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Distance learning is a fast-growing method of delivery in higher education. The literature about distance learning is rich with information about learning and course design. However, there is little information about the non-academic support services that universities can and should provide for distance students. This study addresses that gap in the literature by exploring the non-academic needs of distance learners. Students and faculty members involved with distance learning at four-year institutions in the Fall of 2000 were asked to identify what, if any, needs distance learners have outside the classroom. Specifically, an original web-based survey was designed to identify 34 possible non-academic needs. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of those needs in the success of distance learners, the accessibility of services to meet those needs, and when the needs present themselves to distance learners. Findings indicate that the non-academic needs of distance learners are very similar to those of campus-based students. The most important needs are basic: information about the institution and program, a way to purchase books, a contact person at the institution, and academic advising. More traditional developmental needs such as leadership development, experience with diversity, and career services were important to respondents pursuing Bachelors degrees. Services to meet the needs are currently not easily accessible. Most needs present themselves throughout a student's academic career. Institutions involved with distance learning should consider addressing basic needs first. If an institution targets a large number of students pursuing Bachelor degrees at a distance, they might also add services to meet more traditional developmental needs. / Ph. D.

This researcher examined an alternative classroom structure for ninth-grade students substantially below grade level (SBGL) in mathematics. This researcher considered whether targeting the academic and social needs of students SBGL in mathematics in a ninth-grade class would increase their self-efficacy and engagement with the mathematics by studying four teaching effects: teacher, teacher-curriculum, peer-curriculum, and peer. The researcher used interviews, observations, and surveys to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The case study (n = 19) employed a QUAL + quan convergent parallel mixed methods case study. Meta-inferences from the analyses of qualitative and quantitative data indicate that the structure of the observed class increased in positive behaviors associated with self-efficacy, cognitive engagement, and behavioral engagement. While the data show an increase in emotional and social engagement, the quantitative data did not show a statistical significance in their increase. These changes illustrated that these ninth-grade students recognized and willingly worked to close the gaps that they acknowledge they had in their mathematics understanding. Findings indicated that the convergent results of self-efficacy, cognitive engagement and behavioral engagement related to all four teaching effects. While qualitative data showed a strong positive change associated with the divergent results of social and emotional engagement, students self-reported little social and emotional peer influence in student interviews and student surveys.

Modern education has to take on various roles and contingencies over the last decade – both for good and worse. Public school systems are competing with private and now charter schools for student enrollment and virtual or online learning schools. A question many parents and educators struggle with – how do we grow and develop children and young adults' academic needs through the use of technology? The question may be simple; however, the answer is far complicated. Technology provides help in various ways a human being cannot, including instant gratification of Google searches, video education, synchronous education game formats, distant learning from different ends of the country, and so on. Virtual education has seen a growing demand in the last decade. Many institutions worldwide are implementing online classes as academic needs are switching from traditional to non-traditional. Professional development in virtual settings is rapidly increasing along with education budgets to support these technological mammoths' databases and software programs. However, is one ‘one-size-fits-all' model adequate for all learning styles? Despite the rapid growth of online education, many challenges and dispositions exist with the design and delivery to students on all academia levels. Software engineers and lack of developmental acquisitions for user-friendly formatting to students with exceptional learning styles differ from the norm. This paper addresses the question of virtual learning opportunities missed in online programs' software development compared to their physical alternatives in ‘brink and mortar' or face-to-face instruction. The three research questions behind this study were as follows: Are there areas and functions of virtual education that need to be fixed within the public-school setting platforms? If, so what? Are the platforms/software's used ‘one size fits all' or individually programmed to grade level, age of user(s), and/or academic needs (Gifted/IEP, mental/physical disabilities, learning disabilities, language)? Areas of recommendation to positively change missing or unsuccessful platforms to accommodate research questions one and two. Observations, documents and records, and open-ended structured interviews were the data collection methods used in this study to understand virtual education in midst of a pandemic. The researcher is interested know how children are significantly challenged – internet connectivity, socioeconomic and support systems of both social and emotional needs, gifted children were equally compared to their non-gifted peers in the wake of a global pandemic. Schools districts overlooked many areas causing significant concern for both teachers and parents of student academic needs. To justify a ‘one-size-fits-all' approach given lack of planning, cannot justify a substitute for education, through resource limitations and declining success tools to students who need it most. Teachers were split in seeing the progressive advances in fully virtual education which were favorited by younger, tech-savvy educators, compared to their older colleagues who preferred traditional methods of paper and {pen}cils. Public and Charter Schools have the option to continue fully virtual, hybrid education and traditional methods of education based on students adaptation, chronological age, maturity, including teachers opting in for lower class size, ability to work from home and providing more resources to students who are significantly handicapped based on socioeconomic, disabilities, and/or parents reliance as first/active responders.

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Thirty percent of elementary schools that serve underprivileged students in a Texas school district are considered low-performing according to state standards in the 2016 2017 school year. Little is known about the perspectives on the support teachers need while teaching students with high social-emotional and academic needs. The purpose of this general qualitative study was to examine perspectives on principal support for teachers who teach these populations. Data were collected through interviewing 9 teachers, 3 principals, 3 counselors, 3 instructional coaches, and 1 district academic leader. Social cognitive theory, role theory, and cognitive evaluation theory constituted the conceptual framework. Individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded. Teachers’ top 5 supports were “follow through with school systems,” “trust in teachers by the principal,” “teacher collaboration with the principal,” “principal stands up for teachers,” and “principal has a lending ear.” Principals identified “budget for human resources,” “follow through with school systems,” “teacher collaboration with the principal,” “professional development opportunities,” and “planning time,” “trust in teachers from principal,” and “leading by example” were tied in the fifth ranking. School and district personnel identified “professional development opportunities,” “follow through with school systems,” “budget for human resources,” “principal has a lending ear” and “lead by example” were tied in 4th, and “principal is visible” was fifth on their list. These findings contribute to positive social change by informing the education field about positive support systems that ultimately enhance learning of students with high social-emotional and academic needs.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the needs of the third year Management students of the Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences at BaSkent University with regard to the English-Turkish Translation Course through the perceptions of the students / course instructors including the course designer / graduates who took the course / subject-area instructors of the Department of Management / and the professionals practicing in different fields of management and business administration. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were extended to the course designer and the instructors who teach the course for the improvement of the course. The data collection instruments used for the study were a Needs Analysis Questionnaire administered to fifty-three students and structured interviews conducted with the six course instructors, sixteen departmental instructors, ten graduates and ten professionals. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by using Cronbach Alpha test and all the instruments were pilot-tested. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered which were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies). The study brought into light the fact that translation particularly from English into Turkish was perceived to be a very important skill primarily in students&rsquo / departmental studies most of which they do in Turkish and for which they do most of their field-specific readings in English, which renders transfer from the foreign language into the native language indispensable. Perceptions of the participants also revealed that the translation course, in addition to improving the translation skill, raised competence in the foreign language, primarily in terms of enhancing knowledge of vocabulary, reading comprehension skill and writing skill. One of the major strengths of the translation course was found out to be the total relevance of the content of its translation materials to the students&rsquo / area of study. Preferences of the course instructors and the students were generally in line with the requirements of the target situations and the suggestions of the literature. Based on the findings, recommendations were extended to the course designer and the instructors. The most important ones included were extending the duration of the course from one semester to two semesters / shifting from sentence-level to paragraph-level and text-level translations / more emphasis on communicative rather than faithful translation / incorporation of authentic materials such as texts from magazines and newspapers and texts used in professional life into the course materials in addition to the texts extracted from field-specific course books and resources already used in the course for translation.

This qualitative study aims to investigate the use of social media sites by university library staff to facilitate undergraduate students. Two Greek academic libraries were examined and the specific social media investigated was Facebook since it was the only common social media to both libraries. The method that was used was the interpretive method in order to gain better insight of students’ perceptions, motivations and request their suggestions regarding the use of social media by academic libraries. More specifically, twelve undergraduate students were interviewed and then the results were analyzed via Thematic Analysis. The results of this research showed that students appreciate the existence of their library’s Facebook page as an informational tool. On the other hand, improvements should be made regarding its use as a communication tool. Benefits, such as time gain, the ability to get in touch with new people, job opportunities, and reminders of important educational programs (Erasmus), were acknowledged by all students. Moreover, interesting suggestions were made, such as to increase the availability of open access books, the use of cameras for communicating with librarians via Facebook, and an increase in the number of photos of books. Other ideas were the ability to see the availability of books in the library, the ability to borrow them electronically, and the creation of a Facebook group to discuss common interests with other students.

The number of recent U.S. military veterans attending college has increased due to the Veterans Education Assistance Act; however, retention and graduation rates for this population have declined. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the experiences and academic needs of recent military veterans as they transition from the military to academic life at a for-profit, proprietary college. In addition, this study identified differences in the problems faced by male and female veterans and explored whether veterans understood the resources available to them as they enrolled in higher education. Schlossberg's transitional theory was the conceptual framework used in this ethnographic case study. Eight female and 8 male military veterans of the Iraq or Afghanistan war were selected for focused interviews through purposeful sampling. The results of the study indicated that regardless of gender, military veteran students at the local college needed time management skills, help with medical and social issues, and career development. While the college was perceived as student centered, another emergent theme was ineffective classroom management. A 3-day professional development program was designed for faculty and staff in order to increase their knowledge of the challenges faced by veterans in transition and to help military veteran students achieve academic success. Future research could expand the numbers of colleges and students represented in the study. This study promotes positive social change by providing higher education faculty members the results of the study so that they can apply the findings in amending current teaching strategies in an effort to provide a comprehensive learning environment for military veteran student.