ABO blood type has been shown to be associated with both cardiovascular risk and toxicity‐preventing activity (TxPA) stress response in elderly males. Twenty middle‐aged, healthy males, 14 blood type A and six blood type O, were involved in this project. Volunteers completed a battery of psychological assessments, then gave blood and had several psychophysiological measures taken prior to, during and after two stressors. The stressors consisted of mental arithmetic tasks plus audiotapes of combat sounds and a baby crying. The anger‐out and hard‐driving scores of blood type O subjects were significantly higher than the blood type A means. TxPA decreased significantly as a function of stress and some suggestive blood type effects of TxPA were found. Plasma protein, microhematocrit, plasma cortisol, finger temperature, skin conductance, blood pressure and two facial electromyograph (EMG) variables were also significantly affected by stressors but not by the blood type factor. No significant differences of any kind were found for total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein or pulse variables. The importance of age and other individual subject characteristics was discussed.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore the influence of ABO blood type on COVID-19 infection rate. Discovered relationships may uncover whether genetic makeup may affect treatments and such information could be related to orthodontic tooth movements. Methods: The PubMed database was searched using the terms: ABO Blood Group System; Blood-Group System, ABO; System, ABO Blood-Group; H Blood Group System; H Blood Group; Blood Group, H; ABH Blood Group; Blood Group, ABH; Blood Group H Type 1 Antigen; ABO Factors; Factors, ABO. Also included, were studies of ABO blood type and COVID infection or outcomes. Opinion pieces, animal studies, in-vitro studies, studies using blood other than ABO, and pre-2000 papers were excluded, as were studies that were not published in or translated to English. Of the included studies, the references were manually screened to identify additional qualified studies. Two independent reviewers reviewed the initial batch of reports to select the appropriate publications. To resolve conflicts, they met to discuss for a consensus. Studies were appraised by the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal index. For the meta-analysis, studies which used odds ratio in their statistical analysis and COVID-19 infection as an outcome were included. Outcomes were analyzed using Forest Plots. Results: Overall, this systematic review included 39 studies. 19 studies were cohort (2 prospective and 17 retrospective), 16 retrospective case control, and 4 were systematic reviews or meta-analysis. 31 studies reported a relationship between ABO blood type and COVID infection rates and 5 studies found no relationship. For the meta-analysis, 13 studies were included and analyzed. The estimated frequency of COVID-19 infection in terms of ABO blood groups and the overall effect size between blood groups was calculated with 95% confidence interval. The effect size of COVID-19 infection for blood group O versus the other blood groups was estimated as 0.174 (95% CI, o.o86-0.261) p<0.001. The effect size of COVID-19 infection for blood group A versus non-A was estimated as -0.174 (95% CI, -o.248- -0.100) p<0.001. The effect size of COVID-19 infection for blood group B versus non-B was estimated as -0.010 (95% CI, -0.107-0.086) p=0.831. The effect size of COVID-19 infection for blood group AB versus non-AB was estimated as -0.140 (95% CI, -o.344-0.064) p=0.179. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates individuals with type O blood may be less susceptible to COVID-19 infection while those with type A blood may be more susceptible. Numerous studies, however, were not methodologically strong, as they had small sample size or suffered selection bias. Furthermore, no randomized controlled trials to determine causal relationships were found. Clearly this is understandable, given the speed with which the studies needed to be published. Despite such limitation, these findings have important implications for orthodontics because it may indicate that those with variants of Type A blood are more prone to inflammation, as orthodontic tooth movement is facilitated by the inflammatory responses of periodontal tissues. / Oral Biology

No description available.

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2016-10-03T19:51:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cassiarubiabernardo_dissert.pdf: 1967854 bytes, checksum: 8824de8e39f94d01de50b4ffdbee4e9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T19:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassiarubiabernardo_dissert.pdf: 1967854 bytes, checksum: 8824de8e39f94d01de50b4ffdbee4e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP / Introduction: Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans commonly in the feces of a hemipterous popularly known as barber. The natural infection occurs mainly in childhood. After a period of approximately two decades infected individuals develop clinical manifestations such as Chagas heart disease and Chagas gastrointestinal disease (Megaesophagus and/or Megacolon). The expression of the antigens belonging to histo-blood systems ABO, Secretor and Lewis, controlled by the genes ABO (9q34.1), FUT2 (19q13.3) and FUT3 (19p13.3) differs between the organs affected by Chagas disease. It is possible that the differential tissue expression of ABO, Secretor and Lewis histo-blood groups influences the clinical manifestations of Chagas disease. Aim: The aim if this study was to verify if the antigens of the histo-blood systems ABO, Secretor and Lewis are associated with different clinical forms of Chagas disease. Materials and methods: After obtaining the informed consent peripheral blood and serum samples from 827 individuals were collected. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to their clinical state (megacólon [n=66], megaesophagus [n=119] and cardiomyopathy [n=154]). The control group consisted of 488 blood donors properly fit for the donation. The Lewis and ABO phenotyping were performed by hemagglutination test tube and gel columns agglutination, respectively. The IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies were identified by ELISA. FUT2 and FUT3 genotyping were carried out by PCR-RFLP. Results: The mean age of patients with Chagas disease was 64.8±11.2 and blood donors 34.3±11.0 (p<0.0001). The differences between the percentages of the sex of the patients and donors were statistically significant (p <0.0001). The frequencies of ABO, Secretor and Lewis distributed in the three forms of the disease compared with each other and with donors, did not give differences statistically significant. The comparison between the ABO and Secretor combined, according to the three forms of Chagas disease, showed statistically significant differences for megaesophagus form (p=0.015). The frequencies of ABO, Secretor and Lewis antigen profiles between patients and donors showed differences statistically significant in favor of BLeb antigen (p=0.032). Conclusion: The results suggest that the high expression of antigen B, which characterizes the B and AB blood groups under the control of functional FUT2 (Secretor) gene acts as a risk factor for megaesophagus form of the Chagas disease. / Introdução: A doença de Chagas é causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, o qual é transmitido ao homem, comumente, pelas fezes de um hemíptero conhecido popularmente como barbeiro. A infecção natural ocorre principalmente na infância e após um período aproximado de duas décadas, parte dos indivíduos infectados desenvolvem manifestações clínicas como a Cardiopatia Chagásica Crônica e a doença do trato gastrointestinal (Megaesôfago e/ou Megacólon). A expressão dos antígenos dos sistemas histo-sanguíneos ABO, Secretor e Lewis, controlada pelos genes ABO (9q34.1), FUT2 (19q13.3) e FUT3 (19p13.3), difere entre os órgãos acometidos por esta doença e pode influenciar suas manifestações clínicas. Objetivo: Avaliar se os antígenos dos sistemas histo-sanguíneos ABO, Secretor e Lewis estão associados às diferentes formas clínicas da Doença de Chagas. Materiais e Métodos: Após a entrevista e obtenção do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, amostras de sangue periférico e soro de 827 indivíduos foram analisadas. Os pacientes com a forma crônica da Doença de Chagas foram divididos em três subgrupos de acordo com a forma clínica, (megacólon=66, megaesôfago=119 e cardiomiopatia=154). O grupo controle constitui-se de 488 doadores de sangue devidamente aptos à doação. As fenotipagens ABO e Lewis foram realizadas por métodos de hemaglutinação em tubos e colunas de gel, respectivamente. A pesquisa de anticorpos da classe IgG anti-T. cruzi foi realizada pelo teste de ELISA. Os genótipos FUT2 e FUT3 foram identificados por PCR-RFLP. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes chagásicos foi de 64,8±11,2 e dos doadores de sangue 34,3±11,0 (p<0.0001). As diferenças entre as porcentagens do sexo dos pacientes e doadores foram estatisticamente significantes (p< 0.0001). As frequências dos fenótipos ABO, Secretor e Lewis distribuídos nas três formas da doença comparados entre si e com os doadores, não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. A comparação entre os fenótipos ABO e Secretor combinados, de acordo com as três formas da Doença de Chagas, mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes para a forma megaesôfago (p=0,015). A comparação entre as frequências dos perfis antigênicos de pacientes e doadores, revelaram diferença estatisticamente significante para o perfil de antígenos BLeb (p=0,032). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a expressão do antígeno carboidrato B, o qual caracteriza os grupos sanguíneos B e AB, cuja síntese está sob o controle dos genes funcionais FUT2 (Secretor), atua como um fator de risco para a forma megaesôfago da Doença de Chagas.

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The evolutionary history of H. neanderthalensis, interwoven with that of H. sapiens, has always fascinated the scientific world. Recent adavncess in paleogenetics shedds new light on the phylogenetic relationship between Neandertals and modern humans. The studies developed in this thesis intend principally to control the contaminants through the development of an anti-contamination protocol for decreasing the human contamination in pre-laboratory phases. We designed a PCR-based method specific for reducing human contamination during the laboratory analysis, and we analyzed the fragmentation pattern of the ancient sequences by massively parallel sequencing technologies. Furthermore, we studied two nuclear genes, TAS2R38 -associated to bitter taste perception- and ABO blood group system –involved in natural immunity- that provide specific information on aspects of the Neanderthal phenotype and adaptation. / La historia evolutiva d’H. neanderthalensis, imbricada amb la d’H. sapiens, ha fascinat sempre el món científic. Avenços recents en paleogenètica aporten una nova llum sobre la rel•lació filogenètica entre els neandertals i els humans moderns. Els treballs d’aquesta tesi intenten principalment controlar els contaminants mitjançant el desenvolupament d’un protocol d’anti-contaminació que disminueixi la contaminació humana de les mostres en la fase de pre-laboratori. Hem desenvolupat un mètode basat en la PCR específic per a reduïr els contaminants humans durant l’anàlisi en el laboratori, i hem analitzat el patró de fragmentació de les seqüències antigues amb tècniques de seqüenciació massiva en paral•lel. A més a més, hem estudiat dos gens nuclears, el TAS2R38 –associat a la percepció del gust amarg- i el grup sanguini ABO –implicat en la immunitat natural- que proporcionen informació específca sobre aspectes del fenotip i de les adaptacions dels neandertals.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado / Banca: Vera Lúcia Pereira-Chioccola / Banca: Agnes Cristina Fett-Conte / Resumo: O Toxoplasma gondii infecta os seres humanos dentre outras vias, pelo trato gastrintestinal, um local onde se dá a expressão do perfil de glicoconjugados ABH sob controle da enzima a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) codificada pelo gene FUT2 (19q13.3). A presença da FUTII define o status secretor positivo, o qual é relacionado aos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO. Diante da importância epidemiológica e clínica da infecção pelo T. gondii, o objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expresso no trato gastrintestinal está associado à infecção por esse parasito. Foram selecionadas 367 gestantes atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco do Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. Duas amostras de sangue, uma sem e outra com anticoagulante foram coletadas. A fenotipagem eritrocitária ABO e a detecção dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii foram realizadas pelo método hemaglutinação. A identificação do status secretor foi feita pelo método PCR-RFLP. As diferenças nas freqüências do status secretor positivo e negativo e dos fenótipos eritrocitários ABO, isoladamente ou em conjunto, não foram estatisticamente significantes na presença e na ausência desses anticorpos (p=0,26). Esses resultados sugerem que o perfil de glicoconjugados ABH expressos no trato gastrintestinal sob controle do gene FUT2 não está associado à presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii. / Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii infects humans in several manners including by the gastrointestinal tract where the a-2-L-Fucosiltransferase (FUTII) coded by FUT2 (19q13.3) controls the expression of the ABH glycoconjugates profile. Presence of FUTII defines the positive secretor status which is associated to ABO erythrocytic phenotypes. Due to the epidemiological and clinical importance of T. gondii infection, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated to infections by this parasite. A total of 367 pregnant women from the High-Risk Pregnancy Clinical of the University Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto were enrolled in this study. Two blood samples were drawn with only one mixed with anticoagulant. The ABO erythrocytic phenotyping and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies were achieved by the hemagglutination method. Identification of the secretor status was by the PCR-RFLP method. Differences in the positive and negative secretor status and ABO erythrocytic phenotypes, either in isolation or in association, were not statistically significant in respect to the presence or absence of these antibodies (p-value =0.26). These results suggest that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under control of the FUT2 gene is not associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies. / Mestre

ABO- och Rh-systemet är de mest kliniskt betydelsefulla blodgruppssystem för nutidens serologiska diagnostik. En viktig analysmetod inom detta område är kvantifiering av blodgruppsantikroppar då mängden antikroppar i plasma bestäms. Denna metod har flera olika användningsområden, bland annat för att bestämma mängden av irreguljära antikroppar för gravida vid immunisering då mamman har bildat antikroppar mot ett antigen som fostret har. Metoden utförs även i samband med transplantationer och för trombocytgivare. Kvantifiering av blodgruppsantikroppar kan utföras både manuellt och automatiskt. Den manuella metoden utförs med diluent pH7, en form av fosfatbuffrad saltlösning (PBS), som spädningsvätska, medan den automatiska utförs med en dyrare titreringslösning. Ett mer kostnadseffektivt val skulle vara att använda diluent pH7 som spädningsvätska för den automatiska metoden. Denna studie är en metodoptimering för automatisk titrering av blodgruppsantikroppar med IH-500 instrument. Plasmaprover från tre olika kategorier av individer (transplantationspatienter, trombocytgivare och gravida kvinnor) analyserades på IH-500 instrument för både ABO- och andra blodgruppsantikroppar. I maskinen utförs en spädningsserie av plasma från patienter och efter tillsättning av testerytrocyter observeras var det skett en agglutination och hur starkt den var. Det första spädningssteget som graderas som 1+ reaktion räknas som antikroppstitern. Resultat redovisades i form av stapeldiagram som visar skillnaden i antikroppstiter med både titreringslösning och PBS som spädningsvätska. Samtliga resultat ligger inom ramen för vad som definierats som ett godkänt resultat. Konklusionen av studien är att PBS är ett effektivt och billigare alternativ som kan användas som spädningsvätska vid automatisk titrering av ABO- och andra blodgruppsantikroppar på IH-500 instrument. / The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most clinically significant blood group systems for contemporary serological diagnostics. A vital analysis method in this area is the quantification of blood group antibodies, where the amount of antibodies in plasma is determined. This method has several different uses, including the determination of irregular antibodies in pregnant women suspected of immunization if the mother has developed antibodies against an antigen that the fetus possesses. The method is also performed in connection with transplants and for platelet donors. Quantification of blood group antibodies can be performed both manually and automatically. The manual method utilizes diluent pH7, a form of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), as the diluent, while the automatic method is performed with a more expensive titration solution. A more cost-effective choice would be to use diluent pH7 as the diluent for the automatic method. This study aims to optimize the method for automatic titration of blood group antibodies using the IH-500 instrument. Plasma samples from three different categories of individuals (transplant patients, platelet donors and pregnant women) were analyzed on the IH-500 instrument for both ABO and other blood group antibodies. From patient plasma samples a dilution series was made, and after adding test erythrocytes the level of agglutination was observed. The first dilution step graded as 1+ reaction is counted as the antibody titer. Results were presented in the form of bar graphs illustrating the difference in antibody titers with both titration solution and PBS as the diluent. All results fall within the range of what has been defined as an acceptable result. The conclusion of the study is that PBS is an effective and inexpensive alternative that can be used as the diluent for automatic titration of ABO and other blood group antibodies on the IH-500 instrument.

The goal of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between pretreatment facial attractiveness and posttreatment occlusal outcome in orthodontic patients. A randomized sample of forty-seven patients (26 males, 21 females) was selected for inclusion in this study. Orthodontic evaluators rated pretreatment patient photographs (frontal smile, frontal, profile) using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Occlusal outomes were evaluated using percentage reduction in weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index scores and the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between pretreatment VAS attractiveness ratings and posttreatment occlusal scores. There was a fair correlation between facial attractiveness and reduction in weighted PAR index scores for all patients (r=.41, p<.01) and for male patients (r=.48, p<.05). The results showed a good correlation between facial attractiveness and the ABO-OGS for females (r=-.55, p<.05).

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-10-18T15:16:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AssociacaoVirusHepatite.pdf: 1554172 bytes, checksum: 79bd1f6cb07a5a68c3957404775a1deb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-08T15:15:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AssociacaoVirusHepatite.pdf: 1554172 bytes, checksum: 79bd1f6cb07a5a68c3957404775a1deb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AssociacaoVirusHepatite.pdf: 1554172 bytes, checksum: 79bd1f6cb07a5a68c3957404775a1deb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / Vários estudos têm demonstrado associação de sistemas de grupos sanguíneos com diversas patologias. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar associação entre o vírus HCV e os grupos sanguíneos ABO e Rh em doadores de sangue da Fundação Hemopa no período de 2000 a 2010. Entre janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2010 foram analisadas 565.614 amostras de indivíduos que doaram sangue no Hemopa, sendo destes 1064 apresentaram teste reagente para pesquisa sorológica do HCV, 1246 inconclusivos e 563304 negativos. Entretanto, foram incluídos neste estudo somente os doadores de sangue que não possuíam qualquer tipo de co-infecção para nenhuma outra patologia pesquisada, de naturalidade paraense e pele de cor parda. Após, a seleção destes critérios gerou-se um tamanho amostral de 838 (0,15%) soropositivos, 1181 (0,21%) inconclusivos e 551.991 (99,64%) soronegativos de um total de 554.010 doadores de sangue. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da hepatite C foram empregados testes sorológicos de ELISA (Ensaio Imunoenzimático) de 4ª geração para detecção de anticorpos específicos anti-HCV no soro dos doadores e nas amostras de resultado positivo pela sorologia (ELISA) foi realizado extração do RNA viral. Os grupos sanguíneos ABO e Rh foram determinados através das pesquisas de antígenos A e/ou B, de anticorpos anti-A e/ou anti-B e de antígeno Rh(D) na amostra sanguínea do indivíduo. Ao longo destes anos observou-se que a soroprevalência de anticorpos HCV específico nos doadores de sangue vem sofrendo redução, variando de 132 a 38 casos sororeagentes. A maioria dos doadores estavam entre a faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos (57,64%), pertencendo predominantemente ao sexo masculino 74.5% (624/838) e procedentes de Belém 72,5% (607/838). Comparando a distribuição dos fenótipos do sistema de grupo sanguíneo ABO e Rh entre o grupo de doadores sororeagentes e não reagentes ao HCV, verificou-se que não há variação significativa na frequência destes fenótipos entre os doadores reagentes e não reagentes na pesquisa de anticorpos HCV específicos. Dos doadores de sangue que apresentaram resultado de PCR, quando comparado com os grupos sanguíneos ABO e Rh dos pacientes não se observou associação entre eles. / Several studies have demonstrated association of blood group systems with different pathologies. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the association between HCV and blood groups ABO and Rh blood donors Hemopa Foundation from 2000 to 2010. Between January 2000 and December 2010 were analyzed 565,614 samples from individuals who donated blood in Hemopa, and 1064 showed these test reagent for HCV serologic survey, 1246 inconclusive and 563.304 negative. However, this study included only those blood donors who did not have any kind of co-infection to any other pathology researched, naturally Pará and brown skin. After the selection of these criteria led to a sample size of 838 (0.15%) seropositive in 1181 (0.21%) inconclusive and 551,991 (99.64%) seronegative for a total of 554.010 blood donors. For serological diagnosis of hepatitis C were used serological test ELISA (enzyme immunoassay) 4th generation for detection of specific anti-HCV in the serum of donors and the samples positive by serology (ELISA) was carried out extraction of viral RNA. The ABO and Rh blood groups were determined by the research of antigens A and / or B, anti-A and / or anti-B antibodies and Rh (D) antigens in the blood sample from the individual. Over the years we found that the seroprevalence of HCV-specific antibodies in blood donors has undergone reduction, ranging from 132 to 38 cases reactive serum. Most donors were between the age group 30-49 years (57.64%), belonging to the predominantly male 74.5% (624/838) and coming from Belém 72.5% (607/838). When the distribution of the phenotypes of the ABO and Rh blood groups systems between the donor reactive serum and non-reactive to HCV, it was found that no significant variation in the frequency of these phenotypes donor reagents and reactants in the non-HCV-specific antibodies. Donor blood PCR results showed that when compared to Rh and ABO blood groups of patients there was no association between them.