"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies.

"May 2002" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) / xv, 251 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2003

The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to optimize health without the support of science evidence. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet in accordance with an individual’s ABO genotype is associated with various biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Study subjects (n=1,455) were participants of the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study. Dietary intake was assessed using a one-month, 196-item food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was calculated to determine relative adherence to each of the four blood type diets. ABO blood group was determined by genotyping rs8176719 and rs8176746 in the ABO gene. The results show that adherence to the Type-A, Type-AB, and Type-O diets were associated with favourable profile of certain cardiometabolic risk factors (P<0.05); however, these dietary effects were not dependent on someone’s ABO blood group. Therefore, the findings do not support the “Blood-Type” diet hypothesis

The ‘Blood-Type’ diet advises individuals to eat according to their ABO blood group to optimize health without the support of science evidence. The objective of this study was to determine whether consumption of a diet in accordance with an individual’s ABO genotype is associated with various biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Study subjects (n=1,455) were participants of the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study. Dietary intake was assessed using a one-month, 196-item food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was calculated to determine relative adherence to each of the four blood type diets. ABO blood group was determined by genotyping rs8176719 and rs8176746 in the ABO gene. The results show that adherence to the Type-A, Type-AB, and Type-O diets were associated with favourable profile of certain cardiometabolic risk factors (P<0.05); however, these dietary effects were not dependent on someone’s ABO blood group. Therefore, the findings do not support the “Blood-Type” diet hypothesis

Antibody-mediated rejection is central to ABO incompatible transplantation as well as to xenotransplantation. The xenoantigen alpha-Gal has a highly analogous carbohydrate structure to the human blood group antigens, and both require memory B cell activation for antibody production. We hypothesize that B cells, reactive to the alpha-Gal xenoantigen and B blood group antigen, require the presence of fully activated T cells in order to survive and proliferate in vitro, contrary to the traditional theory that humoral response to carbohydrate antigens is a T cell-independent process. When we compared the capacity of B cells to proliferate, we observed that activated T cells were necessary for B cell proliferation even in the presence of carbohydrate-derived antigens. A relevant question was also to investigate the role of a specific class of T cells: the CD1d-restricted iNKT cells, in the activation of alpha-Gal and B blood group-reactive B cells. The iNKT cells have the specificity of being reactive to glycolipids and are capable of producing both T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine responses. We therefore wanted to determine the role of the iNKT cells as mediators of a T helper 2-type response when B cells were exposed to a glycolipid antigen expressing the alpha-Gal epitope or the human B blood group antigen. We observed that, if the interaction between B cells and iNKT cells is blocked, neither B cell proliferation nor antibody production occurs. These results suggest therefore the importance of the iNKT cell category of T helper cells in the response to alpha-Gal and ABO-blood group glycolipids.

Errata inserted on back end paper. / Bibliography: leaves 226-254. / xviii, 261 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Describes the development of techniques to genotype and simultaneously assess allele dosage at the ABO locus using PCR and allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1996

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gradella_dbt_dr_arafcf.pdf: 829637 bytes, checksum: 74edb2781966504a41ee8812b6fadbf0 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A expressão de antígenos ABH e Lewis tem sido associada com o desenvolvimento e prognóstico do câncer, diferenciação tumoral e metástase. Considerando que o carcinoma ductal invasivo (CADI) de mama apresenta múltiplas alterações, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o polimorfismo dos genes ABO, Lewis e Secretor, bem como a fenotipagem ABO podem estar associados ao câncer de mama e com parâmetros anatomoclínicos do tumor. Foram avaliadas 76 mulheres portadoras de CADI e 78 mulheres doadoras de sangue para a fenotipagem/genotipagem ABO e genotipagem Lewis e Secretor. Fenotipagem foi realizada por método de hemaglutinação, a genotipagem ABO por PCR seguida de restrição enzimática e a genotipagem dos grupos Lewis e Secretor por PCR alelo específico (PCR-AE). A genotipagem foi realizada considerando o polimorfismo dos genes em um único nucleotídeo, sendo que para o gene Lewis nas posições 59, 1067, 202 e 314, para o gene Secretor na posição 428 e para o gene ABO nas posições 261 (alelo O1), 526 (alelos O2 e B) e 703 (alelo B). Os genótipos Lewis foram classificados em Lewis positivo (tipo selvagem ou com duas/três mutações) e Lewis negativo (duas a quatro mutações). O genótipo secretor foi classificado em Secretor (selvagem ou com a mutação em heterozigose) e Não-secretor (homozigoto mutante). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre as pacientes com câncer de mama e o fenótipo (P=0,9323) e genótipo (P=0,9356) ABO. Mulheres com genótipo Lewis negativo foram associadas com CADI (P=0,0126), mas não foram associadas com os parâmetros anatomoclínicos (tamanho tumor, estadiamento TNM e metástase em linfonodos axilares). Genótipo Não-secretor foi associado com metástase em linfonodos axilares (P=0,0149). Em conclusão, os genótipos Lewis e Secretor podem ser úteis para predizer, respectivamente suscetibilidade e metástase em linfonodos axilares. / ABH and Lewis antigens expression have been associated with cancer development, prognosis, tumor differentiation and metastasis. Considering that invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) present multiple molecular alterations, the aim of the present study was evaluated if the polymorphism of ABO, Lewis and secretor genes, as well as ABO phenotyping could be associated to breast cancer and anatomoclinical parameters of the tumor. In 76 women with IDC and 78 health women blood donors, ABO phenotyping/genotyping, Lewis and Secretor genotyping were evaluated. Phenotyping was performed by hemmaglutination method and genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Specific Primers (PCR-SSP). ABO, Lewis and Secretor were classified by individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at sites 59, 1067, 202 and 314 of the Lewis gene, 428 of the Secretor gene and 261 (O1 allele), 526 (O2 and B allele) and 703 (B allele). Lewis genotype was classified in Lewis positive (wild-type or two/three SNPs) or Lewis negative (two to four different SNPs). The Secretor genotype was classified in Secretor (wild type or SNP in heterozygoses) and Non-secretor (SNP in homozygoses). No association was found between patients with breast cancer and ABO antigen expression (P=0.9323) and genotypes (P=0.9356). Lewis negative was associated with IDC (P=0.0126), but were not associated with anatomoclinical parameters (tumor size, TNM staging and axillary lymph nodes metastasis). Non-secretor genotype was associated with axilary lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.0149). In conclusion, the Lewis and Secretor genotyping could be useful to predict, respectively, of breast cancer susceptibility and axillary lymph nodes metastasis.

Resumo: O sistema sangüíneo ABO (sABO) é o mais importante sistema na compatibilidade de grupos sangüíneos. Muitas pesquisas têm mostrado associações deste sistema com várias doenças infecciosas, inclusive a malária. Este estudo avaliou a associação entre os genótipos do sistema histo-sangüíneo ABO e a malária não grave causada pelo Plasmodium falciparum. A genotipagem dos grupos sangüíneos do sistema ABO foi feita de acordo com o protocolo de PCR/ RFLP, em amostras de indivíduos maláricos e não maláricos de áreas da Amazônia brasileira. O genótipo homozigoto ABO*O01O01 foi prevalente tanto nos maláricos quanto nos doadores de sangue. O genótipo ABO*AB representou cerca de 3% da população infectada e 5% da não infectada. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na comparação das freqüências alélicas e genotípicas do sABO entre pacientes e grupo controle, mesmo quando foram analisados apenas indivíduos com infecções puras de P. falciparum. A freqüência do sABO na Amazônia brasileira pode estar relacionada com a baixa freqüência de malária grave pelo P. falciparum. Portanto, os genótipos encontrados no sistema ABO dos indivíduos maláricos e não maláricos pode promover relevantes informações, para o entendimento da epidemiologia da malária grave por P. falciparum na Amazônia brasileira. / Abstract: The ABO blood system (sABO) is the most important system on the blood groups compatibility. Several studies have shown its associations with various infectious diseases, including malaria. This study evaluated the association between the ABO histo-blood genotypes and non-severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. PCR/RFLP protocol had be used for both ABO blood group system genotyping in malaria suffering individuals and blood donors, from malaria areas of the Brazilian Amazon. The homozygous genotype ABO*O01O01 was prevalent in both malaria and the blood donors. The genotype ABO*AB represented about 3% of the infected population and 5% of non-infected. No statistically significant differences were observed in sABO genotypic and allelic frequencies of patients and the control group, even when individuals were analyzed only with pure infection of P. falciparum. The frequency of sABO in the Brazilian Amazon may be related to the low frequency of non-severe malaria P. falciparum. Therefore, the genotypes found in the ABO blood system in malaric and non-malaric individuals can promote relevant information for the understanding of the severe malaria by P. falciparum epidemiology in the Brazilian Amazon. Keywords: Malaria; ABO blood group system; Plasmodium falciparum. / Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado / Coorientador: Luiz Carlos de Mattos / Banca: Carlos Eugênio Cavasini / Banca: Irineu Luiz Maia / Mestre

Orientador: Christiane Pienna Soares / Banca: Lilian Maria de Castilho / Banca: Luiz Carlos de Mattos / Banca: João Lauro Viana de Camargo / Banca: Haroldo Wilson Moreira / Resumo: A expressão de antígenos ABH e Lewis tem sido associada com o desenvolvimento e prognóstico do câncer, diferenciação tumoral e metástase. Considerando que o carcinoma ductal invasivo (CADI) de mama apresenta múltiplas alterações, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o polimorfismo dos genes ABO, Lewis e Secretor, bem como a fenotipagem ABO podem estar associados ao câncer de mama e com parâmetros anatomoclínicos do tumor. Foram avaliadas 76 mulheres portadoras de CADI e 78 mulheres doadoras de sangue para a fenotipagem/genotipagem ABO e genotipagem Lewis e Secretor. Fenotipagem foi realizada por método de hemaglutinação, a genotipagem ABO por PCR seguida de restrição enzimática e a genotipagem dos grupos Lewis e Secretor por PCR alelo específico (PCR-AE). A genotipagem foi realizada considerando o polimorfismo dos genes em um único nucleotídeo, sendo que para o gene Lewis nas posições 59, 1067, 202 e 314, para o gene Secretor na posição 428 e para o gene ABO nas posições 261 (alelo O1), 526 (alelos O2 e B) e 703 (alelo B). Os genótipos Lewis foram classificados em Lewis positivo (tipo selvagem ou com duas/três mutações) e Lewis negativo (duas a quatro mutações). O genótipo secretor foi classificado em Secretor (selvagem ou com a mutação em heterozigose) e Não-secretor (homozigoto mutante). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre as pacientes com câncer de mama e o fenótipo (P=0,9323) e genótipo (P=0,9356) ABO. Mulheres com genótipo Lewis negativo foram associadas com CADI (P=0,0126), mas não foram associadas com os parâmetros anatomoclínicos (tamanho tumor, estadiamento TNM e metástase em linfonodos axilares). Genótipo Não-secretor foi associado com metástase em linfonodos axilares (P=0,0149). Em conclusão, os genótipos Lewis e Secretor podem ser úteis para predizer, respectivamente suscetibilidade e metástase em linfonodos axilares. / Abstract: ABH and Lewis antigens expression have been associated with cancer development, prognosis, tumor differentiation and metastasis. Considering that invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) present multiple molecular alterations, the aim of the present study was evaluated if the polymorphism of ABO, Lewis and secretor genes, as well as ABO phenotyping could be associated to breast cancer and anatomoclinical parameters of the tumor. In 76 women with IDC and 78 health women blood donors, ABO phenotyping/genotyping, Lewis and Secretor genotyping were evaluated. Phenotyping was performed by hemmaglutination method and genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Specific Primers (PCR-SSP). ABO, Lewis and Secretor were classified by individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at sites 59, 1067, 202 and 314 of the Lewis gene, 428 of the Secretor gene and 261 (O1 allele), 526 (O2 and B allele) and 703 (B allele). Lewis genotype was classified in Lewis positive (wild-type or two/three SNPs) or Lewis negative (two to four different SNPs). The Secretor genotype was classified in Secretor (wild type or SNP in heterozygoses) and Non-secretor (SNP in homozygoses). No association was found between patients with breast cancer and ABO antigen expression (P=0.9323) and genotypes (P=0.9356). Lewis negative was associated with IDC (P=0.0126), but were not associated with anatomoclinical parameters (tumor size, TNM staging and axillary lymph nodes metastasis). Non-secretor genotype was associated with axilary lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.0149). In conclusion, the Lewis and Secretor genotyping could be useful to predict, respectively, of breast cancer susceptibility and axillary lymph nodes metastasis. / Doutor

This project aims to determine the solar Mg abundance with two infrared spectral lines: MgI λ10811 and λ10965. Downloaded line data from VALD are updated with modern values for the oscillator strengths and van der Waals damping parameters, the latter obtained through ABO theory. Utilizing SME, the Mg abundances of synthetic spectra are fitted with respect to a solar atlas. The derived abundance for varied turbulence configurations is found to be between logAMg+12 = 7.40–7.52, which is slightly lower than meteoric and 3D-modeled values. Suggested improvements would be to consider the effects of NLTE and line blending.