The purpose of this study is to determine some reaction of students from grades five through eleven of the Detroit, Texas Public School to a modified activity program. The sources of the data were educational literature, a questionaire that was adminstered to the group,and results secured from the use of the New Stanford Achievement Test.

abstract: In preschool, learning often occurs within the context of children’s play activities with various toys and materials. Although much theoretical speculation has occurred, relatively little empirical research has examined how preschoolers’ play activities foster children’s learning and academic skill development. The current study extended previous research on dimensions of adolescent activity involvement to young children in preschool by assessing dimensions of activity involvement across and within curriculum-based and gender-based activity domains. In a longitudinal design, I explored the relation between these dimensions of activity involvement in the fall semester of children’s preschool year and children’s academic outcomes at the end of their preschool year. Participants included preschool children (n = 279; M age = 52 months, 47% girls, 70% Mexican or Mexican-American) from lower socioeconomic status families. Children’s activity involvement was observed, and academic abilities were assessed through child interviews and teacher reports. The results provided little evidence to support the hypotheses that children’s dimensions of activity involvement in the fall semester of their preschool year contributed to their academic abilities in literacy and mathematics at the end of their preschool year. Findings were discussed in terms of the strengths and limitations of the present study. Potentially important steps remain for research on the relation between preschool activity involvement and academic abilities. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2010

Objectif – Cette thèse vise à montrer dans quelle mesure les membres d'une organisation peuvent contrôler des situations de gestion complexes. Cette question de recherche est traitée en adoptant deux angles d'analyse. D'une part, nous considérons les liens entre contrôlabilité et complexité, sous l'angle formel. D'autre part, nous traitons cette question, sous l'angle informel.Méthodes – Pour aborder cette question formellement, nous testons la présence de chaos dans des ventes de biens à la mode avec deux méthodes : une estimation, robuste au bruit, de l'exposant maximum de Lyapunov et la dimension de corrélation. Puis, nous évaluons l'horizon de prévisibilité de ces ventes pour savoir dans quelle mesure les membres de l'organisation, chargés du budget, peuvent contrôler ces ventes présentant une « complexité restreinte » au sens de Morin. Pour traiter de cette question de manière informelle, une étude de cas a été réalisée pour montrer qu'il est possible de contrôler des systèmes complexes, présentant un fort couplage au sens de Perrow, en utilisant les solutions mises en avant par la théorie des organisations hautement fiables.Résultats – Que l'on aborde la question des liens entre contrôlabilité et complexité sous l'angle formel ou informel, il apparaît que les membres d'une organisation peuvent contrôler des situations de gestion complexes, de façon décentralisée, dans la mesure où ils possèdent une marge de manœuvre. / Objective – This PhD thesis aims at showing to what extent the members of an organization can control complex management situations. This research question was addressed by adopting two perspectives. We mathematically considered the link between complexity and controllability in the one hand. On the other, weddressed this issue by adopting organizational perspectives.Methods – To address mathematically this matter, the presence of chaos was tested, in some sales of fashion goods, by two methods: an estimation of Lyapunov exponent which is robust to noise and correlation dimension. Then, predictability horizon was estimated in order to know to what extent the members of an organization who set the budget can control these “complex” sales, in Morin's restricted sense. In order to informally deal with this issue, a case study was realized to show that it is possible for the members of an organization to control complex and tight coupled systems, in Perrow's sense, by using the guidelines of the High Reliability Theory.Results – Whatever perspective we take, it appears that the members of an organization can control complex management situations in a decentralized way to the extent that they have a certain amount of latitude.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to discover and report the best practices of selecting, organizing, and administering the extra-curricular activitiy program in elementary and secondary schools.

The purpose of this study is: 1) To point out some similarities and differences of the two school systems in the twin cities. 2)To determine the comparative readiness of the students finalizing the seventh grade in Texas and those finishing eighth grade in Arkansas to pursue high school work. 3) To make a comparative study of the progress made during the Freshman year in high school by these same students. 4) To determine the difference in achievement of students in the two school systems by making a study of the graduating seniors of the session 1936-1937.

ABCB1 (ou P-gp pour “glycoprotéine-P”), ABCC1 (ou MRP1 pour “Multidrug Resistance Protein 1”) et ABCG2 (ou BCRP pour “Breast Cancer Resistance Protein”) sont les trois transporteurs ABC humains les plus impliqués dans la chimiorésistance de certaines cellules cancéreuses. Deux stratégies sont possibles pour éradiquer cette résistance : 1) l'élimination ciblée des cellules surexprimant ces transporteurs, grâce au talon d'Achille qu'elles ont développé comme conséquence de leur chimiorésistance : la sensibilité collatérale (ou hypersensibilité), et 2) l'identification et l'optimisation d'inhibiteurs spécifiques. Lors de ce projet, nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés au transporteur ABCG2. Dans un premier temps, comme la sensibilité collatérale avait été décrite dans le cas de la surexpression d'ABCB1 ou d'ABCC1, nous voulions vérifier son implication éventuelle dans le cas de la surexpression d'ABCG2. Sans pouvoir finalement conclure sur son existence, nous avons démontré que le mécanisme d'action ne pouvait pas impliquer un efflux massif de glutathion par la protéine, comme c'est le cas pour ABCC1, contrairement à certaines données de la littérature. Dans le cadre de la seconde approche, nous avons criblé différentes séries de composés, apparentés aux flavonoïdes, pour identifier des inhibiteurs spécifiques d'ABCG2. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence des relations structure-activité démontrant l'importance de certains substituants, notamment des groupements méthoxy, non seulement pour l'inhibition de l'activité du transporteur mais aussi pour la cytotoxicité des molécules. Ces études nous ont également permis de classer les inhibiteurs identifiés en 4 familles distinctes, quant à leur mécanisme d'action à la fois sur l'efflux de drogues comme la mitoxantrone et l'activité ATPasique d'ABCG2. Enfin, le meilleur inhibiteur spécifique d'ABCG2 décrit à ce jour, la chromone 6g (ou MBL-II-141) a été caractérisé plus en détails. Son efficacité in vivo pour empêcher la croissance de tumeurs humaines xénogreffées chez la souris nous incite à être optimistes sur la possibilité de proposer un inhibiteur d'ABCG2 comme candidat médicament pour de futures études précliniques / ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCG2 are the 3 human ABC transporters mainly involved in chemoresistance of some cancer cells. Two strategies may eradicate such a resistance: 1) by selectively killing cells overexpressing these transporters thanks to the Achille’s heel they develop consequently to chemoresistance: the so called collateral sensitivity; 2) by the identification and optimization of specific inhibitors. This project has focused on the ABCG2 transporter. Firstly, since collateral sensitivity had already been described in ABCB1- and ABCC1-overexpressing cells, we wanted to verify if it might occur in cases of ABCG2 overexpression. Finally, we could not conclude on its occurence, but we demonstrated that the mechanism could not imply glutathione efflux as it is known to be the case for ABCC1, by contrast with some literature data. Concerning the second approach, we screened different flavonoid compounds to identify new specific ABCG2 inhibitors. We could propose some structure-activity relationships highlighting substituents critical role, particularly concerning methoxy groups, toward both inhibition of the transporter activity and intrinsic cytotoxicity of the molecules. These studies allowed us to propose a classification of the inhibitors into 4 families, thanks to their action mechanism on both inhibition of drug efflux and ATPase activitiy. Finally, the best specific ABCG2 inhibitor, chromone 6g (or MBL-II-141), has been further investigated. Its efficacy to prevent the growth of human tumors xenografted in mice, make us quite optimistic on the possibility to propose an ABCG2 inhibitor as a new drug candidate for future preclinical studies

The presente work describes the results obtained from the phytochemical studies bioguided of crude extracts of the bark of A. salzmannii, a species belonging to the Annonaceae family, front to tests of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticide activities against larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. From the hexane extract were isolated five compounds, been three sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, and selin-11-en-4a-ol); and two steroids (stigmast-4-en-3-one and - sitosterol). From the chloroform alkaloidal fraction of the methanolic extract were isolated seven alkaloids: liriodenine, 10-methoxyliriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine, reticuline, cleistopholine, and a mixture of alkaloids anonaine and xylopine. The assay of antioxidant activity revealed that the methanol extract (3583.02 μmol of TE g-1) and its fractions, chloroform alkaloidal fraction (5291.77 μmol of TE g-1) and chloroform neutral fraction (2047.54 μmol of TE g-1) showed significant antioxidant activity, mainly the chloroform alkaloidal fraction. Among the alkaloids isolated and tested, asimilobine was the most active of them with antioxidant activity of 2.09 TE relative. For antimicrobial assay, the best results were observed for methanol extract and chloroform alkaloidal fraction against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC14458), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10799), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 157), and C. dubliniensis (ATCC 777). Among the alkaloids isolated and tested, all showed significant results with MIC values between 25-100 mg.mL-1, mainly the alkaloids anonaine, asimilobine, and liriodenine against Staphylococcus aureus penicilinase- (8-), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), S. epidermidis (6ep), and Candida dubliniensis (ATCC 778157). To the test of larvicidal activity, only the hexane extract and the fractions of methanol extract showed activity below 700 mg.mL-1. The caryophyllene oxide showed activity of 167 mg.mL-1. The results obtained confirm that A. salzmannii is a typical species of the Annonaceae family, and a promising source of biologically active compounds. / O presente trabalho descreve os resultados obtidos a partir do estudo fitoquímico biomonitorado dos extratos brutos das cascas de Annona salzmannii, uma espécie pertencente a família Annonaceae, frente a testes de atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana e larvicida contra o Aedes aegypti. Do extrato hexânico foram isoladas cinco substâncias, sendo três sesquiterpenos (óxido de cariofileno, espatulenol e selin-11-en-4a-ol); e dois esteróides (estigmast-4-en-3-ona e - sitosterol). Da fração clorofórmica alcalóidica, proveninente do extrato metanólico, isolou-se sete alcalóides: liriodenina, 10-metoxiliriodenina, anonaina, asimilobina, reticulina, cleistofolina e uma mistura dos alcalóides anonaina e xylopina. O ensaio de atividade antioxidante revelou que o extrato metanólico (3583,02 μmol de TE g-1) e suas respectivas frações, fração clorofórmica alcalóidica (5291,77 μmol de TE g-1) e fração clorofórmica neutra (2047,54 μmol de TE g-1) apresentaram expressiva atividade antioxidante, com destaque para a fração clorofórmica alcaloídica. Dentre os alcalóides isolados e testados, asimilobina foi o mais ativo com atividade antioxidante de 2,09 TE relativo. Para o ensaio de atividade antimicrobiana, os melhores resultados foram observados para o extrato metanólico e a fração clorofórmica alcaloídica contra Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC14458), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10799), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 157) e C. dubliniensis (ATCC 777). Dentre os alcalóides isolados e testados, todos apresentaram resultados significativos com valores de CIM entre 25-100 mg.mL-1, com destaque para os alcalóides anonaina, asimilobina e liriodenina frente a Staphylococcus aureus penicilinase-(8-), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), S. epidermidis (6ep) e Candida dubliniensis (ATCC 778157). Para o teste de atividade larvicida, apenas o extrato hexânico e as frações provenientes do extrato metanólico apresentaram atividade abaixo de 700 mg.mL-1. O óxido de cariofileno apresentou atividade de 167 mg.mL-1. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que A. salzmannii é quimicamente uma espécie típica da família Annonaceae, além de uma fonte promissora de substâncias biologicamente ativas.