Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-194).

A presente tese pretende elaborar um modelo libertário em criminologia psicanalítica, buscando uma articulação entre a criminologia psicanalítica e o paradigma criminológico da reação social. Assim, pretende-se construir uma criminologia psicanalítica que, em vez de questionar-se sobre o que leva a pessoa a cometer o crime, associando criminalidade e psicopatologia, coloque seu ferramental teórico a serviço da desconstrução e deslegitimação do sistema punitivo. Ademais, a tese aborda aspectos propriamente clínicos, traçando encaminhamentos para a constituição de uma clínica psicanalítica da vulnerabilidade, tendente a propiciar o fortalecimento do indivíduo perante o sistema punitivo. Para tanto, a tese realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as obras de Sigmund Freud e seus discípulos imediatos, a fim de demonstrar que o modelo criminológico legitimante da punição não se coaduna com a psicanálise freudiana. A partir dessa constatação e da colocação dos desafios consubstanciados no advento do paradigma da reação social, a tese traça encaminhamentos para a instrumentalização da psicanálise em direção à crítica das práticas punitivas institucionais. / This thesis aims to develop a libertarian model in psychoanalytic criminology, seeking a link between the psychoanalytic criminology and the criminological paradigm of social reaction. Thus, the thesis aims to built a psychoanalytic criminology that, instead of questioning about what drives a person to commit the crime, linking crime and psychopathology, puts its theoretical tools in service of the deconstruction and the delegitimization of the punitive system. Moreover, the thesis addresses properly clinical subjects, tracing referrals to the constitution of a \"psychoanalytic clinic of vulnerability\", aimed at providing the empowerment of the individual before the punitive system. Therefore, the thesis makes a review on the works of Sigmund Freud and his immediate disciples, in order to demonstrate that the criminological model that legitimates punishment is inconsistent with Freudian psychoanalysis. Based on this findings and placing the challenges embodied in the advent of the paradigm of social reaction, the thesis traces referrals to the instrumentalization of psychoanalysis toward the critic of institutional punitive practices.

Aborda a introdução do computador e da internet na sociedade e sua relação com o direito. Discorre sobre o uso da informática para a prática de crime, observando que o delito penal deixou de ser local e ganhou dimensões internacionais, porquanto seu resultado não se dê necessariamente no mesmo local onde foi praticada a conduta. Chama a atenção ao fato de que os princípios delimitadores da validade da lei penal no espaço podem não ser suficientes para dirimir eventuais conflitos de jurisdição, se interpretados como tradicionalmente se tem feito. Analisa e classifica as espécies de crimes informáticos de forma exemplificativa, bem como os agentes criminais da era digital. Reúne e comenta as leis e projetos de leis nacionais, bem como as leis estrangeiras e convenções sobre crimes informáticos. Ao final, aponta, em sede de conclusão, critério de solução para a resolução do conflito de jurisdição para os crimes praticados no ciberespaço, sugerindo, de lege ferenda, a persecução de uma lei dirimente de eventual conflito. / Discusses the advent of the computer and the internet in society and their relation with the law. Considers the use of information technology in committing crime, observing that a penal offence is no longer local, since it has acquired international dimensions. Therefore, its resolution does not necessarily happen in the same locality where it was practiced. Draws attention to the fact that the principles that delimit the validity of the penal law might not be sufficient to dispel possible conflicts of jurisdiction, if interpreted in the usual traditional way. By giving examples, it analyses and classifies types of electronic crimes as well as the criminal agents of the digital age. Gathers and comments laws and projects of law, both national and international, as well as conventions on electronic crimes. Finally, it presents criteria of solution for resolving the conflict of jurisdiction for crimes practiced in cyberspace, suggesting, of lege ferenda, the pursuit of a law which would eliminate such conflicts.

The relationship between mass-transit and the concentration of burglary and robbery crimes is inconsistent within the available literature in environmental criminology. A number of studies have provided evidence of crime concentration at and near mass transit locations where paths intersect, referred to as a node. These empirical studies bring in environmental criminology theory with the idea that crime is clustered, and the pattern of the concentrations is substantially influenced by how and why people travel and move in a city. It is suggested that public transit allows for a large proportion of the population to move around the community along a restricted number of destinations and paths; therefore, this concentration of population frames opportunities, and increases overall concentrations of crime. Establishments and environments surrounding transit nodes may act as crime generators or attractors, as a high influx of people are drawn to the area via nearby transit services. More recent literature has identified contrasting results, finding that crime does not concentrate near mass transit areas. In some cases, transit facilities appear to act as protective nodes, with lower counts of crime occurring in and around these locales. Given the conflicting results of existing research about crime at and near transit nodes, this study advances work in environmental criminology by analyzing the concentration of burglary and robbery events in Portland, Oregon. Recognizing that crime concentrations may vary depending on the level of analysis, this study explores crime concentrations at multiple levels of analysis. At the macro-level, this study examines burglaries and robberies across Portland as a whole to determine whether these events concentrate around mass transit nodes, when compared to other areas of the city. The meso-level examines within the broad category of mass transit, to explore whether burglary and robbery events cluster differently around different types of mass transit. Finally, the micro scale investigates the five highest-crime transit nodes to explore how burglary and robbery events concentrate in close proximity to these important locations. This study finds that while crime concentrates at higher levels surrounding mass transit nodes within Portland, the patterns of this concentration changes as the spatial level of analysis changes.

Aborda a introdução do computador e da internet na sociedade e sua relação com o direito. Discorre sobre o uso da informática para a prática de crime, observando que o delito penal deixou de ser local e ganhou dimensões internacionais, porquanto seu resultado não se dê necessariamente no mesmo local onde foi praticada a conduta. Chama a atenção ao fato de que os princípios delimitadores da validade da lei penal no espaço podem não ser suficientes para dirimir eventuais conflitos de jurisdição, se interpretados como tradicionalmente se tem feito. Analisa e classifica as espécies de crimes informáticos de forma exemplificativa, bem como os agentes criminais da era digital. Reúne e comenta as leis e projetos de leis nacionais, bem como as leis estrangeiras e convenções sobre crimes informáticos. Ao final, aponta, em sede de conclusão, critério de solução para a resolução do conflito de jurisdição para os crimes praticados no ciberespaço, sugerindo, de lege ferenda, a persecução de uma lei dirimente de eventual conflito. / Discusses the advent of the computer and the internet in society and their relation with the law. Considers the use of information technology in committing crime, observing that a penal offence is no longer local, since it has acquired international dimensions. Therefore, its resolution does not necessarily happen in the same locality where it was practiced. Draws attention to the fact that the principles that delimit the validity of the penal law might not be sufficient to dispel possible conflicts of jurisdiction, if interpreted in the usual traditional way. By giving examples, it analyses and classifies types of electronic crimes as well as the criminal agents of the digital age. Gathers and comments laws and projects of law, both national and international, as well as conventions on electronic crimes. Finally, it presents criteria of solution for resolving the conflict of jurisdiction for crimes practiced in cyberspace, suggesting, of lege ferenda, the pursuit of a law which would eliminate such conflicts.

A presente tese pretende elaborar um modelo libertário em criminologia psicanalítica, buscando uma articulação entre a criminologia psicanalítica e o paradigma criminológico da reação social. Assim, pretende-se construir uma criminologia psicanalítica que, em vez de questionar-se sobre o que leva a pessoa a cometer o crime, associando criminalidade e psicopatologia, coloque seu ferramental teórico a serviço da desconstrução e deslegitimação do sistema punitivo. Ademais, a tese aborda aspectos propriamente clínicos, traçando encaminhamentos para a constituição de uma clínica psicanalítica da vulnerabilidade, tendente a propiciar o fortalecimento do indivíduo perante o sistema punitivo. Para tanto, a tese realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as obras de Sigmund Freud e seus discípulos imediatos, a fim de demonstrar que o modelo criminológico legitimante da punição não se coaduna com a psicanálise freudiana. A partir dessa constatação e da colocação dos desafios consubstanciados no advento do paradigma da reação social, a tese traça encaminhamentos para a instrumentalização da psicanálise em direção à crítica das práticas punitivas institucionais. / This thesis aims to develop a libertarian model in psychoanalytic criminology, seeking a link between the psychoanalytic criminology and the criminological paradigm of social reaction. Thus, the thesis aims to built a psychoanalytic criminology that, instead of questioning about what drives a person to commit the crime, linking crime and psychopathology, puts its theoretical tools in service of the deconstruction and the delegitimization of the punitive system. Moreover, the thesis addresses properly clinical subjects, tracing referrals to the constitution of a \"psychoanalytic clinic of vulnerability\", aimed at providing the empowerment of the individual before the punitive system. Therefore, the thesis makes a review on the works of Sigmund Freud and his immediate disciples, in order to demonstrate that the criminological model that legitimates punishment is inconsistent with Freudian psychoanalysis. Based on this findings and placing the challenges embodied in the advent of the paradigm of social reaction, the thesis traces referrals to the instrumentalization of psychoanalysis toward the critic of institutional punitive practices.

O panorama das ciências forenses no Brasil poderia ser mais auspicioso. O aumento incontrolável das dissensões sociais e da criminalidade comum, o crescimento de facções do crime organizado, o surgimento de novas modalidades de delitos, os desastres de massa e o incremento de novas tecnologias são fatores que apontam no sentido de uma maior demanda por exames periciais e da crescente complexidade dos trabalhos relacionados com as ciências forenses. Paradoxalmente, a falta de investimentos públicos na área, os baixos salários, a ausência de perspectiva profissional e o acúmulo de serviço são alguns dos fatores que claramente influenciam na queda de qualidade do trabalho técnico. Não se publicam mais obras de Criminalística e Medicina Legal no país. As revistas especializadas são poucas e os cursos de Direito paulatinamente vão destinando cada vez menos espaço para aquelas que, ao lado da formação jurídica específica, deveriam ser as matérias principais na formação do bacharel, especialmente daqueles que militam na área penal. Além disso, e exatamente pela natureza técnica da matéria, poucos são os questionamentos que recaem sobre a cadeia de custódia ou sobre a validade das provas periciais apresentadas pelos organismos públicos encarregados da prevenção e da repressão criminal. Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma breve revisão dos dispositivos que regulamentam a prova pericial no sistema processual penal, recentemente alterados pela Lei n. 11.690, de 09/06/08, a estrutura da polícia científica e os procedimentos periciais de levantamento dos locais de interesse à Justiça Criminal, desde o momento que antecede à perícia até a entrega do relatório técnico, apontando seus limites, deficiências e qualidades. / The overview of forensic sciences in Brazil could be more auspicious. The uncontrollable raise of social disagreements and common criminality, the increase of organized crime factions, the appearance of new forms of crime, mass disasters and improvement of new technologies are factors which leads to a sense of higher demand for expert examinations and an increasing complexity of works related to forensic sciences. Paradoxically, the absence of public investment in the area, the low wages, the lack of professional perspectives and the accrual of workload are some of the factors that clearly influence the decline of quality of technical works. There are few new publications about Criminalistics and Legal Medicine in Brazil. The specialized journals are few and law schools are gradually giving less space for those which, like specific legal matters, should be the main ones in the training of new lawyers, especially those who work with criminal law. Besides that, and exactly because of the technical nature of the matter, few are the questions which fall upon the chain of custody or the validity of the expert evidence shown by the public organisms which are responsible for the criminal prevention and repression. This dissertation intends to present a brief review of the articles that regulate the expert evidence in the criminal procedural law, recently altered by Law nº 11.690 of 09/06/08, and the structure of forensic science and the expert procedures to gather places of interest to the Criminal Justice, from the moment preceding the expertise until the delivery of the technical report, pointing out its limitations, shortcomings and qualities.

O panorama das ciências forenses no Brasil poderia ser mais auspicioso. O aumento incontrolável das dissensões sociais e da criminalidade comum, o crescimento de facções do crime organizado, o surgimento de novas modalidades de delitos, os desastres de massa e o incremento de novas tecnologias são fatores que apontam no sentido de uma maior demanda por exames periciais e da crescente complexidade dos trabalhos relacionados com as ciências forenses. Paradoxalmente, a falta de investimentos públicos na área, os baixos salários, a ausência de perspectiva profissional e o acúmulo de serviço são alguns dos fatores que claramente influenciam na queda de qualidade do trabalho técnico. Não se publicam mais obras de Criminalística e Medicina Legal no país. As revistas especializadas são poucas e os cursos de Direito paulatinamente vão destinando cada vez menos espaço para aquelas que, ao lado da formação jurídica específica, deveriam ser as matérias principais na formação do bacharel, especialmente daqueles que militam na área penal. Além disso, e exatamente pela natureza técnica da matéria, poucos são os questionamentos que recaem sobre a cadeia de custódia ou sobre a validade das provas periciais apresentadas pelos organismos públicos encarregados da prevenção e da repressão criminal. Este trabalho pretende apresentar uma breve revisão dos dispositivos que regulamentam a prova pericial no sistema processual penal, recentemente alterados pela Lei n. 11.690, de 09/06/08, a estrutura da polícia científica e os procedimentos periciais de levantamento dos locais de interesse à Justiça Criminal, desde o momento que antecede à perícia até a entrega do relatório técnico, apontando seus limites, deficiências e qualidades. / The overview of forensic sciences in Brazil could be more auspicious. The uncontrollable raise of social disagreements and common criminality, the increase of organized crime factions, the appearance of new forms of crime, mass disasters and improvement of new technologies are factors which leads to a sense of higher demand for expert examinations and an increasing complexity of works related to forensic sciences. Paradoxically, the absence of public investment in the area, the low wages, the lack of professional perspectives and the accrual of workload are some of the factors that clearly influence the decline of quality of technical works. There are few new publications about Criminalistics and Legal Medicine in Brazil. The specialized journals are few and law schools are gradually giving less space for those which, like specific legal matters, should be the main ones in the training of new lawyers, especially those who work with criminal law. Besides that, and exactly because of the technical nature of the matter, few are the questions which fall upon the chain of custody or the validity of the expert evidence shown by the public organisms which are responsible for the criminal prevention and repression. This dissertation intends to present a brief review of the articles that regulate the expert evidence in the criminal procedural law, recently altered by Law nº 11.690 of 09/06/08, and the structure of forensic science and the expert procedures to gather places of interest to the Criminal Justice, from the moment preceding the expertise until the delivery of the technical report, pointing out its limitations, shortcomings and qualities.

Submitted by José Edmilson Lobato Júnior (edmilsonjr@hotmail.com) on 2015-01-06T19:21:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dissertação - DEFESA.docx: 3720569 bytes, checksum: 7e072a8de7b7e262ed9c374fd083c6d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-01-19T13:25:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dissertação - DEFESA.docx: 3720569 bytes, checksum: 7e072a8de7b7e262ed9c374fd083c6d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-01-19T16:04:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dissertação - DEFESA.docx: 3720569 bytes, checksum: 7e072a8de7b7e262ed9c374fd083c6d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-19T16:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Dissertação - DEFESA.docx: 3720569 bytes, checksum: 7e072a8de7b7e262ed9c374fd083c6d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / In the early 90's started a movement across Brazil, powered by a letter of intent UN, which suggested the decoupling of Criminal Expertise Institution of Civil Police. After this move, there was a wide range of administrative structures of expert institutions, both operational and administrative, confirming a status quo complete empiricism in all sectors. This study we attempted to initiate a proposal for standardization of inputs fingerprint nature contained in the briefcase crime scene donated by SENASP to all institutes of Criminology Brazil. In an attempt to reach the largest possible representation among Brazilian Institutes of Criminalistics, we used interviews and an online questionnaire directed to the National Forum of Experts Criminal (FNPC), where the sample was obtained from almost all states of the federation. The result was achieved qualitatively quite representative, where the trademark SIRCHIE proved with considerable preference between the Expert class. However, it is necessary to continue this work, seeking to achieve other variables not examined in this context, but may show the apparent reasons that perpetuate the lack of concrete processes of standardization in the National Skill. / Nos início da década de 90 teve início um movimento em todo Brasil, impulsionado por uma carta de intenções da ONU, que sugeria a desvinculação da Perícia Criminal da Instituição Polícia Civil. Após este movimento, verificou-se uma grande diversidade de estruturas que originaram as Instituições Periciais, tanto operacionalmente como administrativamente, chancelando um status quo de completo empirismo em todos os setores periciais. Buscou-se neste trabalho, iniciar uma análise da possibilidade de padronização dos materiais utilizados na coleta de impressões digitais latentes contidos na maleta de local de crime doada pela SENASP a todos os Institutos de Criminalística do Brasil. Na tentativa de alcançar a maior representatividade possível dentre os Institutos de Criminalística brasileiros, utilizou-se um questionário eletrônico direcionado ao Fórum Nacional de Peritos Criminais (FNPC), onde se obteve amostra de quase todos os estados da federação. No resultado alcançado qualitativamente, a marca comercial SIRCHIE demonstrou ter preferência considerável entre a classe Pericial.

Text in English / An improved roads and public transport system also referred to in this research as road-transport, is strategic to economic growth in countries worldwide. This is why the improvements relating thereto have been prioritised by governments in developing economies such as South Africa. The problem that therefore informed the research in this study is that ever since the improvements on road-transport in South Africa, the implications thereof on the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) have not been studied, to understand the associated dynamics. The dynamics relate to how the road-transport improvements have swayed the role of law enforcement in the City of Tshwane. To unpack the dynamics, the study posed the question: What are the implications of the road-transport improvements on the role of the TMPD? In an attempt to answer this question, the study premised itself on exploring one primary aim, which is: to explore the implications of the road-transport improvements, on the role of the TMPD. To operationalise this aim, the study used three research objectives, which are: to describe the road-transport improvements In South Africa; to explain the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department; as well as to identify factors that hinders the effectiveness of the TMPD. The research used a qualitative approach wherein primary data was collected using interviews. The research showed that road-transport improvements in South Africa can be summarised into two categories. These are traffic improvements and improvements in public transport. The research also found that the role of the TMPD include traffic policing, by-law enforcement, crime prevention, crime Investigation and crowd management. Although the role of the TMPD is regulated properly, the study shows that this law enforcement agency was constrained by a number of challenges. The challenges include: lack of clarity in their crime prevention mandate; limited investigative powers; balancing their enforcement and crime prevention mandates; poor training in crowd management; staff shortages; resource problems; and administrative challenges. To deal with the problems thus requires strong management and leadership within the institution. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Policing)