Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006. / Title from title page screen, viewed on June 8, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Margaret M. Nauta (chair), Mark E. Swerdlik, Jeffrey H. Kahn, Steven E. Landau, Kathleen J.S. Bergquist. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-152) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Wikstrӧm’s Situational Action Theory (SAT) proposes a general theory of crime causation that addresses two sets of interactions between individuals and their situation/environment. These interactions predict whether or not individuals choose a criminal action. The current study utilized self-report data on intimate partner violence collected at a large urban university in Florida (n=1124) to test this process by examining both direct and interactive effects proposed by the theory. Specifically, this study examines the direct effects of moral propensity, temptations/provocations, self-control and perpetual deterrence on intimate partner violence as well as the various interactions among them as derived from the theory. This study is the first complete test of SAT to date.

No description available.

Klassisk kriminologisk forskning fokuserar på antingen individbaserade eller miljörelaterade förklaringar till brottsliga handlingar. Situational Action Theory avser att föra samman dessa två synsätt för att bilda en integrerad kriminologiskhandlingsteori. Vad får Situational Action Theory för stöd i den kriminologiska forskningen? Vad finns för kritik? Och vad bör forskningen fokusera ytterligare på när det kommer till att testa teorin? Den forskning som finns tillgänglig och som jag presenterar i denna litteraturgenomgång visar att teorin får stöd i empirisk forskning. De flesta studier visar att teorin får bra stöd, några visar stöd för vissa delar av teorin medan andra delar av teorin inte får något stöd. Det står dock klartatt teorin bör vara föremål för framtida forskning för att kunna utvecklas och för att på ett förbättrat sätt kunna svara på frågan om vad det är som får individer att begå moraliska handlingar som i lagen definieras som brott.

The Hollenbeck and Klein (1987) expectancy-based model of goal commitment is revised to reflect current critiques in the literature. The model contains elements suggested by Eden (1988) which are designed to better integrate goal and expectancy theory. This revised model is used to examine the determinants of goal commitment in an incentive-paid workforce. Support was found for the antecedent relationship of trait expectancy and goal level to state expectancy. No support was found for the causality of any of the antecedent relationships to goal commitment at the individual level of analysis. The data were examined to determine if there were team effects present. Teams did affect the magnitude of some attitudinal measures and all but one of the correlations of concern to the hypotheses presented here. When the teams are considered as wholes, all but one of the research hypotheses are supported, although no determinations of causality can be made. The results are discussed, as are the limitations of the study and directions for future research. / Ph. D.

Kemikalier utgör idag ett hot för mänskligheten, framtagandet och användningen av kemikalier stiger i takt med samhällets ekonomiska utveckling. Kemikalier återfinns inte endast utomhus utan hittas också i konsumentprodukter som kosmetika. Kosmetika används dagligen och kemikalier som medför risker för både miljö och hälsa har hittats i dessa konsumentprodukter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka studenters riskuppfattning gällande kemikalier i kosmetika, vilka faktorer som influerar uppfattningen och om skyddsåtgärder vidtas. Tidigare forskning ger en inblick i individers riskuppfattning om kemikalier samt hälso- och miljöeffekter av kemikalier som återfinns i kosmetika. En kvalitativ metod har använts med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod och kvalitativ innehållsanalys som analysmetod. Riskuppfattningsteorierna habituated action theory och protection motivation theory. har använts som hjälpmedel för att tolka studiens resultat. Resultatet påvisar en koppling till tidigare forskning och teorier. Studenternas riskuppfattning påvisade en upplevelse av trygghet till kosmetikaprodukter inom olika aspekter och en delad riskuppfattning gällande kosmetikaföretagen. Oron för miljön, framtiden och de ”kemikalier” som återfinns i produkterna var högre än oron för potentiella hälsorisker med kemikalier i kosmetika. Riskuppfattningen influerades av rutiner, vanor och strukturer men förändrades av negativa upplevelser och interaktioner. Skyddsåtgärder vidtogs i det fallet individen upplevde ett hot eller en sårbarhet för kemikalier i kosmetika. / Chemicals today pose a threat to humanity, the development and use of chemicals increases in step with society's economic development. Chemicals are not only found outdoors but are also found in consumer products such as cosmetics. Cosmetics are used daily and chemicals that pose risks to both the environment and health have been found in these consumer products. The aim of the study is to investigate students' risk perception regarding chemicals in cosmetics, which factors that influence the perception and whether protective measures are taken. Previous research provides an insight into individuals' risk perception of chemicals and the health and environmental effects of chemicals found in cosmetics. A qualitative method has been used with semi-structured interviews as a data collection method and qualitative content analysis as an analysis method. The risk perception theories, habituated action theory and protection motivation theory has been used as an aid in interpreting the results of the study. The results showed a connection to previous research and theories. The students' perception of risk demonstrated an experience of security for the cosmetic products in various aspects and a split perception of risks regarding the cosmetics companies. Concerns about the environment, the future and the “chemicals” that are found in the products were higher than concerns about potential health risks of chemicals in cosmetics. The perception of risk was influenced by routines, habits and structures but changed by negative experiences and interactions. Protective measures were taken if the individual experienced a threat or a vulnerability to chemicals in cosmetics

An important event in people´s lives is graduating from high school, which opens new possibilities. One of them is to be able to move to a new place, whether it is within the same municipality, to another region or even another country. Several motives can affect the decision-making process in terms of where the individual chooses to move and why. The aim of this paper is to study these motives and how a decision can be explained with Weber’s social action theory and the push/pull-theory   The method used to investigate this subject is a survey study in terms of a questionnaire with high school students in Luleå municipality. The answers were thereafter analyzed in two parts. The first part by using quantitative methods to create statistics regarding the chosen population, how they rank different motives and their opinions regarding different factors. The second part of the questionnaire was analyzed with qualitative methods to investigate the answers on a more complex level since different factors are taken into account in the reasoning behind a decision.   The result of this study shows that the main motive for moving is further education and the main motive to stay is social motives like family and friends. Other motives also come into play in this complex decision making process, such as a change of environment to experience new things. Where and why people choose to move can also be explained by push/pull-factors where the current condition in Luleå municipality is fairly good concerning employment and education but does not have the program or courses they want to study at the university and this functions as a push-factor for some in the studied group. Family and friends function as the main pull-factor to stay and is sometimes given as the only motive to stay. Where they want to move is mainly metropolitan areas or larger cities in the south of Sweden with the given explanation that this would offer more possibilities with a wider range of higher education, meeting new friends, access to more entertainment and experiencing city life. This decision can also be explained by the social action theory regarding how the individual chooses to act and it is usually based on the goal-oriented type where the individual chooses to move to reach a set goal.

Twenty-five adolescents' ranking of a set of equally highly valued goals on a Paired-comparisons Survey was compared with what adolescents say they are doing to achieve those goals. Results of the Paired-comparisons Survey showed that adolescents ranked career, interpersonal, and educational goals rather high and reputation and self-presentation goals rather low. Results analyzed with a contingency coefficient and biserial correlation indicated that not all number one ranked goals had the same value for a particular adolescent, and that number one ranked goals were correlated with verbal reports of concrete actions directed at achieving those goals.