Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur enhetschefer på äldreboenden i en svensk kommun beskriver arbetet med äldres välbefinnande och hur de konkretiserar den samma.  Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av semi- strukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med 8 enhetschefer. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och kodats genom innehållsanalys. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och olika teoretiska ramar till begreppet välbefinnande. Enhetscheferna som deltog i studien valde att beskriva arbetet med personalen som det främsta sättet att bidra till äldre välbefinnande. Detta görs delvis genom utbildning i socialtjänstlagens nya värdegrund, och delvis i det dagliga arbetet då enhetscheferna tillsammans med personalen arbetar för att stärka den äldres självbestämmande och delaktighet. Slutsatsen från analysen tyder på att självbestämmande är lättare att tillgodose till de äldre som klarar av detta fysiskt och psykiskt. De äldre som inte har dessa förmågor får inte samma möjlighet till välbefinnande, eftersom delaktighet och självbestämmande då behövs göras genom personalen. Avslutningsvis behövs det mer resurser i äldreomsorgen både personalmässigt och utbildningsmässigt för att stärka äldres välbefinnande. Om de personalmässiga resurserna utökas kan detta bidra till mer värdefull individuell tid för den äldre. / The purpose of this study is to explore how managers of elderly care accommodations describes well-being for the elderly and the implementation of this. We interviewed eight managers of elderly care accommodations from a community in Sweden. A qualitative research method was used in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were then transcribed and coded by content analysis. The results were analyzed based on previous research and different theoretical models explaining the concept of well-being.                                                               The managers that took part in this study described that well-being was mostly implemented by the care staff. The staffs are given courses about the guideline values for the care of elderly in special housing. This in accordance to the Social act law 5.kap §4 . The managers of elderly care also work together with their care staff to find ways to strengthen the elderly´s participation and decision making of their care. Our conclusion from this study is that the elderly’s decision making is easier to provide for those who have the physical and mentally strengthen for it. Those who haven’t got those abilities don’t get the chance to feel well-being, and the decision making and participation is then removed from the elderly to the care staff. One way to improve elderly’s well-being could be by expanding the care staff resources so that more individual time can be devoted for the elderly.

The “graying” of the population is proceeding rapidly, and the prevalence of people living with dementia is rising. Dementia is a syndrome due to the disease of the brain, which is characterized by a progressive, global deterioration in the intellect including memory, learning, orientation, language, comprehension, and judgment. This entails an increased need for assistance with daily tasks. In most cases, family members perform the caregiving role. However, providing care and support for someone with dementia is associated with an enormous emotional, physical, and social stress. Therefore, it is necessary for caregivers to take periods of rest regularly and to take care of their own health. In Germany, assisted vacations have been established as an important type of potential support for family caregivers. They go on a vacation together with their care recipient. During their stay, professionals and volunteers assist with the care and, as a result, relieve the family caregivers. Unfortunately, few vacation accommodations meet the specific needs of the target group. Especially, a proper design of the physical environment can positively affect functionality, behavior, and well-being among people with dementia and, thus, also benefit the caregivers. Former research on designing dementia-friendly environments has been heterogenic, and little is known about how to design the built environment for people with dementia outside nursing homes. The purpose of this paper is to explore ways of designing holiday accommodations for people with dementia and their family caregivers. The methods used were, first, a literature review on design and family caregiving for people with dementia. This aimed at identifying dementia-friendly physical features and at determining dementia caregivers’ characteristics. Second, a case study of existing holiday homes was carried out to detect strengths and weaknesses of their built environments. In combination, caregiver’s demands on the design of the built environment were assessed through qualitative interviews with caregivers. Consequently, design criteria were developed through a synthesis of the result of the previous steps. Finally, the resulting design criteria were transferred into a concept for a prototypical holiday accommodation. Results suggest that a holiday accommodation, which meets the demands of the target group on the built environment, has to be barrier-free and dementia-friendly designed; has to offer situational orientation cues; and provides space for activities, communication, and retreat. This paper represents a first approach of exploring ways to design dementia-friendly holiday homes. There is a need to further examine the resulting ideas.

The purpose of this study has been to identify how the work is conducted in five municipal homes for care and accommodation for unaccompanied refugee youths. Five qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with six respondents who work as staff in the youth accommodation for unaccompanied refugee youths. The results were analyzed based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The results showed a spread among the youths where some had difficulties with the most basic needs such as eating and sleeping, while other young people had worked their way up in the hierarchy and were on the top of the stairs working for self-actualization. / Syftet med den här studien har varit att kartlägga hur arbetet ser ut på fem kommunala hem för vård och boende för ensamkommande flyktingungdomar. Fem kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med sex respondenter som arbetar som personal på ungdomsboenden för ensamkommande flyktingungdomar. Resultatet analyserades med utgångspunkt i Maslows behovstrappa. Resultatet visade en spridning bland ungdomarna där en del har svårigheter med de mest grundläggande behoven såsom matintag och sömn, medan andra ungdomar har arbetat sig upp till behovstrappans högsta punkt och arbetar för självförverkligande.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as a low incidence, high cost condition, however there is little information in the UK regarding the incidence, prevalence or associated costs of SCI. Additionally there is little evidence identifying outcomes or issues associated with delays in referral, admission or discharge from an SCIC or the impact of delays in provision of resources on reintegration outcomes. Research Aim: This novel study aims to determine factors and timings which may facilitate or limit successful rehabilitation and community reintegration for individuals with SCI. Map timescales and key indicators in the SCI injury and rehabilitation and reintegration pathways. Establish the impact of delays in provision of required resources on reintegration outcomes. Methods: An observational longitudinal study, collecting data regarding individuals from injury to one year post-discharge. Rehabilitation, reintegration and healthcare systems outcome measures to be evaluated were identified and included: community participation, quality of life, residential situation, readmission rate and vocational activity. Results: Delays in accessing services occur for a variety of issues and can have lasting impact. Many issues can affect progress and may have a more profound effect at particular points of the injury and rehabilitation pathway. At one year post discharge some subjects have fallen short of the identified outcomes; potential reasons for this are discussed in addition to issues that may have facilitated improved outcomes in some subjects. Conclusion: Some assumptions in SCI rehabilitation and reintegration have been challenged and some partially or fully supported. Novel findings have been identified in relation to physical social and psychological barriers or facilitators of outcomes following SCI. Potential areas for further research to increase our knowledge of issues for SCI individuals, SCIC services, acute hospital services and community services are identified.

6 Title of the Thesis: Equal Treatment and Discrimination in Labor-Law Relationships Summary of the Thesis: The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the level of effectiveness of anti-discrimination law in labor-law relationships on the level of international, EU, and Czech national law. Next, if needed and based on the findings to propose effective and just changes of law or an adoption of extralegal measures. The structure of the thesis corresponds to its aims. In the first chapter, basic terms used in the anti-discrimination law area are defined. In the second chapter, I introduce the (for me) most compelling conception of moral justification of the prohibition of discrimination in any normative system. The thesis includes this chapter because an express elaboration of such a conception is a necessary starting point for the formulation of a just solution to discrimination. The third chapter describes, analyzes and partly also criticizes the valid law on the above mentioned three levels of law (international, EU, Czech). In the fourth chapter, I mention methods by the use of which one can estimate the extent of discrimination in certain area. I reach a conclusion that the extent of discrimination is significant, in particular with respect to the discrimination of older people (over 50 or 55 years old),...

Graduation thesis "Utilization of Japanese Traditions in Missionary Work: The Beginning of Evangelization in Japan" above all disserts on the first Christian missionaries in Japan and on their ways of adaptation to Japanese cultural conditions. It aims mainly at missionary work of the Jesuit missionaries in the 16th and at the beginning of the 17th century. The thesis mentions (for familiarization) an overview of spiritual traditions and religious streams. It also refers about the propagation of Christianity since the 19th century until the last few decades and outlines the relation of Christianity and traditional Japanese spiritual streams.

The relationship between accommodation and myopia has been under investigation for many years, and the effort to understand it is ongoing. In this thesis, an introduction to the state of myopia research is given first, with particular reference to studies of accommodation and higher-order ocular aberrations, which feature in the subsequent chapters. Following a brief introduction to the general technique of aberrometry and visual stimulus control using adaptive optics, the development of a monocular adaptive optics instrument for this purpose is described. The instrument is used to vary a dioptric stimulus and record the accommodation response in pilot studies and a detailed experiment, which has also been published elsewhere. It is found, among other things, that accommodation can respond to more than one different input level during its latency period, and that such inputs can be stored until components of the accommodation control system are free to process them. Indications of a minimum halting time for accommodation, of around 0.6 s, are presented. In later chapters, the development and testing of a new, binocular adaptive optics apparatus will be found. As well as binocular aberrometry and adaptive optics control of stimulus aberrations, this instrument displaces images to allow for and stimulate ocular convergence in binocular accommodation experiments. It is the first instrument in the world with its combined functionalities. Finally, the contribution of this thesis is summarised, and further instrumentation development and experiments are put forward for the continuation of this branch of accommodation and myopia research.

Tourist destinations have been under a significantly growing interest of academia from the second half of the 20th century. The underlying patterns that are shared by destinations’ past, and shapes their future constitute a good share for the context of this interest. This study applies Butler’s Tourist Area Life-Cycle model to an urban tourism destination, Umeå. The model puts the life of a tourism area (destination) on an s-curve and defines several stages on the curve with designated features. Application of the model to the case of Umeå is limited to accommodation branch of the hospitality industry to apply a comprehensive approach and it shows that the city is in the development stage for in this particular branch. However, there are some divergences in the case compared to the model. The capacity edge that causes pressure to the tourist destinations growth does not appear where the model expects, and some stage features appear to take place in a different sequence than the original model. Consequently, the study connects these divergences to the fact that Umeå is an urban destination and also offers a modified version of the model that might be a good alternative for applications on other urban tourist destinations.

Na missão jesuíta fundada no Japão a partir de 1549, alguns padres conquistaram destaque em virtude do seu trabalho individual de catequização e educação. Com a chegada de um maior número de missionários, o método de ação em relação ao trabalho doutrinário tomou formas e abordagens diferentes, de acordo com o jesuíta que as empregava e da experiência que era vivenciada. Nesse contexto, buscamos analisar as questões que foram levantas sobre a língua japonesa dentro da metodologia de trabalho compreendida como de acomodação cultural, a adaptação do religioso europeu à cultura local, que então se consolidava como opção viável para a missionação na região. Dessa maneira, selecionamos para análise relatos, cartas e tratados de três missionários jesuítas que representam diferentes fases da presença jesuítica em território japonês: Gaspar Vilela (1526-1572) e o primeiro momento da campanha, caracterizado pela experimentação, sendo que a missão ainda não estava consolidada e a cultura japonesa em geral causava estranheza aos missionários, que não conseguiam se comunicar com eficiência e recorriam a intérpretes, que tampouco eram exatos na tradução; Alessandro Valignano (1539-1606) e uma postura oficial quanto à adoção de uma política de adaptação cultural e o aprofundamento do caráter educacional, em um momento em que a compreensão do idioma japonês já era entendida como de vital importância para o sucesso na conversão e pregação, estando estritamente vinculada a essa inovação metodológica; e João Rodrigues Tçuzu (1561-1633), com a sistematização e compreensão da língua em gramáticas e dicionários, que auxiliariam no ensino e aprendizagem da língua japonesa. Centramos-nos, para tanto, na fundação da missão até 1620, com a publicação da Arte Breve da Lingoa Iapoa. / In the Jesuit mission founded in Japan from 1549, some priests had prominence by their individual work of catechesis and education. With the arrival of a larger number of missionaries, the method of action regarding the doctrinal work has taken different forms and approaches, according to the Jesuit who took it and the experience that they were living. In this context, we analyzed the issues that were rising about the Japanese language, within the working methodology understood as cultural accommodation, the adaptation of the European religious to the local culture, which was consolidated as a viable option for this region. That way, we selected for analysis reports, letters and treatises of three Jesuit missionaries that represent different phases of the Jesuit presence in Japanese territory: Gaspar Vilela (1526-1572) and the first moment of the campaign, characterized by experimentation, when the mission was not consolidated yet and the Japanese culture in general caused strangeness to the missionaries, who were unable to communicate effectively and resorted to interpreters, which were not quite accurate in the translation; Alessandro Valignano (1539 -1606) and an official posture on the adoption of a cultural adaptation policy and development of the educational character, in a moment when the knowledge of the Japanese language was already seen as vital to the conversion and preaching success, being strictly linked to this methodological innovation; and João Rodrigues Tçuzu (1561-1633), with the systematization and understanding of the language in grammars and dictionaries, which would assist the teaching and learning of japanese . We are focused here on the founding of the mission until 1620, with the publication of Arte Breve da Lingoa Iapoa.

Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou verificar se as normas vigentes no Brasil para os alojamentos dos tripulantes de navios mercantes são efetivas em propiciar boas condições de habitabilidade e segurança. O processo utilizado para esta verificação foi o de comparar tais normas com recomendações e determinações de diversas fontes. A opção por este objeto de pesquisa se justifica uma vez que atualmente, após mais de duas décadas de decadência da indústria naval e da frota mercante brasileiras, há um grande número de navios em construção. Além disso, a vida útil dos navios é de aproximadamente trinta anos, o que significa que a inadequação das normas segundo as quais são construídos implicaria em consequências de longo prazo e difíceis de serem revertidas, em função da complexidade dos navios. Por outro lado, a Organização Marítima Internacional e outras fontes citam o projeto dos alojamentos como um dos fatores que podem influenciar no aumento do número de casos e na intensidade da fadiga entre os tripulantes, com reflexos na incidência de erros humanos e, consequentemente, de acidentes marítimos. Um indicador da existência de deficiências na configuração dos espaços de alojamento é o número de acidentes pessoais neles ocorridos, relativamente alto quando comparado com o das áreas de trabalho e operação da embarcação, onde o risco de acidentes é consideravelmente maior. A confrontação das normas vigentes no Brasil com recomendações e determinações das diversas fontes consultadas evidenciou que estas admitem condições mais desfavoráveis do que as aceitas para embarcações destinadas a fins especiais e em navios de algumas marinhas de guerra. Ademais, sua análise revelou que não especificam os níveis considerados apropriados ao conforto térmico, acústico, iluminação e vibrações, o que indica que estão desatualizadas e aponta para a necessidade de sua revisão com base em estudos atuais. / This Master\'s dissertation presents the results of research which seeks to establish whether the prevailing standards for crew accommodation in merchant shipping in Brazil is effective in providing good conditions of habitability and safety. The verification process used was to compare such standards with recommendations and requirements from several different sources. The justification for this choice of research is that following more than two decades of decline in the shipbuilding sector and the Brazilian merchant navy, there are now a large number of ships once more under construction in indigenous shipyards. Since ships have a useful life of approximately thirty years, this means failure to adhere to construction standards would imply long term consequences, difficult to revert in the light of the complexity of vessels. Conversely, the International Maritime Organization as well as other sources, cites the onboard accommodation project as one of the factors that can impact the number of cases of fatigue and its intensity among crew members. This in turn is reflected in the level of human error and consequently, maritime accidents. One indicator of deficiencies in accommodation configuration is the number of personal accidents that occur in them, relatively high compared with onboard working and operational areas where risk of accidents is considerably greater. The comparison of the prevailing standards in Brazil with recommendations and requirements of several sources which have been consulted, revealed that these tolerate conditions which are less favorable than those acceptable in special purpose vessels and in the ships of some navies. Additionally, comparison showed that standards prevailing in Brazil fail to specify the levels deemed appropriate for thermal and acoustic comfort, lighting and vibration. The indication is that such are out-of-date - pointing to a need for review based on current studies.