Background: Problem of a healthy nutrition, mainly vegan nutrition, is the main goal of a lot of studies abroad. It is well known that vegans prefer lifestyle without meat products. This study is draught by using results from a lot of studies, which were published in different journals. Vegans in England and Germany had lower consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis drugs. But how is it in Czech Republic ? Goals: The main goal is to determine what is the menaninf of the term addictive susbtance between vegans and describe prevalence of addictive substances abuse. The second goal is to map attitudes of vegans towards addictive substances use. Sample: Sample was made by 11 vegans, 6 women, 5 men. Respondents were selected by using two methods - snowball sampling and intended selection. Collected data was analysed by the clustering method and pattern recording method. Questionnaire was filled by 153 respondents. Methods: It is based like a qualitative study, where semistructured interview was used for data collection. Collected data were analysed by clustering method. Quantitative part of this study is based like questionnaire, which was analysed by MS Excel tool. Results: The research found out some interesting statistics about vegans. Vegans have separate meaning about addictive substance and...

At present, the topic of addictive behaviour on the Internet is a highly discussed topic. In conjunction with it, young adults are increasingly emerging as a vulnerable group, specifically individuals entering university. Students of different learning backgrounds also have different hobbies in the online world. Drug experiments often take place during this period. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of addictive behaviour on the Internet and the use of addictive substances in two completely different university disciplines. Another objective was to find out whether there are any differences in the results of the respondents and whether there are some connections in the phenomena studied. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Charles University and the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at CTU. For the purposes of this research, a questionnaire was selected, the questionnaire comprised of these standardized questionnaires: a Griffith questionnaire, selected questions from the European School Study on Alcohol and Other Drugs, the CAGE Questionnaire, the CAST questionnaire and the EIUS questionnaire by Škařupová. Respondents were first selected by means of deliberate purposeful selection. The next step in selecting the research file was...

Studies dealing with research about the connection between the addictive behavior on the internet and the use of addictive substance are not a lot and it was never proved their direct connection. The research of this thesis is focused on the research of their the connection. I chose the population of university as a research group, in which I wanted to confirm or refute this connection. Primarily the main reason of this research was to find out the connection between the addictive behavior on the internet and the use of addictive substance, farther also the differences between two different university fields, in which could be expected differences in the exploration of addictive behavior. For the purposes of this research was chosen questionnaire form of data collection, those questionnaires were distributed to the students directly in the classroom. The selection of the research group was randomly selected representatives of the technical and humanities field - they were chosen students of cybernetics and robotics filed of the faculty of electrotechnics of ČVUT, as a typical representative of techincal sphere, and students of psychology field of the faculty of phylosophy of Charles Univesity, which is a typical humanitarian field. The data were recoded into the program IBM SPSS and described by...

BACKGROUND: Of the 22 known measures of nicotine dependence (ND), none capture the overall disease severity of physical dependence alone. Instead, they capture constructs related to dependence, such as perceived risk, psychological addiction, smoker motivations, or smoking related behaviors, but none of the measures include only physical withdrawal symptoms to capture physical dependence on nicotine. AIM: To develop a range of nicotine dependence measures that capture physical dependence on nicotine. METHODS: The final measures were developed in a cross-sectional study conducted in three phases: 1) candidate item development through literature review and cognitive interviews, 2) developing and pre-testing the survey, and 3) survey administration and psychometric evaluation to validate three distinct measures. The final survey was conducted at four health clinics and three high schools. Psychometric tests used to select the final measure items included inter-item correlations, sensitivity analyses done by subgroup, item-total correlations, convergent validity tests, and confirmatory factor analysis. The final measures were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal reliability, total score distributions, and convergent validity correlations. Relative validity analyses were also conducted using a ratio of F-Statistics to compare the ability of each new measure to differentiate dependent smokers as compared previous measures. RESULTS: The final sample included 275 smokers ranging from 14 to 76 years old (mean=30.9, SD=16.2), who smoked an average of 11.5 cigarettes per day (range=0-50, SD=9.4). The sample was 86.5% white and 57.5% male. The three new measures developed included: 1) the 4-item Withdrawal-Induced Craving Scale (WICS) used to capture severity of craving, the most common physical withdrawal symptom; 2) the 12- item Nicotine Withdrawal Symptom Checklist (NWSC), which measures both overall disease severity and the severity of a comprehensive list of individual physical withdrawal symptoms including withdrawal-induced craving, anger, anxiety, depression, headache, insomnia, loss of focus, restlessness, and stress; and 3) the 6-item brief NWSC (NWSC-b), a short measure which only captures overall disease severity. All of the new measures exhibited a unidimensional factor structure loading highly on a single factor (thought to be physical dependence). They also correlated highly (over 0.6) and significantly (p<0.001) to a battery of convergent validity indices including four widely used nicotine dependence measures: Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Autonomy Over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and self-rated addiction. CONCLUSION: The WICS, NWSC, and NWSC-b provide three distinct validated tools that can be used by researchers, clinicians, and educators to track the progression of physical dependence on nicotine across a range of smoking behaviors and histories.

Darbo tikslas - nustatyti ar nuteistųjų asmenybės bruožų, agresyvumo ir priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimas siejasi su agresijos apraiškomis nusikaltimo metu. Tyrime dalyvavo 197 vyrai (nuteistieji), kurių vidutinis amžius 26,87 metų. Tiriamuosius sudarė 108 Pravieniškių 1-ųjų pataisos namų nuteistieji, kurių vidutinis amžius 25,04 metai ir 89 Pravieniškių 3-ųjų pataisos namų nuteistieji, kurių amžiaus vidurkis – 29,09 metai. Jauniausias tiriamasis 18 metų, o vyriausias 60. Asmenybės bruožų įvertinimui buvo naudojamas H. ir S. Eysenck klausimyno lietuviškas variantas, kurį sudaro 101 teiginys, agresyvumui įvertinti - A.Bass – Darki klausimynas, alkoholio vartojimui – CAGE skalė, o rūkymo ir narkotinių medžiagų vartojimo įvertinimui buvo įtraukti atskiri klausimai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog vyrų grupės psichotiškumo, ekstraversijos ir neurotiškumo skalių vidurkiai yra aukštesni už normas lietuviškoje populiacijoje, tuo tarpu melo skalės vidurkis yra mažesnis už normos. Taip pat pastebėta, jog nuteistieji su labiau išreikštu agresyvumu pasižymi aukštesniais psichotiškumo ir ekstraversijos rodikliai, o aukštesni neurotiškumo rodikliai siejasi su aukštu agresyvumu ir priešiškumu. Nuteistieji intensyviau vartojantys opiodus, haliucinogenus, stimuliantus, slopinančias medžiagas ir alkoholį ir narkotines medžiagas (polinarkomanija) kartu yra aukštesnio psichotiškumo. Tuo tarpu aukštesnio neurotiškumo nuteistieji intensyviau rūko ir vartoja alkoholį. Intensyviau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study is to determine whether the convicts of personality traits, of aggression and use of addictive substances related to criminal aggression. The subjects of the study were 197 men (convicts), with a mean age of 26.87 years. The research included 105 convicts in Pravieniskes penitentiary No. 1 and 89 convicts in Pravieniskes penitentiary No.3. Age of participants was from 18 to 60 years old. Lithuanian version of H. and S. Eysenck personality (EPQ) was used. Respondents were asked to fill in the form of 101 questions. Assess the aggression was used A. Bass - Dark questionnaire and assess the alcohol consumption - CAGE scale. Smoking and drug use were included in the assessment of individual issues. The results of the study showed that men's group of psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism scales are higher than average rates of the Lithuanian population, while the scale lies below the average rate. It was also noted that inmates with more aggressiveness expressed have higher rates of psychoticism and extraversion, and higher neuroticism indicators associated with high aggressiveness and hostility. Convicts step using opiates, hallucinogens, stimulant, suppress substances and alcohol and drugs with a higher psychoticism. Meanwhile, higher neuroticism convicts intensify smoking and use alcohol. The more intensive use alcohol is more pronounced condemnation of extraversion. The inmates who more intensive use alcohol, kanabinoid, hallucinogens, stimulant and... [to full text]

There is a wide range of applications for 3D printing technology with an additive manufacturing such as aerospace, automotive, marine and oil/gas, medical, consumer, electronics, building construction, and many others. There have been many pros and cons for 3D additive manufacturing. Even though 3D printing technology has many advantages: freedom to design and innovate without penalties, rapid iteration through design permutations, excellence mass customization, elimination of tolling, green manufacturing, minimal material wastes, energy efficiency, an enablement of personalized manufacturing. 3D additive manufacturing still has many disadvantages: unexpected pre- and post-processing requirement, high-end manufacturing, low speed for mass production, high thermal residual stress, and poor surface finish and dimensional accuracy, and many others. Especially, the issues for 3D additive manufacturing are on high cost for process and equipment for high-end manufacturing, low speed for mass production, high thermal residual stress, and poor surface finish and dimensional accuracy. In particular, it is relatively challenging to produce casting products with lattice or honeycomb shapes having sophisticated geometries. In spite of the scalable potential of periodic cellular metals to structural applications, the manufacturing methods of I∙AM Casting have been not actively explored nor fully understood. A few qualitative studies of I∙AM Casting has been reported. Recently, a sand casting of cellular structures was attempted, resulting in casting porosity and the sharp corners in the lattice structure of the cellular structural molds, a sharpness which prevent fluid-flow and causes undesired solidification, resulting in misrun casting defects. Research on the indirect AM methods has not been aggressively conducted due to the highly complex and multidisciplinary problems across the process – continuum modeling (thermal stress, flow, heat transfer, and water diffusion) with multiple materials (polymer, metals, and ceramic) for multiphase simulations – solid, liquid, and gas. As an initial step to fully understand the processing of I∙AM Casting, a quantitative study on I∙AM Casting is conducted in this work.

The object of this thesis is my own proposal of program to prevention in the abuse of addictive substances for school aged children. The theoretical part presents the issue of abusing addictive substances, primary prevention and approaches to primary prevention in the Czech Republic and abroad and a prevention in the region of Prague 12. The practical part describes research in schools in the region of Prague 12. It includes the results of the research done and the proposal of program to prevention in the abuse of addictive substances for school aged children.

In clinical practice, sufficient attention is paid to the substance dependencies in many respects. Despite being similar to these dependencies, the issue of "activities, behavior, processes" is often left aside. This work deals with online computer games, mostly with the World of Warcraft (WoW), because there are players who may have a problem not only in relation to addictive behavior. The aim of the research was to describe the psychopathological characteristics of MMORPG players and describe the connection between their occurrence and the rate of reported addictive behavior. Participants were MMORPG active players recruited by self-selection based on addressing through online discussion forums, facebook pages and e-mail snowball. The minimum range of subjects was set at 100 players. Tool for gathering data was online questionnaire. The results were determined using descriptive- analytical and mathematical statistics with the help of SPSS software. The final group consists of 243 respondents, of which 216 are men (89%) and 27 women (11%). The age range of the respondents is between 10-56 years, the average age is 22 years. 185 respondents (76%) considered WoW as being their first choice game. Of 243 respondents 23 (it is about 10%) have shown addictive behavior (including 22 men and 1 woman)....

Title: Comparing the risk behaviour of adolescents aged 16 - 17 in different secondary schools in two chosen regions ABSTRACT: The diploma work focuses on adolescent drug abuse and it is especially targeted on sixteen and seventeen-year-old students of secondary schools. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is written as a literature search /recherche/, in which the targeted group is described and also the characteristics of chosen addictive drugs and risks connected to the drug abuse are introduced. In addidtion to this, the realised researches aimed to addictive drugs are delivered there and also at the end of this part the prevention policy is briefly entered up. In the practical part the provided researches are described. The questionnaries were handed out to students of secondary schools in Prague and Klatovy. The results are analysed and discussed in this part as well as the confrontation of results got in both places. The results confirmed that the place, or more precisely the town, does not influence the addiction to smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. On the contrary, talking about illegal drugs, the Prague respondents are more experienced with illegal drugs than those in Klatovy. Based on these results and other literature information there is a...

Starting point: The subject matter of this degree work is Analysis of European Harm Reduction magazines targeting illegal addictive substances users with the exception of marihuana. The research complex is formed from 11 magazines. The common criteria for their selection was a processing of the first number published in 2015. Twenty-nine variables were monitored in all magazines. This work was inspired by Jany Reekers'article (Adiktologie, 2012) where the author tried to map out magazines for addictive substances users all over the world. Aims: The object of this study is to map out magazines for illegal addictive substances users which are published in Europe. The magazines for marihuana users are not subsumed in this work. The further object is to detail the magazines from the viewpoint of formal criteria and do their content analysis. Methods: The analysis of documents, one of the basic types of the research in qualitative approach was used in this study. Acquired data was processed via Coding manual of the printed report about addictive substances and themes which involve them: The appplication for magazines coding which are given for problem illegal addictive substances users (Gabrhelík et A1., 2012). The basic research complex consisted of 11 magazines, 14 magazines were identified. Results:...