in order to characterize the immunohistochemical staining of CD117 in normal and neoplastic mammary tissue of the dog, and to correlate CD117 immunohistochemical results with mammary histotype, histological stage (invasiveness), Ki67 index and patient survival time.
316

Cellular Proliferation in the Prognosis of Intermediate Grade Mast Cell Tumour in Dogs

Berlato, Davide <1973> 08 May 2014 (has links)
This was a retrospective study including ninety samples of dogs with a histological diagnosis of intermediate grade cutaneous mast cell tumour (MCT). The objectives of the study were to validate Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 (MCM7) as a prognostic marker in MCTs and to compare the ability of mitotic index (MI), Ki67 and MCM7 to predict outcome. The median survival for the entire population was not reached at 2099 days. The mean survival time was 1708 days. Seventy-two cases were censored after a median follow up of 1136 days and eighteen dogs died for causes related to the MCT after a median of 116 days. For each sample MI, Ki67 and MCM7 were determined. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained for each prognostic marker to evaluate the performance of the test, expressed as area under the curve, and whether the published threshold value was adequate. Kaplan-Meier and corresponding logrank test for MI, Ki67 and MCM7 as binary variables was highly significant (P<0.0001). Multivariable regression analysis of MI, Ki67 and MCM7 corrected for age and surgical margins indicated that the higher risk of dying of MCT was associated with MCM7 > 0.18 (Hazard Ration [HR] 14.7; P<0.001) followed by MI > 5 (HR 13.9; P<0.001) and Ki67 > 0.018 (HR 8.9; P<0.001). Concluding, the present study confirmed that MCM7 is an excellent prognostic marker in cutaneous MCTs being able to divide Patnaik intermediate grade tumours in two categories with different prognosis. Ki67 was equally good confirming its value as a prognostic marker in intermediate grade MCTs. The mitotic index was extremely specific, but lacked of sensitivity. Interestingly, mitotic index, Ki67 and MCM7 were independent from each other suggesting that their combination would improve their individual prognostic value.
317

Anatomia da coluna vertebral torácica em auxílio de ressonância nuclear magnética

Imbelloni, Luiz Eduardo [UNESP] 19 January 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:25:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 imbelloni_le_dr_botfm.pdf: 1083712 bytes, checksum: 1d2f66de73e838257e456cd7956ff1bd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Anestesiologistas freqüentemente realizam peridural torácica para os diversos tipos de cirurgia. A ressonância magnética de imagem tem estudado os nervos dentro do saco dural da cauda eqüina. Poucos estudos têm correlacionado a medula espinal com a dura-máter na região torácica. Punção acidental da dura-máter pode ocorrer durante tentativa de punção torácica e raramente cursa com lesão neurológica definitiva. O objetivo desta investigação, com ressonância magnética de imagem (RMI), é avaliar a distância entre a dura-máter e a medula espinal, em pacientes sem doenças da medula ou coluna vertebral nos 2º, 5º e 10º segmentos torácicos. Cinqüenta pacientes foram estudados com RMI realizada na posição supina. Corte sagital nos 2º, 5º e 10º segmentos torácicos foram medidos com aparelho 1.5 T com sistema super condutor (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). Em 10 pacientes foi medido o ângulo relativo à tangente no ponto de inserção na pele. A distância posterior da dura-máter até a medula espinal foi significativamente maior (Bonferroni’s valor-p<0,015) na região torácica média (5ª torácica = 5,808 ± 0,840 mm) do que na região torácica alta (2ª torácica = 3,909 ± 0,802 mm) e região torácica baixa (10a torácica = 4,129 ± 0,967 mm). Não foi encontrada diferença entre os interespaços T2 e T10 (Bonferroni’s p-values=0,225). Não foi observada correlação entre a idade a distância medida entre a dura-máter e a medula espinal (todos os valores de p ≥ 0,166). O ângulo da entrada da agulha em T2 foi observado valor de 9,00±2,49 graus, em T5 de 45,00±7,45 graus e em T10 de 9,50±4,17 graus. A correção do espaço pelo ângulo de entrada da agulha aumentou a distância entre a dura-máter e a medula nos três interespaços vertebrais. Este estudo demonstrou que existe um grande espaço na região posterior... / Anesthesiologists frequently give thoracic epidural blocks for a variety of surgeries. MRI has provided studies of the nerves (cauda equina) inside the dural sac. But there are only a few correlating the spinal cord with the duramater in the thoracic region. With the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), this study investigated the distance of the duramater to the spinal cord in patients without spinal or medullar disease at the 2nd, 5th and 10th thoracic segments. Fifty patients in the supine position were underwent MRI. Medial sagittal slices of the 2nd, 5th and 10th thoracic segments were measured for the relative distances through the 1.5 T super-conducting system (Gyroscan Intera, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). In ten patients the angles relative to the tangent at the insertion point on the skin was measured. The posterior dural-spinal cord distance is significantly greater the midthoracic region (5th thoracic = 5.808 ± 0.840 mm) than at upper (2nd thoracic = 3.909 ± 0.802 mm) and lower thoracic levels (10th thoracic = 4.129 ± 0.967 mm) (p<0.015). There were no differences between interspaces T2 and T10. There was no correlation between the age and the measured distance between the duramater and the spinal cord.
318

Alterações anatômicas e translocação de boro no algodoeiro

Oliveira, Rosa Honorato de [UNESP] 05 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_rh_dr_botfca.pdf: 3406088 bytes, checksum: 985dddfec08cc7c856f41ee68d3de189 (MD5) / O boro é um nutriente importante para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Está envolvido na elongação e divisão celular, na biossíntese de células, metabolismo do nitrogênio, na síntese de ácidos nucléicos, dentre outras. É considerado um nutriente imóvel ou de pouca mobilidade no floema e em virtude disso, a eficiência da aplicação foliar é discutível. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos com solução nutritiva (Hoagland & Arnon, 1950) em casa de vegetação, para verificar as alterações anatômicas causadas pela deficiência de B em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos do algodoeiro, procurando associá-las com a translocação do nutriente e estudar o efeito de aplicação foliar do nutriente. Na primeira fase do primeiro experimento, utilizou-se as doses 0-5-10-20 μmol L-1 de B combinadas com aplicações em folhas novas e velhas; a segunda fase constou de dose única de B na solução (20 μmol L-1). No segundo experimento utilizou-se 0-1,5-3-4,5-6 μmol L-1 de B na solução combinadas com aplicação foliar nas doses 3,0 e 4,5 μmol L-1. No terceiro experimento foram utilizados dois tratamentos, um deficiente (1,5 μmol L-1 de B) e outra suficiente (4,5 μmol L-1 de B). A deficiência de B causou desorganização dos tecidos vasculares dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos do algodoeiro. Os feixes vasculares não se diferenciaram adequadamente com a deficiência de B, impedindo a troca de substâncias entre as estruturas reprodutivas e o resto da planta, resultando em queda destas estruturas. A aplicação de B às folhas tem efeito apenas local, ou seja, o nutriente não é translocado para outras partes da planta, mas pode, quando em plantas deficientes, melhorar o crescimento do órgão que recebeu o nutriente. A altura de planta constituiu-se em um indicador mais sensível à resposta do algodoeiro ao B do que a produção de matéria seca. / Boron is an important nutrient for plant growth and development. It is involved in cell elongation and division, cell biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and nucleic acids. Boron is generally considered to have no or little mobility within the plant, so the efficiency of foliar application is questionable. Three experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to evaluate the anatomical alterations caused by boron deficiency in vegetative and reproductive organs of cotton plants, associating them with the absorption and translocation of the nutrient when absorbed through the root or foliar applied. In the first experiment the treatments were: B in nutrient solution (0-5-10-20 μmol L-1) and B applied to young or older leaves (45-60 days after the initiation of the B-treatments) and 20 μmol L-1 B in the nutrient solution (60-75 days after the initiation of the B-treatments). In the second experiment the treatments were: 0-1,5-3-,5-6 μmol L-1 B) in solution associated with foliar application of 1,5 μmol L-1 B to the treatments with 4,5 and 1.5 μmol L-1 B (15- 30 day after the initiation of the B-treatments). In the third experiment two treatments were applied: B deficient (1,5 μmol L-1) and B sufficient (4,5μmol L-1). Boron deficiency caused disorganization in vegetative and reproductive plant tissues. There was no clear differentiation of the vascular bundles in the absence of B. Boron is not redistributed in cotton plants, but when applied to deficient plants there was an improvement in the growth of the organ receiving the fertilizer. Plant height is a better indicator of cotton response to B than the dry matter yield.
319

Morfoanatomia e histoquímica de órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Brosimum gaudichaudii Trecul (Moraceae)

Jacomassi, Ezilda [UNESP] 21 July 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jacomassi_e_dr_botib.pdf: 4897280 bytes, checksum: 18aee5bf6ed98bf3ba5cca0a05b06d6a (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O cerrado brasileiro, em termos de dimensão, representa o segundo maior bioma nacional com uma riquíssima flora medicinal. No entanto, a maioria das espécies ainda carece de estudos, considerando-se o número de espécies existentes. Entre as espécies medicinais mais utilizadas e industrialmente exploradas, destaca-se Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul (Moraceae), conhecida popularmente como mamacadela. Amplamente distribuída no país, B. gaudichaudii é uma árvore de pequeno porte com produção abundante de látex, cuja casca do caule e raiz é empregadas no tratamento do vitiligo. Estas partes da planta apresentam duas furanocumarinas, o bergapteno e psoraleno, responsáveis pela ação farmacológica da espécie. Apesar de tratar-se de uma espécie tão comum nos cerrados brasileiros, com grande valor na medicina tradicional e na indústria de medicamentos, poucos trabalhos relacionados aos estudos botânicos são encontrados em literatura. Desta forma, considerando a importância, somada a escassez de trabalhos literários, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a morfologia, a anatomia e a histoquímica dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de B. gaudichauddi. O material botânico foi coletado na Estação Ecológica do Cerrado de Campo Mourão, região noroeste do Paraná, e posteriormente processado segundo as técnicas usuais para anatomia, histoquímica e ultraestrutrura vegetal. B. gaudichaudii apresenta embrião do tipo total e invaginado e plântula criptohipogéia; o sistema radicular do tirodendro é composto por raiz primária nem sempre desenvolvida quando então outras raízes, originadas provavelmente do hipocótilo, apresentam maior porte. As raízes gemíferas são longas, plagiotrópicas, originando ramos aéreos, situando-se aproximadamente entre 10 a 30 cm de profundidade, onde as de maior diâmetro... / The brazilian savannah represents the second biggest national biome with a huge diversity of medicinal flora. However, considering the number of existing species, the major part of them still need to be more studied. Among the most used species with medicinal and industrial interest is B. gaudichaudii Trécul (Moraceae), also known as mamacadela. Extensive distributed in the country, B. gaudichaudii is a small size tree with abundant latex production, which the stem and root bark are used on vitiligo treatment. These plant organs contain two furanocumarins, the bergapen and psoralen which are responsible by the pharmacological activity of the specie. In spite of to be an ordinary species on brazilian savannah with a great value on popular medicine and pharmaceutical industry, there are few works on literature relative to its botanical studies. In this way, considering the importance of this species in addition to scarce literature data, we present this study to characterize the morphology, the anatomy and the histochemistry of vegetative and reproductive organs of B. gaudichauddi. The botanical material were collected at Estação Ecológica do Cerrado de Campo Mourão, northwest of Paraná State, and lately processed by usual techniques for vegetal anatomy, histochemistry and ultra structure analisis. B. gaudichaudii presents the embryo of both total type and invaginate and the seedling is crypto-hypogeal; the tirodendro s radicular system is composed by a primary root not always developed compared to the other roots that are probably originated of hypocotyl which present big size. The shoot bud-forming roots are long, plagiotropics origining with air branch situate between 10 to 30 cm depth, which the ones that have major diameter constitute the mainly or sometimes the only radicular system for maintenance and growth of the steam branch. These roots present periderm with phellem formed by several layers which easily detach on handle.
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Alterações anatômicas e translocação de boro no algodoeiro /

Oliveira, Rosa Honorato de, 1968- January 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Resumo: O boro é um nutriente importante para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Está envolvido na elongação e divisão celular, na biossíntese de células, metabolismo do nitrogênio, na síntese de ácidos nucléicos, dentre outras. É considerado um nutriente imóvel ou de pouca mobilidade no floema e em virtude disso, a eficiência da aplicação foliar é discutível. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos com solução nutritiva (Hoagland & Arnon, 1950) em casa de vegetação, para verificar as alterações anatômicas causadas pela deficiência de B em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos do algodoeiro, procurando associá-las com a translocação do nutriente e estudar o efeito de aplicação foliar do nutriente. Na primeira fase do primeiro experimento, utilizou-se as doses 0-5-10-20 μmol L-1 de B combinadas com aplicações em folhas novas e velhas; a segunda fase constou de dose única de B na solução (20 μmol L-1). No segundo experimento utilizou-se 0-1,5-3-4,5-6 μmol L-1 de B na solução combinadas com aplicação foliar nas doses 3,0 e 4,5 μmol L-1. No terceiro experimento foram utilizados dois tratamentos, um deficiente (1,5 μmol L-1 de B) e outra suficiente (4,5 μmol L-1 de B). A deficiência de B causou desorganização dos tecidos vasculares dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos do algodoeiro. Os feixes vasculares não se diferenciaram adequadamente com a deficiência de B, impedindo a troca de substâncias entre as estruturas reprodutivas e o resto da planta, resultando em queda destas estruturas. A aplicação de B às folhas tem efeito apenas local, ou seja, o nutriente não é translocado para outras partes da planta, mas pode, quando em plantas deficientes, melhorar o crescimento do órgão que recebeu o nutriente. A altura de planta constituiu-se em um indicador mais sensível à resposta do algodoeiro ao B do que a produção de matéria seca. / Abstract: Boron is an important nutrient for plant growth and development. It is involved in cell elongation and division, cell biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and nucleic acids. Boron is generally considered to have no or little mobility within the plant, so the efficiency of foliar application is questionable. Three experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to evaluate the anatomical alterations caused by boron deficiency in vegetative and reproductive organs of cotton plants, associating them with the absorption and translocation of the nutrient when absorbed through the root or foliar applied. In the first experiment the treatments were: B in nutrient solution (0-5-10-20 μmol L-1) and B applied to young or older leaves (45-60 days after the initiation of the B-treatments) and 20 μmol L-1 B in the nutrient solution (60-75 days after the initiation of the B-treatments). In the second experiment the treatments were: 0-1,5-3-,5-6 μmol L-1 B) in solution associated with foliar application of 1,5 μmol L-1 B to the treatments with 4,5 and 1.5 μmol L-1 B (15- 30 day after the initiation of the B-treatments). In the third experiment two treatments were applied: B deficient (1,5 μmol L-1) and B sufficient (4,5μmol L-1). Boron deficiency caused disorganization in vegetative and reproductive plant tissues. There was no clear differentiation of the vascular bundles in the absence of B. Boron is not redistributed in cotton plants, but when applied to deficient plants there was an improvement in the growth of the organ receiving the fertilizer. Plant height is a better indicator of cotton response to B than the dry matter yield. / Doutor

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