Acyl carrier protein plays an essential role in bacterial fatty acid synthesis and has been recognized as an attractive new antibiotic target. In a previous study using TAP tagged ACP, we identified two ACP binding partners not directly involved in lipid metabolism, AidB and SpoT, that showed increased binding to ACP in stationary phase. In the current project, we found that the increase in binding of SpoT, a stringent response protein, to ACP appears to be due to increased affinity. In contrast, the increase in binding of AidB, an adaptive response protein, appears to be due to increased expression of AidB. Transformation of SpoT-TAP strains with pGEX-ACP vectors followed by purification revealed that SpoT interacts with wild type ACP, but not with ACP mutants that neutralized helix II or cannot fold properly. We used a far western approach to confirm the direct interaction between ACP and AidB in vitro. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that interaction of ACP with SpoT is highly specific and may reflect a regulatory role for ACP, while that with AidB might reflect non-specific interactions.

La coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les Etats ACP a officiellement commencé depuis le Traité de Rome de 1957 à travers les différentes conventions internationales (Yaoundé, Lomé et Cotonou. Cette coopération n'a pas fondamentalement changé de nature malgré les nombreux changements apportés. L'ouverture très large aux Etats ACP d'une relation initialement limitée aux anciennes colonies françaises, n'a pas eu d'impact sur le caractère inégalitaire de ce type de rapport comme en témoigne l'insertion de clauses de constitutionnalité politique et financière de plus en plus contraignantes. Il en découle que les mécanismes de coopération s'emboîtent les uns dans les autres et que leur bon fonctionnement ou tout simplement leur fonctionnement normal demeure subordonné à des considérations politiques, ou plutôt géopolitiques pour ne pas dire à des conditions idéologiques. Il va sans dire que malgré le phénomène de mondialisation et l'ouverture de l'Afrique à de nouveaux partenaires essentiellement ceux des pays émergents, la coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les Etats ACP en particulier le Sénégal, conserve, plus de cinq décennies après les indépendances une empreinte néo coloniale. L'aide publique au développement essentielle se réduit comme peau de chagrin dans la mesure ou l'Union européenne ne semble plus se préoccupée des questions de développement des pays ACP dont le Sénégal. La diminution du montant du 10éme FED vient apporter un éclairage sur ce manque d'intérêt affiché par l'Europe.Cette coopération s'appuie désormais sur certains grands principes imposés par l'Union Européenne pour mieux asseoir sa suprématie à l'effet de maintenir ces Etats dans une sorte de dépendance.La question de la dette qui est au coeur même de cette question est plus que d'actualité dans la mesure ou elle constitue un moyen de pression de l'Europe pour dicter certaines conduites aux Etats ACP.Ces difficultés ont en partie obligés les pays ACP à se tourner de plus en plus vers d'autres partenaires moins regardant sur certaines questions tenant aux droits de l'Homme, aux libertés publique, et à la démocratie. IL s'agit principalement de la Chine, de l'Inde, du Brésil qui sont de nouveaux acteurs sur la scène internationale et qui prennent beaucoup de place jadis occupée par l'Union Européenne.Pour reprendre sa place, l'Union Européenne doit régler certaines questions liées à la dette, aux constitutionnalités politiques et économiques. Les conséquences des programmes d'ajustement structurels sont toujours ressenties comme un échec de la politique de l'Union Européenne au niveau des pays ACP.Dés lors, méme avec l'avènement de nouveaux acteurs non-étatiques, la coopération entre l'Union Européenne et les Etats ACP dont le Sénégal mérite d'être repensée pour que les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement puissent être atteints. / Cooperation between the European Union and the ACP States officially started since the Treaty of Rome in 1957 through various international conventions (Yaoundé, Lomé and Cotonou. Such cooperation has not fundamentally changed in nature despite the many changes. The large opening of the ACP relationship initially limited to former French colonies, had no impact on the inequality of this type of relationship as evidenced by the inclusion of constitutional clauses political and financial increasingly stringent. It follows that the cooperation mechanisms fit into each other and their proper functioning or simply normal operation remains subject to political considerations, or rather not to say geopolitical conditions ideological . It goes without saying that despite the phenomenon of globalization and the opening up of Africa to new partners mainly in emerging countries, cooperation between the European Union and the ACP States in particular Senegal, retains more than five decades after independence neo-colonial footprint. official development assistance is essential reduced to a trickle in the measure or the European Union seems more concerned about development issues in ACP countries including Senegal. Reducing the amount the 10th EDF has shed light on the lack of interest shown by Europe.This cooperation is now based on certain principles imposed by the European Union to better establish its supremacy to maintain the effect of these states in a kind of addiction.The issue of debt is at the heart of this issue is more than relevant in so far as it is a means to pressure Europe to dictate certain behaviors ACP States.These difficulties have forced some ACP countries to turn increasingly to other partners looking less on certain issues to human rights, public freedoms, and democracy. IT is mainly from China, India, Brazil are new actors on the international scene and take up much space once occupied by the European Union.To take his place, the European Union must address some issues related to debt, constitutionnalités political and economic. Consequences of structural adjustment programs are still perceived as a failure of the policy of the European Union and ACP.From then on, same with the advent of new non-state actors, the cooperation between the European Union and the ACP States, including Senegal should be rethought for the Millennium Development can be achieved.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit public : Reims : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 348-379.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Th. Etat--Droit--Grenoble, 1984. Titre de soutenance : Lomé, une nouvelle coopération douanière. / Bibliogr. p. 681-718.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an alternative certification program on the retention of teachers in Region 20, Texas, as reported by Education Service Center, Region 20, Texas. Demographic variables were used to determine association with retention rates. Additionally, the study provided qualitative data and information that assisted in explaining the retention rates of Teacher Orientation and Preparation Program (TOPP) participants. A mixed methods research, utilizing logistic regression and a survey interview instrument, was used to determine retention rates as well as variables that influence retention rates of TOPP participants. A total of 537 TOPP participants were analyzed. Additionally, a sub-sample of 10 participants was interviewed. The study provides an analysis of the following demographic variables: ethnicity, gender, current grade type (elementary ??PK-5, middle school ??6-8, and high school ??9-12), and current socioeconomic level (as determined by the percent of children who qualify for free and reduced lunch programs). Of the four demographic variables analyzed, none was found to have an association with retention rates. A number of other variables were found to have an impact on the retention of the teachers interviewed in the sub-sample. Those variables included personal commitment to the field of education or the kids, a mentor, team support, administrative support, and new teacher induction programs. The implications from the findings of this research study are numerous and can have an effect in areas such as teacher hiring practices, teacher retention practices, and teacher preparation programs. It is important to note that the researcher recommends that expert opinions be sought and further research be conducted on teacher retention and teacher preparation programs before any recommendations for change are made.

YchM is the sole E. coli member of the SLC26 superfamily of anion transporters, which are characterized by an N-terminal transport domain and a C-terminal cytosolic STAS (Sulphate Transporter and Anti-Sigma factor antagonist) domain. In a previous study, the STAS domain of YchM co-purified and crystallized with acyl carrier protein (ACP). In this study, analysis of the ACP-STAS interaction using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed that the 4’phosphopantetheine of ACP and R523 and R527 of the STAS are crucial for binding. The binding constant for the ACP-STAS interaction was found to be 0.7 +/- 0.1 μM. The potential role of YchM for pH regulation and fatty acid degradation studied in vivo indicated that a) YchM does not provide selective advantage for growth in alkaline pH and b) YchM was not essential for cell growth, even when fatty acids were the sole carbon source.

YchM is the sole E. coli member of the SLC26 superfamily of anion transporters, which are characterized by an N-terminal transport domain and a C-terminal cytosolic STAS (Sulphate Transporter and Anti-Sigma factor antagonist) domain. In a previous study, the STAS domain of YchM co-purified and crystallized with acyl carrier protein (ACP). In this study, analysis of the ACP-STAS interaction using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed that the 4’phosphopantetheine of ACP and R523 and R527 of the STAS are crucial for binding. The binding constant for the ACP-STAS interaction was found to be 0.7 +/- 0.1 μM. The potential role of YchM for pH regulation and fatty acid degradation studied in vivo indicated that a) YchM does not provide selective advantage for growth in alkaline pH and b) YchM was not essential for cell growth, even when fatty acids were the sole carbon source.

Submitted by Felipe Lapenda (felipe.lapenda@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T14:16:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE ZILURDES FONSECA LOPES.pdf: 14894118 bytes, checksum: f840c9480c046d9e841a11a86b03330a (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T14:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE ZILURDES FONSECA LOPES.pdf: 14894118 bytes, checksum: f840c9480c046d9e841a11a86b03330a (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A mudança hidroclimática tem sido analisada por diferentes pesquisadores no mundo levando em consideração a variação climática, fatores antrópicos e características físicas da bacia hidrográfica. Este estudo teve como objetivo detectar tendência e modos oscilatórios dominantes nas séries de precipitação e vazão na bacia do rio São Francisco e também verificar se a ação antrópica pode transformar a forçante atmosférica sobre a precipitação e vazão a fim de verificar se há mudanças hidroclimática na bacia. Os componentes de tendências e modos oscilatórios que compõem o sinal da série de precipitação e vazão foram extraídos por meio da técnica de Análise Espectral Singular. A Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada para regionalizar as séries de precipitação e vazão. Na parte alta da bacia observou-se tendência de aumento de precipitação enquanto que o Médio e Submédio São Francisco indicaram tendência decrescente nos dados de precipitação. Os modos oscilatórios da escala intrasazonal são os principais que causam precipitação no Médio São Francisco, no entanto essa escala foi dominada pela escala interanual e decadal. Na parte alta da bacia, foram observadas oscilações frequentes de modo de 12, 6, 18 e 24 meses como parte do sinal da dinâmica base. O Submédio São Francisco apresentou como principais modos oscilatórios, depois do modo de doze meses, os de três a sete anos e também aqueles de escala temporal decadal. Os modos oscilatórios detectados nas séries de vazão foram aqueles da escala intrasazonal, interanual e decadal em todas as regiões da bacia. Quanto à regionalização, a bacia foi regionalizada em cinco regiões. Três regiões foram formadas por características comuns devido a fatores atmosféricos e uma região, composta apenas por postos de vazão com características de ação antrópica, nos municípios. Em geral, não foi observado mudança de regime de precipitação nas regiões do rio São Francisco. Quanto a vazão, percebeu-se decréscimos nos dados fluviométricos, principalmente após a década de 80, nas regiões do Médio, Submédio e Baixo São Francisco.

Les règles d'origine sont employées pour définir l'endroit où un produit était manufacturé. Pour comprendre l'évolution du commerce, particulièrement lorsqu'il s'agit des accords unilatéraux et bilatéraux, la connaissance des règles d'origine préférentielles et le cumul est nécessaire. Les règles d'origine préférentielles jouent un rôle légitime dans la prévention des déviations commerciales. L'UE a le plus grand nombre d'accords commerciaux préférentiels avec un niveau élevé d'harmonisation des lois d'origine, par exemple l'accord économique d'association (EPA) pour 78 pays ACP et le système du cumul pour l'Euromed. Comme nous savons, la subvention pour le produit d'agriculture tel que le sucre de l'UE et le coton des Etats-Unis sont la raison principale qui cause la pauvreté des PMA. Ainsi, les objets principaux de cette dissertation est veulent trouver : Est-ce que l'UE emploie vraiment sincèrement les règles d'origine préférentielles pour aider les PMA ou veut juste garder leurs avantages coloniaux historiques? Pourquoi les pays membre de l'UE contre la nouvelle politique de la commission à la CJUE après les plaignantes a pris la consultation à l'OMC par le même produit ? Comment les règles d'origine préférentielles de l'UE garde-t-elle l'harmonie avec leurs pays membres et les Etats membres de l'OMC? Pourrions-nous trouver une solution de s'améliorer ou remplacer les règles d'origine préférentielles de l'UE pour empêcher un autre cas se produire dans l'OMC et le CJCE pour le même produit? Nous trouverons la réponse à la conclusion. / Rules of origin are used to define the place where a product was manufactured. To understand the evolution of trade, especially in the cases of unilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the knowledge of the preferential rules of origin and cumulation is necessary.The preferential rules of origin play a legitimate part in the prevention of the commercial deviations. The EU has the largest number of preferential trade agreements with a high degree of harmonization of origin laws, for example the Economic Partnership Agreement （EPA） for 78 ACP countries and the system of cumulation for EURO-MED.As we know, the subsidiary for agriculture product such as sugar and cotton of EU and USA are the main reason which causes the poverty of LCDs. So, the mains purpose of this dissertation is want to find: Does EU really sincerely uses the preferential rules of origin （PROO） to help the LCDs or just want to keep their historical colonial benefits? Why the EU member against the EU commission's newly policy after the WTO member by the same product? How the EU PROO does keep harmony with their member countries and the WTO's member countries? Could we find a way to improve or replace the PROO of EU for the same product to prevent another case happen both in WTO and CJCE? We have found the answer at the Conclusion.