Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

AbstractBackground: ACL injuries is common and can result in long term disability or even have a career ending outcome for the athlete. Women are more exposed to ACL injuries than men are and several factors increase the risk of ACL injuries for women where one is the knee angle velocity. It seems that prevention programs involving plyometric- and strength training has been most effective on altering these risk factors for knee injuries. But many programs involve several exercises which makes it very time consuming. Since the gluteus muscles is our main hip abductor and hip stabilizer it is of great importance for controlling the knee. The ProPrioPlate (PPP) is a device that has been validated and shown to activate the gluteus medius 40% more in a squat compared to a regular bodyweight squat.Purpose: To investigate if a 6 week long training period, 3 sessions/ week, 5minutes/session with the PPP could decrease the mean abduction angular velocity (°/sec) of the knee joint in a Drop jump (DJ) in women with poor knee stabilityMethod: An experimental study design was used. Twelve female athletes with poor knee stability and signs of knee valgus in a drop jump conducted a 6 weeks training program to investigate any changes in abduction angular velocity in a DJ. 3D motion analyzes were performed before and after the training period. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to investigate if there were any changes in results between the different test occasions.Results: Median abduction angular velocity of the test performed before the intervention was -34. 34 (min -70. 65 max -11. 53) deg/sec and after the intervention median -34. 22 deg/sec (min -51. 97 max -3. 28). The P value was 0.24 which indicate that there were no statistical significant differences between the three testing occasions. Compliance to the intervention was low, 15%.Conclusion: A 6 weeks training period with the PPP did not decrease the abduction angular velocity. Due to low compliance rate amongst of subjects no conclusion regarding the effect of the device can be made. / Abstrakt:Bakgrund: Svenska ligament registret rapporterar ungefär 5000 främre korsbandsskador (ACL) årligen i Sverige. ACL skador kan resultera i långvarig frånvaro från sporten eller till och med att idrottaren inte längre kan fortsätta sin karriär. Kvinnor är mer utsatta för ACL skador än män och det är flera faktorer som ökar risken för ACL skador hos kvinnor. Forskningen pekar mot att träningsprogram som syftar till att minska risken för knäskador innefattar styrketräning och plyometrisk träning. Många träningsprogram för att minska risken för knäskador innefattar många övningar vilket gör det tidskrävande. ProPrioPlate (PPP) är ett träningsredskap som är validerat och har visats aktivera gluteus medius 40% mer i en knäböj på PPP jämfört med vanliga knäböj.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka knätabduktionshastighet i ett dropp vertikalhopp innan och efter ett 6 veckors träningsprogram med PPP för kvinnor med bristande knästabilitet.Metod: En exprementell studiedesign har använts. Tjugo frivilliga kvinnliga idrottar med bristande knästabilitet och teckan på valgus vid dropjump genomförde ett 6 veckors träningsprogram för att undersöka om knäabduktionshastighet i ett dropp vertikalhopp förändrades efter träningsperioden. 3D analyser på testpersonerna genomfördes innan och efter träningsperioden. Wilcoxons signed ranked test användes för att undersöka skillnader mellan de olika test tillfällena.Resultat: Medianen av abduktionshastigheten före interventionen var -47,88 grader/sek (min -74,76 max -30.16), -34.34 (min -70.65 max -11.53) och efter interventionen -34.22 (min -51.97 max -3.28) grader/sek. P värdet var 0.24 vilket indikerar att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad mellan före- och eftertesterna. Följsamheten till träningen hos deltagarna var låg (15%).Slutsats: En 6 veckors träningsperiod med PPP minskade inte abduktionshastigheten i ett DJ. Låg åtföljnad av våra testpersoner till träningsperioden innebar att inga slutsatser gällande PPP kan utgöras.

This thesis brings together eighteenth-century attitudes to the abduction of women portrayed by the law, by newspapers, and in fiction. I focus attention on the interest these different forms of narrative share in scrutinizing women’s behaviour and argue that the abduction plot is more important than its status as a stock literary convention would imply. Rather, it is a pliant, complex, and nuanced motif that allows writers the space to explore the difficult and contradictory position of women and attitudes to sexual relations. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part comprises two chapters that look at abduction from an historical perspective. The first chapter examines the legal context of abduction as a criminal act and the second chapter examines the social context of ‘abduction’ as a euphemism for a sexual adventure. This part includes preliminary analysis of abduction plots in Charlotte Smith’s Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle (1788) and Ann Radcliffe’s The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne: A Highland Story (1789). The second part comprises three chapters in which I read a range of novels for their abduction plots and scenes. Chapter three focusses on reviewing and on lesser known novels that are not widely read today. It examines the uneasy dialogue between novels and the way they were conveyed to readers. I argue that reviewing presents a discourse of aggression towards women. Chapter four considers abduction plots in domestic fiction focussing on a short story from Eliza Haywood’s The Female Spectator (1744-46), Samuel Richardson’s The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753-54), and Sarah Fielding’s The History of Ophelia (1760). Chapter five considers the gothic abduction plot in Frances Burney’s Camilla, or a Picture of Youth (1796), Charlotte Smith’s The Young Philosopher (1798) and Ann Radcliffe’s The Romance of the Forest (1791). I take an historicist approach and underpin my analysis of fictional abduction plots with newspaper research that suggests ‘abduction’ had a meaning in social and cultural discourse that associated it with gossip and innuendo. This research demonstrates that newspapers played an important role in establishing the ambiguity of ‘abduction’ in the public consciousness. I argue that this journalistic discourse contributed to the suppression of abduction as a violent crime that endangered women. I suggest that the introduction of comprehensive reviewing created the space for a discourse of aggression to flourish. Many reviews are short, pithy comments criticising a novel as derivative, badly written, and immoral. I argue that a series of reviews appearing on a single page gives the impression that violence towards women is a normal everyday occurrence and abduction is a familiar hazard on the road to domestic felicity. I conclude that ‘abduction’ is a porous term in which disparate ideas – sexual aggression, violent crime, and euphemistic social commentary – are held in tension with each other. This tension enables a complex interpretation of what at first appears to be a simple narrative of violent male aggression and female culpability. The ambiguity this tension creates reveals the abduction plot as a versatile motif that challenges the social hierarchy and posits an alternative narrative for women.

International Child Abductions Abstract in English This dissertation thesis deals with the issue of International Child Abductions, which is a constantly growing phenomenon. The focus of the legal regulation of international abductions lies within the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (hereinafter referred to as the 1980 Convention), which was adopted on 25 October 1980. There are already 98 signatory States of the Convention. This fact makes the Convention, at least in terms of the number of signatory states, one of the most successful international treaties at all. In spite of the nearly forty years of this Convention, there are still uncertainties in interpretation of certain terms during its application. The introductory part of this work deals mainly with questions of interpretation of basic concepts such as habitual residence or the right to care for a child, as well as the interpretation of individual exemptions from the obligation to return the child to the state of his habitual residence without delay. This section analyzes in particular the case law of the United Kingdom and United States courts, which account for nearly 50 % of all international abductions. Recently, there has been discussion among academics and other professional on the decision- making...

Les enlèvements ont été massivement mobilisés durant les quinze années du conflit civil libanais (1975-1990). Violence de guerre encore peu étudiée, les captures, leurs rythmes et leurs usages révèlent pourtant certains mécanismes centraux du conflit. Cette thèse étudie dans un premier temps la place des enlèvements dans le système de guerre libanais, ses temps, ses géographies et son organisation. En suivant le déroulement des violences au plus près du terrain, on découvre la multitude des usages des captures et la complexité de leurs fonctions. Une second temps de la recherche s'intéresse aux trajectoires de captivité dans une perspective plus anthropologique. En suivant les temps des enlèvements de la capture à la détention et jusqu'à la sortie de captivité, on pénètre au cœur du quotidien guerrier et des expériences vécues par les civils et les combattants. / The kidnappings were massively mobilized during the fifteen years of the Lebanese civil conflict (1975-1990). Wartime violence, still poorly studied, catches, their rhythms and their uses reveal some central mechanisms of conflict. This thesis first studies the place of abductions in the Lebanese war system, its times, its geographies and its organization. By following the course of the violence as close as possible to the field, we discover the multitude of uses of the catches and the complexity of their functions. A second phase of research focuses on captive trajectories in a more anthropological perspective. By following the time of the kidnappings of the capture to the detention and until the exit of captivity, one penetrates the heart of the daily warrior and the experiences lived by the civilians and the combatants.

No description available.

No abstract provided. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2011.

Nous considérons dans cette thèse la complexité algorithmique de problèmes émanant de deux formalismes de raisonnement non-monotone: l'abduction et l'argumentation. Le premier est destiné à formaliser le processus de trouver des explications pour une manifestation observée, le second (et plus récent) offre un cadre théorique pour formaliser le processus de l'argumentation. Nous nous concentrons sur le problème d'existence d'une explication pour l'abduction et sur le problème d'existence d'un argument pour l'argumentation. Dans le cadre de la logique propositionnelle dans son ensemble ces problèmes sont considérés comme étant des tâches algorithmiques difficiles (ils sont souvent situés au deuxième niveau de l'hiérarchie polynomial). Notre but est d'une part de comprendre les sources de difficulté, et d'autre part d'identifier des fragments de la logique propositionnelle dans lequels ces problèmes sont résolubles efficacement. Pour cela nous considérons ces problèmes d'abduction et d'argumentation dans deux cadres bien-établis qui permettent des classifications de complexité : Le cadre de Post et celui de Schaefer. Dans le cadre de Post, des restrictions sont faites sur les connecteurs autorisés dans les formules utilisées. Dans le cadre de Schaefer, on considère les formules en forme normale conjonctive généralisée, les "clauses" sont alors des applications de relations booléennes à des variables et on restreint le type des relations autorisées. / In this thesis we consider the computational complexity of problems from two central formalisms of nonmonotonic reasoning: abduction and argumentation. The first one is designed to formalize the process of finding explanations for some observed manifestation, the second (and more recent) one gives a theoretical framework to formalize the process of argumentation. We focus on the explanation-existence problem for abduction and on the argument-existence problem for argumentation. Considered in full propositional logic these problems are believed to be computationally costly tasks (they are often situated at the second level of the polynomial hierarchy). With the purpose of understanding sources of hardness and of identifying tractable fragments of propositional logic we consider several abduction and argumentation problems in two well-established settings allowing for complexity classifications. In the first one, Post's Framework, restrictions are made on the allowed connectives in the used formulae, whereas in the second one, Schaefer's Framework, one considers formulae in conjunctive normal form, where the clauses are generalized to applications of arbitrary Boolean relations to variables and one restricts the allowed type of relations. We discuss differences and common features between the explanation-existence and the argument-existence problem in function of the two chosen frameworks. Finally, we consider enumeration. In particular we consider the problem of enumerating all solutions (models) of a propositional formula by non-decreasing weight in Schaefer's framework (the weight of a model being the number of variables assigned to true).

Cette thèse pourrait intéresser toute personne souhaitant penser sa vie dans sa transversalité. Elle pourrait aussi intéresser tout praticien voulant penser différemment ses pratiques pédagogiques, formatives au-delà de la seule logique hypothético-déductive. Cette thèse propose de développer une approche transductive mettant en tension deux logiques initiant ainsi un espace formatif intermédiaire : l’entre-deux. / This thesis could interest anyone wishing to think his life in its transversality. It could also interest practitioner wanting to think differently its educational, formative practices beyond the hypothetico-deductive logic. This thesis proposes to develop a transductive approach involving tension two logics heralding an intermediary formative space : in-between.