Introdução: A adolescência é um período de intensas mudanças físicas, psicológicas, cognitivas e sociais, que podem influenciar a opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Objetivo: Analisar a opinião de adolescentes sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, do ensino médio de escolas técnicas que participaram do Projeto Educação Alimentar, nos municípios de São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto e Mogi das Cruzes. As variáveis respostas do estudo foram opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação e as explanatórias foram, ingestão referida de frutas, hortaliças e produtos lácteos, idade, sexo, inatividade física, realização de refeição em frente à televisão, cidade e índice de massa corporal IMC. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson (p<0,05) para verificar associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a razão de prevalência entre as categorias das variáveis; o teste de McNemar foi calculado para comparar as proporções oriundas das variáveis respostas (opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação) simultaneamente. Para os cálculos utilizou-se o Stata, versão 10.1. Resultados: Foram estudados 273 adolescentes (60,4 por cento meninas). Detectou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal, IMC e sexo; incluindo inatividade física para sexo masculino e cidade para sexo feminino. A opinião sobre alimentação mostrou-se associada a sexo, ingestão referida de frutas e hortaliças; incluindo cidade para sexo feminino e somente frutas para sexo masculino. Encontrou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes. Conclusão: A opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação se manifestaram de forma semelhante e simultânea para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes / Introduction: Adolescence is a period of intense physical, psychological, cognitive and, social changes that may influence opinion about body weight and eating practice. Objective: To analyze adolescents opinion about body weight and eating practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents (14-19 years) of both sexes, from technical high schools that participated from the Nutrition Education Project, in São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto and Mogi das Cruzes cities. The response variables of the study were opinion about body weight and eating practice and the explanatory ones were reported fruits, vegetables and dairy products intake, age, sex, physical inactivity, making meal in front of the television, city and body mass index BMI. Poisson regression (p <0.05) was used to determine the association among these variables and the prevalence ratio among the categories of variables; McNemar test was calculated to compare the proportions derived from response variables (opinion about body weight and eating practice) simultaneously. For the calculations, Stata, version 10.1 was used. Results: 273 adolescents (60.4 per cent girls) participated from the study. Association was detected among opinion about body weight, BMI and sex, including physical inactivity for males and city for females. Opinion about eating practice was associated with sex, reported fruits and vegetables intake; including city for females and only fruits for males. It was found association between opinion about body weight and eating practice for females and for the adolescents. Conclusion: The opinion about body weight and opinion about eating practice manifested similarly and simultaneously for females and for the adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to examine a process model of combat-related and mental-illness related processes that explain increased likelihood of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This dissertation proposed the development of PTSD may occur due to cultural, social, and self-related pathways associated with veterans’ dual encounters with combat (i.e., severity) and mental illness symptoms. Participants were 195 military veterans recruited from multiple sites and strategies to maximize sample size and representation. Participants were asked to complete several self-administered assessment inventories, including: the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military, the Trauma Symptom Checklist, the Combat Experiences scale, the Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, an adapted version of the Iraq War Attitude Scale, a perceptions scale, an adapted version of the Likelihood of Disclosure Scale, the Unit Support Scale, the Post-Deployment Support Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3), as well as covariates that included demographics and details of military service (e.g., deployment information). Overall, results revealed that the impaired social support indicator of social isolation was linked to PTSD, whereas impaired unit support and impaired postdeployment support were not predictive of PTSD. Results also revealed that it is the cultural stereotypes and stigma associated with military and war but not of mental illness that plays a role in social isolation and subsequently PTSD. Overall, evidence supports the combined explanations of combat-related processes and mental illness processes in understanding likelihood of PTSD.

Introdução: A adolescência é um período de intensas mudanças físicas, psicológicas, cognitivas e sociais, que podem influenciar a opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Objetivo: Analisar a opinião de adolescentes sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, do ensino médio de escolas técnicas que participaram do Projeto Educação Alimentar, nos municípios de São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto e Mogi das Cruzes. As variáveis respostas do estudo foram opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação e as explanatórias foram, ingestão referida de frutas, hortaliças e produtos lácteos, idade, sexo, inatividade física, realização de refeição em frente à televisão, cidade e índice de massa corporal IMC. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson (p<0,05) para verificar associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a razão de prevalência entre as categorias das variáveis; o teste de McNemar foi calculado para comparar as proporções oriundas das variáveis respostas (opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação) simultaneamente. Para os cálculos utilizou-se o Stata, versão 10.1. Resultados: Foram estudados 273 adolescentes (60,4 por cento meninas). Detectou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal, IMC e sexo; incluindo inatividade física para sexo masculino e cidade para sexo feminino. A opinião sobre alimentação mostrou-se associada a sexo, ingestão referida de frutas e hortaliças; incluindo cidade para sexo feminino e somente frutas para sexo masculino. Encontrou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes. Conclusão: A opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação se manifestaram de forma semelhante e simultânea para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes / Introduction: Adolescence is a period of intense physical, psychological, cognitive and, social changes that may influence opinion about body weight and eating practice. Objective: To analyze adolescents opinion about body weight and eating practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents (14-19 years) of both sexes, from technical high schools that participated from the Nutrition Education Project, in São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto and Mogi das Cruzes cities. The response variables of the study were opinion about body weight and eating practice and the explanatory ones were reported fruits, vegetables and dairy products intake, age, sex, physical inactivity, making meal in front of the television, city and body mass index BMI. Poisson regression (p <0.05) was used to determine the association among these variables and the prevalence ratio among the categories of variables; McNemar test was calculated to compare the proportions derived from response variables (opinion about body weight and eating practice) simultaneously. For the calculations, Stata, version 10.1 was used. Results: 273 adolescents (60.4 per cent girls) participated from the study. Association was detected among opinion about body weight, BMI and sex, including physical inactivity for males and city for females. Opinion about eating practice was associated with sex, reported fruits and vegetables intake; including city for females and only fruits for males. It was found association between opinion about body weight and eating practice for females and for the adolescents. Conclusion: The opinion about body weight and opinion about eating practice manifested similarly and simultaneously for females and for the adolescents

Объектом исследования являются концептуальные особенности современных журналов о кино в России. Предметом исследования является соответствие концепций журналов о кино запросам современного рынка. Цель магистерской диссертации – выявление эффективных с точки зрения современного рынка стратегий формирования контента, структуры и дизайна журналов о кино. В первой главе рассматриваются следующие аспекты: место кинематографа в современном мире, понятие, видовая классификация и концептуальные характеристики журналов о кино. В ходе изучения было проанализировано состояние журнального рынка в стране, рассмотрены отечественные издания о кино, определена доля этих изданий среди прочих журналов. Во второй главе проанализированы концептуальные особенности журналов «Сеанс» и «Искусство кино»: целевое назначение и читательский адрес, способы формирования контента и структуры, выбор дизайна и полиграфических особенностей, а также современные механизмы продвижения журналов. На основе проведенного анализа выявлены стратегии, позволяющие существовать журналам в условиях современного книжного рынка. / The object of the research is the conceptual features of modern film magazines in Russia. The subject of the research is the correspondence of the concepts of cinema magazines to the demands of the modern market. The purpose of the master's thesis is to identify effective strategies for the formation of content, structure and design of film magazines from the point of view of the modern market. The first chapter discusses the following aspects: the place of cinema in the modern world, the concept, species classification and conceptual characteristics of film magazines. During the study, the state of the magazine market in the country was analyzed, domestic publications about the cinema were examined, the share of these publications among other magazines was determined. The second chapter analyzes the conceptual features of the Session and Art of Cinema magazines: the purpose and readership address, ways of creating content and structure, the choice of design and printing features, as well as modern mechanisms for promoting magazines. Based on the analysis, strategies have been identified that allow journals to exist in the modern book market.

Many people may have become increasingly concerned about the risks associated with vaccines. At the same time, there is a lack of qualitative research on the impact of various vaccinations schedules on individuals' physio-psychological health. In addition, "mandatory" versus "nonmandatory, but recommended" vaccines are still under debate in some Western countries. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to provide an in-depth understanding of the beliefs, experiences, and perceptions of adolescents, parents, and health care providers regarding different vaccination schedules. The health belief model was used as the theoretical framework. The sample consisted of adolescents and parents from different vaccination backgrounds, as well as of healthcare providers who were involved with vaccination schedules (N=72). Purposeful sampling strategy was applied and individual interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the obtained data were analyzed thematically. According to the results of the study, participants' perceptions on vaccination were generally positive, and a mandatory vaccination schedule was mostly recommended. Adolescents who received mandatory vaccination reported that this scheme was appropriate against several diseases. Further, health care members indicated that vaccination side effects were mainly emotional, and they suggested that public health agencies should disseminate more scientifically-sound information on the benefits and risks of vaccination. The findings of this study may be used as the basis for the formulation of an effective public health policy to adopt a nationally-and internationally-accepted vaccination schedule.

Catholic Church--Pennsylvania--Periodicals; Catholic Church--United States--Periodicals; Catholic--Pennsylvania--Periodicals; Pittsburgh (Pa.)--Newspapers; Pittsburgh (Pa.)--Periodicals; United States--Pennsylvania--Allegheny--Pittsburgh;

A proposition ontology occupies a potentially rich and foundational place in a good deal of contemporary philosophical theorizing. Some of the biggest roadblocks to a wider acceptance and employment of propositions have been legitimate worries about their nature, or ontological "explanatory" power of theories that employ them. This dissertation attempts to understand and construct a deflationary or minimalist understanding of the notion of a proposition and its theoretical roles. On the basis of this understanding, following Stephen Schiffer (2003), I attempt to construct an ontology of propositions -focusing on general propositions- which avoids or dissolves the most pressing worries about their ontological nature, and the epistemological and explanatory statuses of propositions. In chapter one, I discuss the primary theoretical motivations for positing propositions, and argue for a general set of ontological constraints that fall out of a consideration of entities posited according to these motivations. In chapter two, after arguing that propositions are substantially ontologically independent of mind and language, I argue that propositions are conceptually mind- dependent, but that conceptual dependence of this kind does not amount to any sort of ontological dependence. In chapter three, drawing heavily on the work of Stephen Schiffer (2003), I substantially address the epistemological worries about propositions, arguing that propositions are pleonastic entities whose natures and existence we can know simply by reflecting on our proposition- introducing linguistic practices. In chapter four, I argue that propositions may or may not, in virtue of their status as pleonastic entities, play any substantial explanatory role, but that by utilizing the notion of a proposition, which, according to the pleonastic conception of them, guarantees their existence independent of our practices, is useful and perhaps indispensable to certain of our communicative and epistemic practices. Our propositional linguistic practices, involving essentially our reference to propositions, are thus pragmatically justified.

To understand learners’ beliefs about language learning and strategy use in an EFL exit test environment, this study investigated Taiwanese university students’ language learning beliefs; EFL exit test beliefs; language learning, test-preparation, and test-taking strategies; the relationships among their beliefs and strategy use; and the differences in students’ beliefs and strategy use according to their major, gender, grade level, entrance exam English score, and EFL exit test experience. A total of 518 Taiwanese university students participated in the questionnaire study. Two major instruments were developed and used to measure students’ beliefs and strategy use in the Taiwanese EFL exit test context: (1) the Belief about Language Learning in an EFL Exit test Context (BALLIEETC), and (2) the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning in an EFL Exit test Context (SILLEETC). Analysis of the questionnaire data involved descriptive statistics, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. The questionnaire results suggested the following: (1) students believed in the importance of speaking English well, repeating and practicing, learning vocabulary words, acquiring excellent pronunciation, and correcting errors; (2) students primarily used memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, test-preparation, and test-taking strategies to learn English, prepare for the EFL exit test, and take the test; (3) students’ beliefs were associated with their strategy use; (4) English majors had stronger beliefs and higher levels of strategy use than non-English majors; (5) students with higher entrance exam English scores had stronger beliefs and higher levels of strategy use than those of lower scores; (6) college seniors believed more in foreign language aptitude and use test-taking strategies more often than freshmen; (7) students who had taken and passed an EFL exit test had stronger beliefs and higher levels of strategy use than those who had not taken a test. The results of this study support an association between learners’ beliefs and strategy use. Understanding students’ beliefs about language learning and the EFL exit test, as well as their use of language-learning, test-preparation, and test-taking strategies, may enable EFL teachers to help students develop effective language learning, test-preparation, and test-taking strategies and improve their English abilities and EFL exit test performance. The field of second language acquisition may also benefit from insights into students’ beliefs and their use of strategies in an EFL exit test environment. The EFL exit test may affect students’ beliefs about language learning and strategy use, such as their having stronger beliefs about the importance of vocabulary and higher levels of memory strategy use. / text

The aim of this literature study is to find out how four Swedish scholars identify themeaning of the subject religious education in Sweden. Thereafter the result of theSwedish scholars interpretation is to be compared with British theories on how religiouseducation may be applied in schools through different strategies and principlesdeveloped by five different RE scholars.The method used in this thesis is a systematic literature study with a qualitative hermeneuticmethod. The empirical literature is analyzed and interpreted by me and thereafterplaced in the right context to read how the scholars view the subject. Accordingto the scholars and the Swedish curriculum, the results showed that the Swedishscholars have a similar view on what they think is the meaning with RE. The fundamentalidea is that the education should be child-centered and evolve around pupilsknowledge, background and abilities to attain the purpose of the subject. Which willlead to an immersed knowledge, understanding, respect and tolerance for different religiouspositions.Both the British and the Swedish scholars agreed that the dominating secular and atheistpoint of view in the classrooms and in the society, constitutes challenges for theteachers to apply the different strategies to achieve the meaning of RE. The Swedishscholars opine that the RE needs to contribute to learning about and learning fromreligions through different perspectives that show religions from the inside perspectiveand the outside perspective.

Lärare i Sverige använder i stor utsträckning matematikböcker i matematikundervisningen. Hur lärares uppfattningar påverkar deras undervisning är dock debatterat. Denna studie undersöker därför sambandet mellan lärares användning av matematikböcker och deras uppfattningar om matematik, matematikundervisning och lärande i matematik. Först fick åtta lärare i årskurs 1-3 besvarade en enkät om uppfattningar, och om användning av matematikböcker och sedan intervjuades tre av dem. Resultatet visar att lärarna i olika grad kan ha både en dynamisk och statisk syn på matematik som ämne, och både en konstruktivistisk och traditionell syn på undervisning och lärande i matematik. Resultatet visar även att den lärare som i minst utsträckning tar uppgifter från matematikboken är den lärare som i störst utsträckning visar på en konstruktivistisk syn, medan den lärare som i störst utsträckning tar uppgifter från matematikboken är den lärare som i störst utsträckning visar på en dynamisk och problemlösande syn. Den lärare som befinner sig i mitten vad gäller vart uppgifterna tas ifrån är den lärare som i störst utsträckning håller med om en statisk och platonistisk samt instrumentalistisk syn. Ses uppfattningar om undervisning och lärande i matematik och uppfattningar om matematik som ämne däremot som en enhet går det inte att påvisa ett samband till användningen av matematikböcker. / Swedish teachers tend to use mathematics textbooks in their teaching to a large extent. How teachers’ beliefs impact their teaching is however, debated. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between teachers’ use of mathematics textbooks and their beliefs about mathematics, mathematics teaching and learning mathematics. Eight 1-3 grade teachers completed a questionnaire measuring their use of mathematics textbooks and their beliefs, three of these were interviewed. The results indicate that the teachers can agree with both a dynamic and a static view of the nature of mathematics, and both a constructivist and traditional view of mathematics learning and teaching. The results also show that the teacher that uses the least amount of tasks from mathematics textbooks is the teacher that to the largest extent holds a constructivist view, while the teacher that uses the most amount of tasks from mathematics textbooks is the teacher that to the largest extent holds a dynamic and problem solving view. The teacher that’s in between the other teachers when it comes to where the tasks are taken from is the teacher that to the largest extent holds a static, platonist and instrumentalist view. However, if beliefs about mathematics, mathematics teaching and learning mathematics are seen as a unit there is no correlation between the use of mathematics textbooks and beliefs.