La thèse analyse l’implémentation des nouveaux programmes d’EPS et de SVT au Bénin dans le cadre de la réforme curriculaire selon l’approche par les compétences. Cette question est envisagée selon une approche comparative en termes de transposition didactique. Trois études emboitées structurent le travail empirique. La première caractérise les nouvelles matrices disciplinaires en EPS et en SVT à partir d’une analyse de contenus des documents officiels. La seconde s’intéresse aux points de vue des acteurs impliqués dans cette réforme depuis dix ans (inspecteurs, conseillers pédagogiques, enseignants). La troisième rend-compte, sous couvert de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique, des pratiques d’enseignement de 6 enseignants (3 en EPS : basket-ball et 3 en SVT : relations d’exploitation interspécifiques). Les résultats mettent en évidence les contraintes qui pèsent sur la mise en œuvre de ces nouveaux programmes. / This thesis is about the curriculum reform in physical education and biology as implemented in the Republic of Benin. The research is conveyed through a comparative approach and look at the didactical transposition. Three studies are conducted. The first one characterizes from a content analysis of official documents the new disciplinary matrix of the physical education curriculum and the biology curriculum. The second study concerns the discourses held by different actors (supervisors, mentors, and teachers) on the curriculum reform which began ten years ago. The last one is about the teaching practices of 6 teachers (3 in PE teaching basket-ball; 3 in Biology teaching predation and parasitism as inter species relations). The findings highlight the constraints that weight on the ways these new curricula are implemented in classroom.

Aborda a introdução do computador e da internet na sociedade e sua relação com o direito. Discorre sobre o uso da informática para a prática de crime, observando que o delito penal deixou de ser local e ganhou dimensões internacionais, porquanto seu resultado não se dê necessariamente no mesmo local onde foi praticada a conduta. Chama a atenção ao fato de que os princípios delimitadores da validade da lei penal no espaço podem não ser suficientes para dirimir eventuais conflitos de jurisdição, se interpretados como tradicionalmente se tem feito. Analisa e classifica as espécies de crimes informáticos de forma exemplificativa, bem como os agentes criminais da era digital. Reúne e comenta as leis e projetos de leis nacionais, bem como as leis estrangeiras e convenções sobre crimes informáticos. Ao final, aponta, em sede de conclusão, critério de solução para a resolução do conflito de jurisdição para os crimes praticados no ciberespaço, sugerindo, de lege ferenda, a persecução de uma lei dirimente de eventual conflito. / Discusses the advent of the computer and the internet in society and their relation with the law. Considers the use of information technology in committing crime, observing that a penal offence is no longer local, since it has acquired international dimensions. Therefore, its resolution does not necessarily happen in the same locality where it was practiced. Draws attention to the fact that the principles that delimit the validity of the penal law might not be sufficient to dispel possible conflicts of jurisdiction, if interpreted in the usual traditional way. By giving examples, it analyses and classifies types of electronic crimes as well as the criminal agents of the digital age. Gathers and comments laws and projects of law, both national and international, as well as conventions on electronic crimes. Finally, it presents criteria of solution for resolving the conflict of jurisdiction for crimes practiced in cyberspace, suggesting, of lege ferenda, the pursuit of a law which would eliminate such conflicts.

Aborda a introdução do computador e da internet na sociedade e sua relação com o direito. Discorre sobre o uso da informática para a prática de crime, observando que o delito penal deixou de ser local e ganhou dimensões internacionais, porquanto seu resultado não se dê necessariamente no mesmo local onde foi praticada a conduta. Chama a atenção ao fato de que os princípios delimitadores da validade da lei penal no espaço podem não ser suficientes para dirimir eventuais conflitos de jurisdição, se interpretados como tradicionalmente se tem feito. Analisa e classifica as espécies de crimes informáticos de forma exemplificativa, bem como os agentes criminais da era digital. Reúne e comenta as leis e projetos de leis nacionais, bem como as leis estrangeiras e convenções sobre crimes informáticos. Ao final, aponta, em sede de conclusão, critério de solução para a resolução do conflito de jurisdição para os crimes praticados no ciberespaço, sugerindo, de lege ferenda, a persecução de uma lei dirimente de eventual conflito. / Discusses the advent of the computer and the internet in society and their relation with the law. Considers the use of information technology in committing crime, observing that a penal offence is no longer local, since it has acquired international dimensions. Therefore, its resolution does not necessarily happen in the same locality where it was practiced. Draws attention to the fact that the principles that delimit the validity of the penal law might not be sufficient to dispel possible conflicts of jurisdiction, if interpreted in the usual traditional way. By giving examples, it analyses and classifies types of electronic crimes as well as the criminal agents of the digital age. Gathers and comments laws and projects of law, both national and international, as well as conventions on electronic crimes. Finally, it presents criteria of solution for resolving the conflict of jurisdiction for crimes practiced in cyberspace, suggesting, of lege ferenda, the pursuit of a law which would eliminate such conflicts.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-05T15:29:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão para entrega final-ajustado 13out14 (1).pdf corrigida.pdf: 1805774 bytes, checksum: 4375dba35f1dfd2814a4555cbb501972 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T15:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão para entrega final-ajustado 13out14 (1).pdf corrigida.pdf: 1805774 bytes, checksum: 4375dba35f1dfd2814a4555cbb501972 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-12 / Este trabalho focou sobre os conceitos de mundo comportamental e as formas de comprometimento, propostos prioritariamente na literatura por Chris Argyris e Donald Schön, além do uso destes conceitos na forma aplicada de um questionário avaliativo, que, por decorrência lógica, define o ambiente organizacional. Para tal, foram caracterizadas as condições típicas de organizações saudáveis e os padrões de comunicação interativos das pessoas, numa leitura evolutiva, a partir das obras de Chris Argyris e Donald Schön. No tratamento de adequação e validade do questionário, foram efetuados dois levantamentos, em dois macrogrupos diferentes: (1) um primeiro grupo de trinta e um gerentes de uma instituição privada, os quais avaliaram a sua própria organização e (2) um segundo grupo de gerentes ou coordenadores de equipes ou projetos, o qual foi subdividido em dois outros grupos – gestores públicos e privados –, dando um total de trinta e seis participantes, os quais avaliaram o ambiente organizacional de um filme comercial. Diante da avaliação estatística pelo teste de Alfa de Cronbach, o questionário recebeu nota geral em consistência de 0,9443 – excelente. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas nas respostas quando comparando homens e mulheres, bem como os tipos de gestores. O questionário proposto se torna relevante por ser um instrumento de diagnóstico que se propõe a ser a base de uma reflexão coletiva entre o interveniente e a organização. / This dissertation aimed on the concepts of behavioral world and internal and external commitments, which were proposed mainly by Chris Argyris and also by Donald Schön, as well as their use in the format of a questionnaire, which by logical consequence evaluate the organizational environment. In order to do so, there were characterized basic organizational characteristics for them to be considered healthy, communicative and interactive people’s patterns, using an evolutionary base from Achris Argyris and Donald Schön points of view. When evaluating adequancy and validity of the questionnaire, two different groups were the subjects of this research: (1) one of them were thirty-one managers from a private institution who evaluated the company they work for and (2) a group of thirty six managers or coordinators of projects or teams, which were divided in other two groups – private and public managers – who have evaluated the organizational environment of commercial film. A pre-test was run with five specialists on Action Theory or Humans studies aiming a semantic consistency. The questionnaire had a 0,9443 grade – excellent – by Cronbach Alfa statistical test for its consistency. There was no significant difference on responses between men and women or among different kinds of managers. This questionnaire is important because it is designed to be an instrument for collective conversation between the intervenior and the organization’s individuals.

What are the key antecedents, factors and moderators that influence environmentally friendly and socially responsible consumer behaviour? Individual consumers buy products and services not only for their intrinsic satisfactory functionalities. They make their consumption choices also because of specific extrinsic products/service abilities to affirm their lifestyle choice, i.e. enhance their self-concepts and satisfy their psychological needs. Given that despite the recent increase of interest in sustainable consumer behaviour, little is known on sustainable consumer aspirations, this study aims at filling the research gap in this area of academic research. This study investigates ad hoc literature in Lifestyle Strategic Marketing, Branding, Social Psychology and Self-Concept Theory applicable in Green and Fair Trade Operational Marketing . Mixed research methods are used in three distinct studies: (a) laboratory experiment, (b) SurveyMonkeyTM online questionnaire analyzed quantitatively, and (c) SPSS and SEM software data management and analysis. They are conducted in France and based on the common research models, i.e. the Theory of reasoned action (TRA) founded by Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) and the Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) coined by Ajzen (1991). Specific attitudes towards environmentally friendly and fair-trade products and services are derived from Value sets, Awareness of Consequences beliefs and Environmental Concern evaluations; therefore in the third partial study we adapt the research model proposed by Hansla et al. (2008). In all of them is employed a convenience sampling method that allows to gather between 109 and 350 respondents. Results allow for identification of salient factors influencing consumer purchasing intention and willingness to adopt and pay for both environmentally friendly and socially responsible products and/or services.

Studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur ledarskap med lärambitioner kan förstås och utövas. Den tar avstamp i tidigare forskning om ledaren som underlättare av lärprocesser samt forskning kring villkor för att leda med lärambitioner, använder begreppen lärorienterat ledarskap, lärande, identitet och metafor som förståelseverktyg samt konstruktivism och handlingsteori med fokus på erfarenhetslärande som teoretiska utgångspunkter.  Det är en kvalitativ studie med en interaktiv forskningsansats. Analysmaterialet kom från en fokusgrupp som träffades vid två tillfällen samt fem skriftliga individuella berättelser. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och metaforanalys. Resultatet innefattar en utvidgad definition av begreppet lärorienterat ledarskap, villkor för och utmaningar med att leda med lärambitioner, formande händelser för den egna identiteten som lärambitiös ledare samt deltagarnas självbild idag som ledare med lärambitioner. Slutsatser från arbetet inkluderar att ledarskap med lärambitioner bedrivs i både utbildningsinsatser och via utförandet av arbetsuppgifter i en verksamhet. Så länge fokus är på verksamhetsnytta. Ledarskap med lärambitioner innebär ett strategiskt ledarskap med effektivitetstänkande som främst handlar om att leda utvecklingsorienterat lärande i produktionens logik.  Ledarskap med lärambitioner handlar om att leda förståelse hos andra, och underlättas av att både ledare och verksamhet har kunskap och intresse av lärteori, att ledaren själv besitter kunskapsstatus, självtrygghet och agerar lärande föredöme. Ledarskapet fungerar som ett verktyg för individen att skapa mening och identitet för sig själv. En avgörande förmåga är att kunna leda sin egen förståelseprocess så att de erfarenheter man kontinuerligt får blir förståerliga både för sig själv och de man leder. Denna förståelse skapar också till dels de egna arbetsvillkoren. Ledarskap med lärambitioner rymmer påverkanshandlingar på både direkta och indirekta pedagogiska ingripanden, och med både fostrande- och möjliggörande ansats. Även om deltagarna i studien identifierar sig mer med den möjliggörande ansatsen. Det gör det svårare att uppmärksamma s.k. negativt lärande. Om ledaren med lärambitioner i större grad inkluderade övertygande samtal och kritisk granskning i sitt görande, och identifierade sig även med en likriktande och kontrollerande ansats i sitt ledarskap, så skulle hen kunna få ökad påverkansmöjlighet i sitt ledarskap. / The study aims to contribute with knowledge about how leadership with learning ambitions can be understood and practiced. It builds on previous research on the leader as a facilitator of learning processes and on conditions for leading with learning ambitions. The study uses learning-oriented leadership, learning, identity, metaphor as tools for understanding, and constructivism and action theory with a focus on experience learning as theoretical departure points. It is a qualitative study with an interactive research approach. The material for analysis came from a focus group that met twice, as well as five written individual stories. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis and metaphor analysis. The result includes an extended definition of learning-oriented leadership, prerequisites for and challenges of leading with learning ambitions, shaping events of the participants identities as leaders interested in learning, participants' self-image today as leaders with learning ambitions and their own experience of participating in this study. Conclusions of the work include that leadership with learning ambitions can be pursued in both education and through the execution of everyday working tasks: as long as the focus is on creating business benefits. It is a strategic leadership with high efficiency mindset, that its mainly about leading developmental-oriented learning in a logic of production. Leadership with learning ambitions is about leading understanding of others. It is facilitated by if both the leader and the business have knowledge of learning theory, and if the leader her/himself possesses knowledge status, self-security and acts as a learning model. Leadership with learning ambitions serves as a tool for the individual to create meaning and identity for her- or himself. An important capability of a leader with learning ambitions is to lead her/his own process of understanding so that experiences that one continually receives can be understood, both for the leader her/himself and the people lead. This understanding partly creates the leader’s own working conditions.  Leadership with learning ambitions holds advocacy actions through both direct and indirect educational interventions, and with both an educative and an enabling approach, although identification with the enabling approach was higher. This in itself makes it harder to pay attention to so called negative learning. Leaders with learning ambitions would most likely recieve a higher degree of impact at work if they included more of conveys and critical reviews, and identified stronger with a rectifying and controlling approach in their leadership.

Orientador: Jackson Gois da Silva / Resumo: A aprendizagem de alunos de licenciatura é de fundamental importância no processo formativo desses futuros profissionais e o estágio curricular supervisionado é parte central nessa aprendizagem. O estágio curricular supervisionado foi introduzido nas disciplinas das licenciaturas a fim de propiciar aos licenciandos a vivência do cotidiano escolar, com a intenção de prepará-los melhor para seu futuro profissional. Durante as atividades de estágio da Licenciatura em Química, os licenciandos utilizam conceitos químicos na elaboração e aplicação de seus projetos de estágio e o fazem juntamente com os saberes docentes. Assim, o estágio se constitui na elaboração de concepções acerca da docência, bem como na reelaboração do conhecimento químico direcionado para a prática docente, o que possibilita uma formação profissional mais concreta. Uma importante habilidade relacionada às áreas científicas é a argumentação científica, pois é através dela que o conhecimento científico é validado, seja em sala de aula e em todas as instâncias da sociedade. Em nosso trabalho, buscamos saber se as reflexões proporcionadas pelas atividades do estágio da Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública paulista influenciam na habilidade de argumentação científica dos alunos, através da aplicação de questionário e gravações em vídeos das reuniões de estágio, análise dos projetos e de relatórios dos licenciandos. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo, assim, utilizamos a análise textual discursiva p... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The learning of undergraduate students is of fundamental importance in the training process of these future professionals and the supervised curricular internship is a central part of this learning. The supervised internship was introduced in the disciplines of undergraduate courses in order to provide graduates with the experience of school daily, with the intention of preparing them better for their professional future. During the internship activities of the undergraduate degree in chemistry, undergraduates use chemical concepts in the elaboration and application of their internship projects, and do so together with the teaching knowledge. Thus, the internship is constituted in the elaboration of conceptions about teaching, as well as in the re-elaboration of the chemical knowledge directed to the teaching practice, what allows a more concrete professional formation. An important skill related to scientific areas is scientific argumentation, because it is through it that scientific knowledge is validated, whether in the classroom and in all instances of society. In our work, we seek to find out if the reflections provided by the activities of the degree in chemistry at a public university in São Paulo influence the ability of students to make scientific arguments, through the application of questionnaires and video recordings of internship meetings, project analysis and undergraduate reports. The research is of a qualitative character, therefore, we use discursive textual ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Då det inträffar allt fler terroristattacker runt om i världen och terrorismen har kommit att bli ett av de största hoten mot den nationella säkerheten i modern tid, är det av stor vikt att försöka förstå och motverka uppkomsten av terrorism. En strategi för att förhindra framtida terroristattacker är att ligga steget före och på så sätt förhindra attacker innan de inträffar. Profilering av ledare för terroristorganisationer kan vara ett sätt för polis, militär och underrättelsetjänster att på förhand få indicier på att något är på väg att hända och därmed utveckla åtgärder för att förhindra det. Att kartlägga och förstå hur en ledare tänker och beter sig kan vara avgörande i förhindrandet av framtida attacker och motverkandet av terroristorganisationer. Betydelsen av en ledare har visat sig vara av stor vikt gällande beslutsfattandet inom en grupp eller organisation. Politisk personlighetsprofilering av ledargestalter är en slags kartläggning av en ledares personlighet från vilket man sedan kan göra prediktioner om framtida beteende och beslut. Denna uppsats har utgått ifrån antagandet om att motiv kan förklara ledargestalters beslut och beteende. Politisk personlighetsprofilering av ledargestalter kan mycket väl användas i förebyggandet av framtida terroristattacker om det sker utifrån antagandet om att prediktion syftar till att beskriva att X ökar risken för Y. Det går följaktligen att förutsäga mänskligt beteende om det talas i termer av risker och sannolikheter. / As it occur an increasing number terrorist attacks around the world, and terrorism has become one of the greatest threats against the national security in modern times, it is of great importance to try to understand and constrain the appearance of terrorism. A strategy to prevent future terrorist attacks is to stay one step ahead and thus prevent attacks before they occur. Profiling of leaders of terrorist organizations may be a way for the police, military and intelligence services, to get indications that something is about to happen, and thereby be able to implement interventions to prevent the attacks. To identify and understand how leaders think and behave can be crucial in the prevention of future attacks and the destruction of terrorist organizations. The importance of a leader has been proved to be of great importance regarding the decision making process within a group or organization. Political personality profiling of leading figures is a kind of description of a leader's personality from which one can make predictions about future behavior and decisions. This thesis is based on the assumption that motives can help to explain the behavior and the decisions of a leader. Political personality profiling of leading figures could very well be used in the prevention of future terrorists attacks if it’s based on the assumption that predictions refers to X increase the risk for Y. So it is possible to predict human behavior if one talks in terms of risks and probabilities.

It is of importance to direct resources to prevention since crime is costly both for the offender, possible victims and of society and its citizens at large. In general, prevention programs and the types of interventions are not well understood. It is therefore of necessity to find and study potential causal mechanisms that could aid and enable better preventive measures. This study investigates such mechanisms by testing one of the key aspects of the Situational Action Theory: the perception-choice process. This study relies on data gathered within the frames of Malmö Individual and Neighbourhood Development study (MINDS). Through scenario research and self-reported crime data the correspondence between criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours are investigated. Relevant personal and situational characteristics are examined in order to provide insights about crime propensity and the role of motivation and controls in intended and actual action outcomes. The result show that Swedish adolescents’ criminal intentions correspond with self-reported actual criminal behaviours to a large extent. The result further indicates clear tendencies of correspondence between level of propensity and prevalence of criminal intentions and actual criminal behaviours.

The main aim of this study is to explain adolescent offending variety by their parental country of birth. In doing so, the independent effect size and proportion of variance of two core elements of Situational Action Theory (SAT) – propensity and lifestyle risk – on offending variety are examined by immigrant background and gender. Although previous studies produced plenty of support to key assumption of SAT, no study so far measured offending variety as dependent variable. Analyses are based on self-reported data collected for Malmö Individual and Neighborhood Development Study (MINDS) during 2011-12, when the adolescent attained the age between 16 and 17. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression is run to examine the magnitude of effect and proportion of variance. Strong relation of offending variety separately with propensity and lifestyle risk was identified. Contrary to current scholarship on immigrant crime in Sweden, adolescent with immigrant parents are found at no more risk to engage in self-reported delinquency than the natives. Gender difference remains as a strong predictor of offending variety, especially for the immigrant group. This research reveals similarities in magnitude of effects of criminal propensity and lifestyle risks on offending variety, regardless of adolescents’ parental country of birth. Yet, propensity is a stronger predictor for delinquency variety than the lifestyle risks. This confirms applicability of the core elements of SAT, regardless of adolescents’ parental country of birth.