This diploma thesis deals with concrete abrasion resistance against abrasion. The constructions of transport and water management structures are most stressed by the action of abrasion by means of travel of vehicles and flowing water. Abrasion reduces the durability of the structures. The prerequisites for achieving the best possible abrasion resistance are examined. Furthermore, test methods that are currently used worldwide. The experimental part deals with the influence of individual types of aggregates amphibolite (Želešice), fecal gravel sand (Žabčice) and basalt (Bílčice) on abrasion resistance. Furthermore, the dependence between the strength of the concrete and the hardness of the surface for abrasion resistance. Abrasion resistance testing was determined by concrete abrasion, abrasion resistance by the Böhm method and by water jet.

Varicose veins is a condition, which affects numerous people. The condition is mostly not harmful but aesthetically unappreciated. Therefore many people choose to have them surgically removed. After the surgery is completed, the leg is bandaged, this for creating an ideal healing environment, without any complications occurring. It is important that a uniform pressure is distributed evenly along the bandaged leg, because high or low pressure can cause complications which prolongs healing. During the bandaging it is difficult to achieve an even pressure since the pressure varies due to the shape of the leg and who is bandaging the leg. PressCise has developed a compression bandage with a guide along the bandage, so that each bandaging will give the same pressure upon the leg. The bandage is designed after a specific mathematical formula that is derived from the law of Laplace. This means that no matter how thick or thin the leg is at different points, the pressure will distribute itself evenly over the entire bandaged leg. PressCise aims to obtain a CE-mark for the product before a launch. An analysis of demands and a wide test study therefor needs to be carried out. Demands and requirements for the product from different laws and regulations have been observed in order to determine which tests are necessary to execute. At this stage PressCise also needs to evaluate different parameters. To begin with, they need to see how the bandage behaves in different types of treatments, and secondly they need to evaluate the properties in order to give the correct information concerning usage and durability advices. In this report, a survey of the competitors was conducted in order to estimate which standards and tests the competitors are marketing their products with. An examination of the requirements of the product from the PressCise, CE marking and laws will be study, to see which demands and regulations lies upon the bandage. In this report a minor test study will be executed, where the product will go through a washing test, an abrasion test and a hysteresis test. The report will conclude with a requirement specification for the current product and its launching. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen

Estudo experimental sobre a alterabilidade de basaltos das fundações da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos constou da execução de ensaios de alteração, por ciclos de saturação e secagem, e de abrasão \"Los Angeles\" efetuados após ensaios de alteração. O ensaio de abrasão \"Los Angeles\" foi adotado como parâmetro mecânico auxiliar na quantificação da desagregação. Análises granulométricas também foram utilizadas com o mesmo objetivo. Foram executados, ainda, ensaios físico-mecânicos e análises petrográficas para a caracterização tecnológica das amostras. A distribuição dos valores de perda de massa por alteração e por abrasão, em função do tempo (ciclos), e as distribuições granulométricas apresentadas após esses ensaios, permitiram avaliar com clareza a desagregabilidade das amostras. Aos resultados das perdas de massa por alteração e por abrasão foram aplicados critérios de cálculo sugeridos por diferentes autores, para fixar índices de alterabilidade de rochas. Os índices adotados permitiram estabelecer a seqüência de alterabilidade dos basaltos estudados. A partir dos resultados obtidos no estudo, foi possível, ainda, estabelecer uma proposta de procedimento para avaliar a alterabilidade de rochas, com contribuição para normalização de ensaios de alteração. / An experimental study on the alterability of basalts from Três Irmãos Hydroelectric Dam foundation was performed by means of alteration test, and \"Los Angeles\" abrasion tests carried out after the samples have been submitted to alteration test. L.A. test was adopted as a mechanical parameter in order to quantify the disaggregation. Grain size analyses were also used as a complementary quantification form. Additionally, some physico-mechanical standard tests and petrographical analyses were done for the technological characterization of the various samples. The distribution of values of mass loss due to alteration and abrasion, with the time (cicles), and the grain size distribution presented, after those tests, allowed the evaluation of disaggregation of the studied samples. Several criteria of calculations, as suggested by different authors, were used to define alterability indexes. The indexes adopted allowed to evaluate properly the alterability of the studied basaltic rocks. The results here obtained provided conditions to stablish a proposition of a standard procedure to evaluate rock alterability through experimental tests.

Estudo experimental sobre a alterabilidade de basaltos das fundações da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos constou da execução de ensaios de alteração, por ciclos de saturação e secagem, e de abrasão \"Los Angeles\" efetuados após ensaios de alteração. O ensaio de abrasão \"Los Angeles\" foi adotado como parâmetro mecânico auxiliar na quantificação da desagregação. Análises granulométricas também foram utilizadas com o mesmo objetivo. Foram executados, ainda, ensaios físico-mecânicos e análises petrográficas para a caracterização tecnológica das amostras. A distribuição dos valores de perda de massa por alteração e por abrasão, em função do tempo (ciclos), e as distribuições granulométricas apresentadas após esses ensaios, permitiram avaliar com clareza a desagregabilidade das amostras. Aos resultados das perdas de massa por alteração e por abrasão foram aplicados critérios de cálculo sugeridos por diferentes autores, para fixar índices de alterabilidade de rochas. Os índices adotados permitiram estabelecer a seqüência de alterabilidade dos basaltos estudados. A partir dos resultados obtidos no estudo, foi possível, ainda, estabelecer uma proposta de procedimento para avaliar a alterabilidade de rochas, com contribuição para normalização de ensaios de alteração. / An experimental study on the alterability of basalts from Três Irmãos Hydroelectric Dam foundation was performed by means of alteration test, and \"Los Angeles\" abrasion tests carried out after the samples have been submitted to alteration test. L.A. test was adopted as a mechanical parameter in order to quantify the disaggregation. Grain size analyses were also used as a complementary quantification form. Additionally, some physico-mechanical standard tests and petrographical analyses were done for the technological characterization of the various samples. The distribution of values of mass loss due to alteration and abrasion, with the time (cicles), and the grain size distribution presented, after those tests, allowed the evaluation of disaggregation of the studied samples. Several criteria of calculations, as suggested by different authors, were used to define alterability indexes. The indexes adopted allowed to evaluate properly the alterability of the studied basaltic rocks. The results here obtained provided conditions to stablish a proposition of a standard procedure to evaluate rock alterability through experimental tests.